- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •Additional Information
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •Noteworthy:
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •130 Chapter 7
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •World Energy Consumption — 1970
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special question
- •3. Alternative questions
- •206 Appendix VI
- •4. Disjunctive questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
32 Chapter 2
Text B. Scientific prefixes
Let's meet zetta, yotta, zepto and yocto. They are not fundamental particles, they are prefixes on the scientific scale of quantities denoting, respectively, a billion trillions, a trillion trillions, a billionth of a trillionth, respectively — укр. вiдповiдно and a trillionth of a trillionth. Nobody has found much practical use for them yet, but they exist if you need them, according to decisions of the Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures, the international body that meets every four years to govern the realm of scientific units.
|
101 deka or deca (da), from Greek deka ten, |
10-1 deci (d), from Latin decimus, tenth |
|
102 hecto (h), from Greek hekaton, hundred, |
10-2 centi (c), from Latin centum, hundred |
|
103 kilo (K),, from Greek chilioi, thousand |
10-3 milli (m), from Latin mille, thousand |
|
106 mega (M), from Greek megas, large , |
10-6 micro ,from Latin micro -(Greek micros), small |
|
109 giga (G), from Greek gigas, giant, |
10-9 nano (n),, from Latin nanus (Greek nanos), dwarf |
|
1012 tera (T), from Greek teras, monster, |
10-12 pico (p),, from Spanish pico or Italian piccolo, small |
|
1015 penta (P), from Greek pente, five |
10-15 femto (f),, from Danish-Norwegian femten, fifteen |
|
1018 exa (E), from Greek hex, six |
10-18 atto (a), from Danish-Norwegian atten, eighteen |
|
1021 zetta (Z), from Latin septem, seven |
10-21 zepto (z), from Latin septem, seven |
|
1024 yotta (Y), from Greek or Latin octo, eight |
10-24 yocto (y), from Greek or Latin octo. eight |
Chapter 1 33
By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
|
Prefix |
Meaning |
|
a - , ab - |
not having |
|
ambi - |
Both |
|
anti - |
Against |
|
bi - |
having or involving two, coming or occurring twice |
|
mono -, uni - |
single, one |
|
tri - |
having or involving three, coming or occurring three times |
|
by- |
Secondary |
|
co -, corn -, col -, con -, cor - |
together with |
|
dis -, mis -, mal - |
not, bad, wrong, |
|
ex- |
out, from |
|
extra - |
beyond, outside |
|
fore - |
before (in time or order) |
|
pre -, ante - |
before, prior |
|
contra -, |
Against |
|
in -, im -, ir -, il -, un - |
Not |
|
inter - |
Between |
|
micro - |
Small |
|
multi -, poly - |
more than one or two, many |
|
octo -, octa - |
Eight |
|
out - |
to do better than |
|
post - |
After |
|
pseudo - |
not real, false |
|
quadra - |
four, one-fourth |
|
retro - |
Backward |
|
semi -, hemi -, demi - |
Half |
|
sept- |
Seven |
|
sub - |
under, below, beneath, underneath, lower |
|
syn - |
same, together |
|
trans - |
Across |
|
over - |
too much |
|
under - |
too little |