- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •Additional Information
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •Noteworthy:
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •130 Chapter 7
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •World Energy Consumption — 1970
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special question
- •3. Alternative questions
- •206 Appendix VI
- •4. Disjunctive questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
66 Chapter 4
rather скоріш(e), раніш(е)
to be opposed to as opposed to протиставляти
though (at the end of a clause) = nevertheless однак, проте
vs. = versus проти/протиставлення
pros and cons за та проти |
Professor didn't imply that science is in perfect state. Rather, he said, the task is to think how to maintain commitment to it. Професор не мав на увазі, що наука у бездоганному стані. Cкоріше, він казав про те, що треба добре подумати про те, як зберегти відданість цій справі.
The former method is opposed to the latter one. Перший метод протиставляється другому.
It's a tough job. I like it, though. Це складна робота, однак вона мені подобається.
The debate was on environment vs. industrial development. Дискусія була присвячена питанням охорони довкілля у протиставленні розвитку промисловості.
It is necessary that we consider all pros and cons. Необхідно взяти до уваги yci за та проти. |
Purpose
to in order to in order that для того щоб, аби, задля
for для for ... to щоб, аби
for the purpose of with the aim of for the sake of for the reason of in behalf of with the view of з метою, заради
lest щоб не, аби не |
We've done it |
to in order to |
save time. | |
Ми зробили це для того, щоб зекономити час.
They used this technique for convenience. Вони використали цей метод для зручності.
It will be useful for you to know how to operate the device. Вам буде корисно знати, як користуватися приладом.
| ||||
You should not miss this opportunity |
for the reason of in behalf of for the sake of | |||
your future. Ви не повинні втрачати таку можливість заради вашого майбутнього.
Write down the number lest you forget it. Запишіть номер, щоб не забути його. |
Chapter 4 67
Concession
though although even though albeit хоча
yet while whereas хоч, хоча
in spite of despite regardless of notwithstanding (the fact that) незважаючи на
whether незалежно від незалежно чи
with (all) незважаючи на
no matter незважаючи на
for all (that)
as ... may seem
whatever що б не whoever хто б не whenever коли б не wherever де б не |
Attitudes to this problem are changing | |||
|
although though albeit |
slowly. | ||
Відношення до цієї проблеми змінюється, хоча й поступово.
It is difficult, yet rewarding. Це складна, але вдячна справа. | ||||
While Whereas |
I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. | |||
Хоч я розумію, що ви кажете, але не можу з вами погодитися.
| ||||
In spite of Despite |
I the delay, we arrived on time. | |||
Незважаючи на затримку, ми прибули вчасно.
The results are to be recorded, whether successful or not. Результати треба записати незалежно від того, чи будуть вони успішними , чи ні.
With all its limitations, the procedure is still applicable. Незважаючи на yci недоліки, методику все ж можна використовувати.
I'll finish the experiment, no matter how long it takes. Я закінчу експеримент незважаючи на те, скільки часу для цього буде потрібно.
For all his efforts, he failed. Незважаючи на yci зусилля, йому це не вдалося. It's a victory, for all that. I все ж це перемога.
Strange as it may seem, I like it. (Хоча) це може видатися дивним, проте мені це подобається.
It is a good project, whatever you may say. Що б ви не казали, це добрий проект. |