- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •Additional Information
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •Noteworthy:
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •130 Chapter 7
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •World Energy Consumption — 1970
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special question
- •3. Alternative questions
- •206 Appendix VI
- •4. Disjunctive questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
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Simple Present (Present Indefinite) (Present Indefinite) «now» |
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Present Progressive (Present Continuous) «already in progress now» | |||
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Express: | ||||||
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1. General realtionships and timeless truths Time changes everything. Час змінює усе. |
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1. Actions in progress: |
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He is studying for an exam |
now at the moment | ||||
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Зараз він готується до іспиту. This device is becoming more and more popular. Цей прилад набуває (зараз) все більшої популярності. | ||||||
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2. Permanent states: Ann likes mathematics. Енн любить математику. |
2. Uncompleted actions: She is still looking for a job. Вона все ще шукає роботу. John is making dinner. Джон готує вечерю. | |||||
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3. Habitual and recurring actions: John jogs every morning. Джон бiгaє щоранку. |
3. Repetition and duration, temporary states and activities: He is taking English classes this year. Цього року він відвідує заняття з англійської мови. She is living with her parents this month. Цього місяця вона мешкає разом з батьками. | |||||
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4. Mental perception and emotions: He never worries. Biн ніколи не хвилюється. |
4. Emotional comment on present habit: She is always cracking jokes! Завжди вона шуткує! | |||||
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5. Definite future plans or schedules She completes her studies in a month. Через місяць вона закінчить навчання. |
5. Future events: I'm leaving at 7 a.m. tomorrow. Я їду завтра о 7 годині ранку. The deleaation is coming tomorrow. Завтра прибуває делегація. | |||||
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6. Events with future time adverbials: After she completes her studies, she plans to stay here for good. Після закінчення навчання вона планує залишитись тут назавжди. |
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7. Future events with verbs open/close, beam/end, come/leave: The class begins at 8 a.m. Заняття починаються о 8 годині ранку. The store closes at 10 p.m. Крамниця зачиняється о 10 годині вечора. Не comes tomorrow. Він прибуває завтра. |
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Chapter 1 43
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Tense markers |
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usually/generally/as a rule sometimes/from time to time rarely/seldom/hardly ever never/almost never often/ frequently always |
now/right now/at the moment still today this year/week these days always | ||||||||
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every |
day morning other day |
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NOTE |
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Use ONLY Simple Present with stative verbs: |
BUT: I'm looking at you. He's tasting food. We're having a party next Sunday. | ||||||||
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Understand Know Believe Like Remember Need want/wish mean prefer appear seem sound smell |
look taste have |
I know it. Я знаю це. I understand what you mean. Я розумiю, що ви маєте на увазi. This idea sounds nice. Ця iдея звучить непогано. | |||||||
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Projects look OK on paper. Food tastes delicious. I have two dictionaries. | |||||||||
Exercise 5. Choose the correct form of the verbs from the parentheses:
1. I (understand / am understanding) now.
2. This melody (is sounding / sounds) nice.
3. Barbara always (goes / is going) to work at 7 a.m.
4. Coffee (is smelling / smells) good.
5. She usually (phones / is phoning) in the evening.