52 Chapter 3
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R&D Scientists and Engineers Per 10.000 Population, 1995 |
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circle graphs |
sometimes called pie graphs, show percentage, and whole is divided into parts |
When analyzing information in a line or bar graph, note time periods and increases or decreases in amounts. In a circle graph, note the relationship of each part to the whole. Rank the percentages from the greatest to the least.
Comment on these graphs:
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The present stock and flow of human resources engaged in the global discovery and application of science and technology are critical to the future pace of innovation. Historically, the world's largest reservoirs of scientists and engineers have rested in the Western economies. Over time, however, Asia, especially Japan, has begun to build equivalent pools of scientists and engineers in the labor force, and emerging economies are showing signs of producing relatively high proportions of scientists and engineers among their university graduating cohorts. As the global economy expands and nations become ever more interconnected, there may be reason to hope for a smoothing out of at least some aspects of global S&T human resources capacity. |
pool of scientists, reservoir of scientists укр. кадри (резерв) вчених cohort — any group of people who share some common quality (same age etc.) укр. когорта, група S&T — Science and Technology укр. наука i техніка |
Chapter 3 53
Exercise 12. Study the following graph and answer the questions about it:
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Elements that make up the earth's crust |
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1. What elements make up the fourth largest percentage of the earth's crust?
2. Does oxygen make up more, less, or about the same percentage of the earth's crust as compared to all the other elements together?
3. What three elements make up almost equal percentage of the earth's crust?
4. Do sodium and calcium together make up a larger percentage than aluminium?
Exercise 13. Choose the correct word and fill in the blanks.
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(to) increase increasingly |
1. I find it ____ difficult to work with them.
2. The population of this country has _____.
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competition competitor(s) competitive |
3. The two companies are in direct ______
4. Anyone wanting to enter the computer business faces tough _______
5. They lost the contract to their ____.
6. We've discussed the _____ nature of private industry.
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(to) invest investment(s) |
7. The government is trying to attract _____ into this industry.
8. He will advise you how _____ money.
9. I've ____ a lot of time and effort into this project.
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(to) prosper prosperity prosperous |
10. Their business ____.
11. We wish you health, happiness , and ____.
12. This is a new and ____ city.
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innovation(s) innovative |
13. The article dealt with _____ printing techniques.
14. Recent _____ in this field are very promising.