Double comparative

the ... the чим ... тим less and less усе менше i менше more and more усе більше та більше

The more we learn, the more we know. Чим більше ми вчимося, тим більше ми знаємо. Не became less and less interested in the subject. Biн виявляв усе менше i менше зацікавленості.

*well	over above	The level is well above average. Рівень значно перевищує середній.
значно більше

NOTE Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives: 1. Adjectives of one syllable: add ...-er and ...-est big - bigger, -the biggest 2. Adjectives of three or more syllables: use more and the most interesting - more interesting, - the most interesting 3. Adjectives of two syllables ending in: ...-y, ...-ly, ...-ow, ...-le, ...-er, ...-ure, take ...-er and ...-est – easy - easier, - the easiest 4. Adjectives of two syllables that end in ...-ful, ...-less, ...-re, ...-ic, ...-ate, ...-ish, ..,-ent, ...-ous, ...-ing, ...-gn, ...-mn, and also adjectives «guilty» and «eager» take more and the most.

Irregular formation

Positive good bad little many│ much│ far old

Comparative Better Worse Less More Farther Further Older Elder

Superlative the best the worst the least the most the farthest (about distance) the furthest the oldest the eldest (especially about siblings)

72 Chapter 4

Exercise 6. Complete the following table:

Positive 1. sophisticated 2. … 3. famous 4. … 5. comfortable 6. careful 7. … 8. useful 9. guilty 10. …

Comparative more sophisticated less intelligent … worse … … … … … harder

Superlative the most sophisticated … … … … … the brightest … … …

Exercise 7 Render the following passage into Ukrainian. Pay special attention to logical connectors.

John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and had very different family and educational backgrounds. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born more than a hundred years earlier than Kennedy, in 1809. Kennedy came from a very rich family, but Lincoln's family, on the other hand, was not wealthy at all. Kennedy graduated from Harvard University, while Lincoln had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of this fact, he became a well-known lawyer.

Despite these differences between Kennedy and Lincoln, some interesting similarities between the two are evident. For example, take their political careers. Lincoln began his political career as a Congressman. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political career as a Congressman. They were both elected to the U.S. House of Representatives — Lincoln in 1847, and Kennedy in 1947 — just one hundred years apart. Another interesting coincidence is that Lincoln and Kennedy were elected presidents of the U.S. in a year ending with the number 60 — Lincoln in 1860, Kennedy in 1960, respectively. Furthermore, both men were presidents during the years of civil unrest in the country.

There are some similarities between the two first ladies — Jacqueline Kennedy and Marry Todd Lincoln. For example, both were socially prominent women. Another interesting similarity between Kennedy and Lincoln was the fact that both presidents had vice-presidents named Johnson. Lincoln's vice-president was named Andrew Johnson, and Kennedy's — Lyndon Johnson.

These are only a few similarities in the destinies of these two men who had a tremendous impact on social and political life in the USA.

Exercise 8 Select the appropriate logical connector from the word list, and insert it in the passage: however; by contrast; like; while

Postmodernism,... modernism before it, is a term covering several different tendencies, directions, and styles. Postmodernism is more populist, ... modernism is more elitist and exclusive. Postmodernism has brought about a renewed partnership between the old and the new. Postmodernism recognizes that a work of art can reflect many aspects of life. Modernism ... was more puritanical. Postmodernism, ... , saw the need to face openness and cultural diversity.

Chapter 4 73

Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with one of the variants.

A.

1. John turned off the radio ... he could study.

a. so that

b. now that

c. due to

d. while

2. Some substances are hard, ... others are brittle.

a. if

b. when

c. unless

d. but

3. ... the procedures of science can appear very precise, the means of making scientific discoveries are far from perfect.

a. although

b. because

c. owing to

d. because of

4. Scientists and engineers, ... become more productive, need both easy to use and very flexible software.

a. rather than

b. therefore

c. in order to

d. in order of

5. This will probably continue ... the recession goes worldwide.

a. unless

b. again

c. but

d. for

B.

1. Both literature and music .. the fine arts.

a. is

b. are

2. When in Rome, do ... the Romans do.

a. as

b. like

3. John isn't much ... his brother.

a. as

b. like

4. Not only Mary, but also her parents ... leaving tomorrow.

a. is

b. are

5. The new director, together with his colleagues, ... arriving today,

a. are

b. is