- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •Additional Information
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •Noteworthy:
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •130 Chapter 7
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •World Energy Consumption — 1970
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special question
- •3. Alternative questions
- •206 Appendix VI
- •4. Disjunctive questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
74 Chapter 4
Exercise 10. Find the one synonym to the underlined word:
1. In spite of the delay, we arrived on time.
a. because
b. despite
c. due to
d. because of
2. The debate has nonetheless enlarged our knowledge on the issue.
a. alternatively
b. nevertheless
c. notwithstanding
d. also
3. This problem together with mentioned above is of prime importance.
a. rather than
b. moreover
c. besides
d. alongside
4. In brief, we had to start it from scratch.
a. finally
b. in summary
c. in a word
d. in conclusion
5. These two methods are almost the same.
a. not always
b. very much
c. sometimes
d. never
6. The experiment has valuable implications.
a. reasons
b. indications
c. prospects
d. consequences
7. The experiment resulted in no success.
a. followed
b. realized
c. caused
d. accounted for
Chapter 4 75
Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences:
1. There are far more possibilities for those who have a good command of English.
2. Our teacher is different from theirs.
3. This is by far the best approach.
4. This is the most sophisticated device I've ever seen.
5. He became more and more interested in the project.
6. This invention has brought about many changes in our lives.
7. Why did you do it? Was it on account of what I said yesterday?
8. They have considered all pros and cons.
9. He says it's a genuine coin, but I think otherwise.
10 They proposed that we discuss theoretical aspects rather than applied.
11. Unlike his students, professor Smith always comes on time.
12. Although Denmark is an agricultural country it is also modern and industrialized.
13. The new edition is not so expensive as the old edition..
14. This observation leads us to the following definition.
15. We don't prove the theorem here, but rather, we illustrate it with two examples.
16. To prove things Euclid made certain assumptions which he called axioms.
17. They have markedly different approaches to the problem.
18. Try not to talk too much in conversations, but don't be silent, either.
Text B Study some terms from «The New Hacker's Dictionary» mentioned in Text A, and try to appreciate the humor.
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angry fruit salad: n. A bad interface design that uses too many colors. baud barf: /bawd barf/ n. The garbage one sometimes gets on the monitor when encountering spurious data, caused, for example, by an incorrect protocol setting. beige toaster: n. A Macintosh PC. |
spurious _ wrong, false |
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bit rot: n. The hypotethical disease of unused programs or features that stop working after enough time has passed, even if «nothing has changed». The theory explains that bits decay as if radioactive. bletcherous:/blech-(e)-rus/ adj. Disgusting in design or function; esthetically unappealing. | |
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bulletproof: adj. Descriptive of an algorithm or implementation considered extremely robust and capable of correctly recovering from any imaginable exception condition. This is a rare and valued quality. chrome: n. Showy features contributing little or nothing to the power of a system. |
robust — strong, effective |
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glork:/glork/ interj. Term of surprise, uttered when, say, trying to save the results of two hours of editing, you find that the system has crashed. guru: n. An expert, implying not only the possession of wizardly skill but a history of being a knowledge resource for others. demigod: n. Hacker with a national reputation and a major role in the development of a design, tool, or game known to over half of the hacker community. face time: n. Time spent interacting with somebody face-to-face (as opposed to over an electronic link). | |
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New Testament: n. The second edition of K&R's (Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie's) «The С Programming Language» (Prentice-Hall, 1988), describing ANSI Standard C. The first edition is referred to as the Old Testament. programming: n. 1. Classically, the art of debugging a blank sheet of paper. 2. A pastime akin to banging one's head against a wall, but less rewarding. softy: n. Hardware hackers' term for a software expert ignorant of hardware. |
to debug — to search for or remove bugs (faults) in a computer program a bug — (informal) a fault or difficulty in a machine, system, computer program akin — similar, having the same character or nature |