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Файл:Практический курс английского языка лексико-грамматические упражнения и тесты
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8. What make of car is … , a BMW or a Mercedes?
a) the most
economical
9. Our resolution passed with … possible majority.
a) the narrower b) narrowest c) the narrowest
10. Lately the weather has changed for the … .
a) better b) best c) good
b) more
economical
c) much
economical
Сравнительные конструкции
Constructions Used for Comparing Persons or Things
При сравнении двух предметов (лиц) можно использовать следующие конструкции:
(not) as (прилагательное в положительной степени) as и much
+ прилагательное в сравнительной степени:
She is as beautiful as her mother.
Она такая же красивая, как и её мама.
He is not as (so) busy as we are.
Он не так занят, как мы.
It is much easier to be critical than to be correct.
Гораздо легче критиковать, чем избежать ошибок.
The situation is much more diffi cult than it was predicted.
Ситуация гораздо сложнее, чем её предсказывали.
Во второй сравнительной конструкции вместо much может быть
использовано наречие far:
much (far) bigger — гораздо больше;
much (far) more important — гораздо важнее.
XI.
Найдите сравнительные конструкции с прилагательными и переве-
дите предложения на русский язык.
1. His manner of writing is not as expressive as I expected to
nd.
2. is way is much shorter than that. 3. Let us walk there.
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It is just as quick as taking a bus.
4. His novels are far more
interesting than his stories. 5. ey have bought a much more
expensive house than they intended to. 6. Jack’s wife is far more
beautiful than she looked when we saw her last time. 7. He is not
as quali ed as his work requires.
8. Petrol is twice as expensive
as it was a few years ago. 9. You don’t look as enthusiastic as you
should be. 10. What is much worse about his behaviour is that he
never keeps his promise.
XII.
Измените структуру данного предложения, используя сравнитель-
ную конструкцию (not) as … as в соответствии с образцом:
My car is fast but yours is faster.
My car is not as fast as yours.
Your car is not as slow as mine.
1. John is lazy, but Andrew is much lazier. 2. A trip by plane is
more convenient than a trip by train. 3. Ann and Kate are both
clever.
London and Paris beautiful.
4. eir house is more modern than ours. 5. I nd both
6. A toothache is much worse than
a headache. 7. I think that pineapples are more delicious than
bananas. 8. e new secretary is also experienced but the old
one was more polite. 9. My salary is high, but yours is higher.
10. Athens is older than Rome.
XIII.
Сравните два объекта, используя сравнительную конструкцию as …
as (not as … as). Для передачи субъективного мнения употребите фразы
I think, I believe, in my opinion, to my mind:
1) windsur ng and mountaineering (dangerous);
2) classical music and rock music (popular with young people);
3) an express train and a slow train (fast);
4) apples and pears (tasty);
5) tra c in a city and that in a town (heavy);
6) new York and Tokyo (large);
7) people today and people in the past (healthy);
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8) ction and science ction (interesting);
9) the weather today and the weather yesterday (nice);
10) physics and geometry (di cult).
XIV.
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, обращая
особое внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.
1. Хотя погода сегодня не из приятных, однако вчера
она была гораздо хуже. 2. Вы совсем не изменились. Вы
выглядите так же молодо, как и несколько лет тому назад.
3. Я думаю, что поездка на машине будет более интересной,
чем на поезде. 4. Наша новая квартира и больше, и уютнее,
чем старая. 5. Корь — такая же опасная болезнь, как и свинка.
6. Этот путь оказался короче, чем мы ожидали. 7. Я не могу
согласиться с тобой: она не такая робкая, как ты думаешь.
8. Что для тебя важнее — работа или семья? 9. Какая самая
длинная река в мире? А самая высокая горная вершина?
10. Мой брат старше меня, но я более ответственный,
чем он.
XV.
Выберите правильную форму прилагательного в составе сравни-
тельной конструкции.
1. Sending e-mails isn’t as … as text messaging.
a) more
convenient
2. e more you go to keep t classes, … the results will be.
a) the best b) better c) the better
3. Junk food is far … than an ordinary lunch of three courses.
a) more harmful b) most harmful c) harmful
4. It was much … for him to pass the maths exam than to revise
b) convenient c) much more
convenient
for it.
a) easier b) more easy c) more easier
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5. Hurry up! You are as … as a snail.
a) slower b) the slowest c) slow
6. I am ready to go out as … as it stops raining.
a) sooner b) soon c) the soonest
7. A single room in the ve-star hotel appeared to be much …
than we had expected.
a) cheaper b) more cheap c) cheapest
8. Buying a house in this area is twice … as it used to be.
a) as more
b) so expensive c) as expensive
expensive
9. Cinema celebrities are far … with TV viewers than poli-
ticians.
a) more popular b) popular c) most popular
10. Avis u is as … a disease as swine u.
a) more
dangerous
b) the most
dangerous
c) dangerous
Степени сравнения наречий
Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs
В отличие от прилагательных наречия в большинстве случаев
определяют глагол и иногда другое прилагательное или наречие. Они образуют степени сравнения по тем же правилам, что
и прилагательные.
1. Наречия, которые по форме совпадают с соответствующим
прилагательным (в основном односложные), образуют степени
сравнения синтетическим путём (при помощи суффиксов):
fast (быстрый, быстро) — faster — fastest;
early (ранний, рано) — earlier — earliest.
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Однако в отличие от прилагательных превосходная степень наречий не отмечена определённым артиклем, поскольку эта форма
не связана с существительным.
2. Большая часть наречий образуется от соответствующих прилагательных при помощи суффикса -ly, который удлиняет структуру в отношении количества слогов. Эти и другие двусложные
и многосложные наречия образуют степени сравнения аналитическим путём (при помощи слов more и most):
happily — more happily — most happily;
seldom — more seldom — most seldom.
3. У наречий есть та же самая группа, что и у прилагательных, которая имеет супплетивные формы образования степеней сравнения:
well — better — best;
badly — worse — worst;
much — more — most;
little — less — least;
far — farther (further) — farthest (furthest).
XVI.
Найдите наречия в сравнительной и превосходной степени и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. e more we love our friends, the less we atter them.
2. Common sense is the most widely shared commodity in
the world, for every man is convinced that he is well supplied
with it. 3. To live by medicine is to live more horribly. 4. John
works harder than anybody else. 5. Even if a car is most carefully
driven it can be involved in a tra c accident. 6. I get up earlier
than my sister. 7. Of all the boys Ben runs fastest. 8. ird-year
students speak English more uently than freshmen. 9. Least of
all I expected these words from him.
10. She knows much more
about the history of England than anybody else.
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XVII.
Сравните информацию о Сюзанне и Билле и напишите предложе-
ния, используя степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
Susan Bill
1. She is 19.
2. She is one metre sixty tall.
3. She is a reliable girl.
4. She reads much.
5. She starts work at nine
o’clock.
6. She does not work very hard.
7. She has not got much money.
8. She is not a very good tennis
player.
9. She does not drive a car fast.
10. Her car is not so economical.
11. She lives in a cheap house.
12. She speaks Spanish very well.
XVIII.
Из двух данных форм выберите ту, которая подходит для завер-
шения предложения.
1. He is 21.
2. He is about two metres tall.
3. He cannot be always relied on.
4. He does not like to read.
5. He begins his work at half past
eight.
6. He is hard-working.
7. He has got enough money.
8. He plays tennis well.
9. He is a fast driver.
10. His car is modern and very
economical.
11. He lives in a very expensive
house.
12. His Spanish is poor.
1. She ran fast / fastly to the letterbox to see what had been
delivered.
2. e employees work hard / hardly to meet their deadlines.
3. e book is high / highly recommended by critics, so it must
be worth reading.
4. Due to tra c problems they arrived late / lately at the party.
5. Daniella’s ideas were deep / deeply in uenced by fashion and
trends.
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6. Everybody found that Mrs. Pumpkins looked wonderful /
wonderfully.
7. ough this sounds good / well, we can’t agree to it.
8. e TV channel can hard / hardly meet viewers’ needs.
9. Miners have o en to work deep / deeply underground.
10. When we came back home, it smelt nice / nicely. Mother was
cooking something delicious.
Unit
TWELVE
I.
Выделите слово, которое не вписывается в общий семантический ряд
остальных слов или предполагает участников разных сторон одной ситуации. Первый пример дан в качестве образца:
1) a knife, a plate, a cup, a bowl — a knife;
2) to chew, to swallow, to smell, to taste;
3) a pint of bitter, a pint of ale, a pint of lager, a pint of juice;
4) broth, rump steak, roast beef, beefsteak;
5) to stir, to carve, to cut, to slice;
6) to take an order, to make an order, to give a bill, to serve dinner;
7) a customer, a waiter, a waitress, a chef;
8) salt, sugar, mustard, pepper;
9) a bar, a café, a pub, a snack;
10) to fry, to roast, to chop, to boil.
II.
Выберите слово, которое подходит для завершения каждой ситуации.
1. e … we have early in the morning is called breakfast.
a) food b) course c) meal
2. Don’t … your spoon. If you really feel that way about it, ask
for a second helping.
a) stroke b) lick c) smell
3. If you want real old English food you may visit any restaurant
or café in … .
a) Piccadilly
b) Soho c) the Strand
Circus
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4. e menu contains dishes available for the rst, second and
third … .
a) courses b) meals c) foods
5. e … , extra money for service, is included in the bill.
a) overpay b) extra payment c) tip
6. Two slices of buttered bread with a piece of meat, cheese or
egg between are called … .
a) a hamburger b) a sandwich c) toast
7. A person who eats vegetables and fruit and avoids meat is
known as a … .
a) dietician b) a healthy food
c) vegetarian
eater
8. A written statement showing how much money you should
pay for your dinner in a restaurant in Great Britain is … .
a) a bill b) a receipt c) a cheque
9. … a day keeps the doctor away.
a) A cherry b) An apple c) A kiwi fruit
10. Someone who knows a lot about good food and wine is
called a … .
a) gourmet b) glutton c) beefeater
III.
Прочитайте текст.
Déjà vu
Have you ever been in a situation in which you suddenly thought
“I’ve been here before”? at strange sensation of having had
exactly the same experience at some unknown time in the past
is known as déjà vu. Most people have had this feeling at one
time or another. But no one has come up with a satisfactory
explanation of what déjà vu actually is.
ere are the usual eccentric theories concerning memories of
a previous life, or of some long forgotten “out-of-body experience”.
159
Others maintain that a déjà vu is the memory of a past dream in
which the future was revealed. Needless to say, few scientists take
these theories very seriously.
Psychologists have made several attempts to explain the
phenomenon. Perhaps the most reasonable one involves a simple
malfunction of the brain’s electrical circuitry. What happens is
this: the brain accidentally stores what you see as a memory
before it is registered in the consciousness. So when, moments
later, you actually become conscious of the scene, you nd that
you already have a memory of it deep in your mind.
(David McKeegan. First Certi cate Pass Key.
Grammar Practice with Key. —
Oxford : Heinemann ELT, 1998. P. 35.)
Отметьте высказывания знаком плюс или минус в зависимости от того, соответствуют они содержанию текста (+) или нет (–).
1. Déjà vu is a phenomenon describing a situation when a person
thinks that he has already been there or has already seen this.
2. e
sensation is so particular that not many people have experienced
3. Some eccentric theories interpret this phenomenon by
it.
memories of a previous life.
explanation seriously.
5. Psychologists relate the phenomenon to a
simple malfunction of the brains electric circuitry.
4. e majority of scientists take this
6. ey believe
that accidentally the memory passes ahead the consciousness.
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ПОВЕЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ
THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
Форма глагола в повелительном наклонении выражает просьбу
или приказание что-то сделать. Глагол в повелительном накло-
нении имеет форму инфинитива без частицы to; местоимение
you при этом опускается:
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