- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •Additional Information
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •Noteworthy:
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •130 Chapter 7
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •World Energy Consumption — 1970
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special question
- •3. Alternative questions
- •206 Appendix VI
- •4. Disjunctive questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
«at a certain time in the future»
1. probable future events:
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I will call you* Я подзвоню тoбi
I will help you Я допоможу тo6i I'll get the phone Я підійду до телефона |
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←Тense markers |
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later tomorrow in 2 hours next month tonight soon one of these days (цими)днями (по відношенню до майбутнього) 5 years from now the day after tomorrow | ||
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NOTE
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I/we s/he they |
will (American English) |
I/we s/he they |
shall will (British English) |
2. mental perception and emotions:
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You'll |
like it! Toбi це обов'язково сподобається! love |
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NOTE DO NOT use Future Tense in a sentence where there are two clauses, one of which is time clause beginning with when; before; until; after/as soon as; unless; should (as equivalent of if).
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I will do it |
іf when before after as soon as |
you come. |
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Unless it rains, the competition will be held outside. Якщо не буде дощу, змагання будуть проведені надворі. Should you come, I will meet you. Якщо ти приїдеш, я тебе зустріну.
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Chapter 3 45
3. to be going to future:
a. future plans, intentions:
She is going to study at the university.
Вона збирається навчатися в університеті
I'm going to do it no matter what!
Я збираюся це зробити (зроблю це) будь-що!
b. probable and immediate future events:
The class is going to start in a minute.
За хвилину почнуться заняття.
Also: The laboratory is (just) about to close. Лабораторію вже майже зачинили.
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NOTE Talking about the future you may well use the following expressions: * in the long run — in the distant future, укр. у далекому майбутньому, на перспективу. * in the short run—in the near future, soon, укр. незабаром —Why are you learning Spanish? — I think it will be useful in the long run. |
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Past Progressive (Past Continuous) |
Future Progressive (Future Continuous) | ||||||||||
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Express: | |||||||||||
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«in progress at a time in the past» |
«in progress at a certain time in the future» | ||||||||||
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l. events in progress at a specific time: He was studying at 10 p.m. Вчора о 10 годині вечора він вчився. |
1. events that will be in progress at a time in the future; will last for a period of time in the future: I will be delivering a lecture on philosophy from 9 a.m. till 11 a.m. tomorrow. She will be working on her paper for the next two weeks. Вона працюватиме над статтею два наступні тижні. | ||||||||||
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2. interrupted actions: I was reading when she came. Я читав у той момент, коли вона прийшла. |
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Tense markers |
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3. two actions in the past continued at the same time: He was reading while I was writing my esseay. Він читав у той час, коли я писав твір. | |||||||||||
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from 5 a.m. till 7 a.m. | |||||||||||
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4. repetition and iteration: I was reading all dav long. Я читав цілий день.
Tense markers |
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this time |
tomorrow next year | ||||||||
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10 years from now still | |||||||||||
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for 2 |
hours days | ||||||||||
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at 8 a.m. tomorrow when X come(s) | ||||||||
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yesterday
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at 5 p.m. from 3 p.m. to 10 p.m. |
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all day long while | |||||||||||
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NOTE Use while with Past Progressive, and when with Simple Past | |||||||||||