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Файл:Практический курс английского языка лексико-грамматические упражнения и тесты
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XXIX.
Выберите подходящий модальный глагол.
1. One … never trust a woman who tells one her real age.
A woman who would tell you that would tell anything. (Oscar
Wilde. Epigrams, p. 29)
a) could b) ought c) should
2. You … worry about your test results — you have been always
good at English grammar.
a) shouldn’t b) needn’t c) mustn’t
3. If one … only teach the English how to talk and the Irish
how to listen society would be quite civilised. (Oscar Wilde.
Epigrams, p. 17)
a) could b) should c) might
4. Both drivers and pedestrians … break the tra c rules — it is
dangerous.
a) needn’t b) cannot c) mustn’t
5. ose who try to lead the people … only do so by following
the mob. (Oscar Wilde. Epigrams, p. 61)
a) ought to b) must c) can
6. I am not sure about the date of his return from his foreign
trip. He … arrive in a day or two.
a) must b) may c) should
7. It is late, so don’t make much noise — the children … be
sleeping.
a) must b) can c) have to
8. Nothing … cure the soul but the senses, just as nothing …
cure the senses but the soul. (Oscar Wilde. Epigrams, p. 38)
a) should b) may c) can
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9. To keep t and healthy one … exercise regularly and try not
to ignore a special diet.
a) should b) ought c) might
10. … you … to perform relevant duties during your prior
practice?
a) Will … have b) Did … have c) Have … had
Модальные глаголы
с перфектным инфинитивом
Modal Verbs with the Perfect Infi nitive
Модальные глаголы с перфектным инфинитивом передают действие, относящееся к прошлому. Однако наряду с прошедшим
значением вся ситуация приобретает дополнительный смысловой оттенок. Например, модальные глаголы should и ought в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом (should have done, ought
to have done) обозначают, что кто-то не сделал того, что нужно
было сделать в определённой ситуации:
The fl owers have withered. — You should have watered them
(but you didn’t).
Цветы завяли. — Тебе следовало поливать их
(но ты этого не делала).
You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t).
Вам следовало помочь ему (но вы этого не делали).
Отрицательные формы shouldn’t have done, oughtn’t to have
done используются в ситуациях, когда чьи-либо действия считаются неправомерными и подчёркивается, что этого не следовало делать:
Why did you tell him the news? You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to)
have done it — he feels very upset.
102
XXX.
Напишите, что следовало, а чего не следовало делать в опреде-
лённой ситуации. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. John missed the train and was late for classes. — He should
have got up earlier not to miss the train.
2. I haven’t got any
money le . 3. My sister told all my secrets to her friends. 4. e
car has broken down. 5. My English isn’t good enough. 6. Last
morning I overslept and was late for classes. 7. I lent her a large
sum of money but she didn’t return it. 8. Dick has failed in his
maths exam. 9. e weather was awful and we got wet to the skin.
10. Ann has gained weight again.
Модальный глагол could с перфектным инфинитивом (could have
done) указывает на утраченную возможность сделать что-то, ко-
гда кто-то не сделал того, что хотел, по некоторым причинам:
We could have gone to the country but the weather
had changed for the worse.
Мы могли бы поехать за город, но погода испортилась.
XXXI.
Напишите предложения, употребляя модальный глагол could c
перфектным инфинитивом для передачи значения утраченной возможно-
сти сделать что-то. Объясните причину, по которой не удалось сделать намеченное. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. My parents didn’t buy a new car. ey could have bought
it but they decided to buy a at rst. 2. Yesterday we stayed at
home. 3. We went to the country instead of going to the museum.
4. I refused to help him. 5. We didn’t take part in the wedding
celebration. 6. I haven’t nished the test yet. 7. He didn’t pass his
exam in philosophy. 8. I didn’t lend him any money. 9. He didn’t
take part in the conference. 10. She has never forgiven him.
Отрицательный модальный глагол can’t с перфектным инфинитивом (can’t have done) также относит действие к прошлому и
передаёт значение невозможности для кого-то сделать что-то.
103
Эта форма характеризуется дополнительным эмоциональным
значением удивления и раздражения:
You can’t have known it. (It’s not a well known fact.
Nobody knows it.)
Не может быть, чтобы ты это знал. (Ты не мог этого знать.)
(Это неизвестный факт. Никто об этом не знает.)
XXXII.
необходимые обоснования. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. Kate has failed in the history exam. — She can’t have failed
Скажите, что предполагаемая ситуация невозможна, приводя
in the exam. She knows history well. 2. Pete has won rst prize.
3. Charles has stolen the corals from Clara. 4. ey have divorced.
5. Nick has refused to help Mary. 6. Mr. Grey has been appointed
the manager of the company. 7. eir child behaved badly in the
museum. 8. He has told a lie to the teacher. 9. e company has
gone bankrupt. 10. Dick and Nicole have got married.
Модальный глагол must с перфектным инфинитивом относит
действие к прошлому и соответствует в русском языке значению
«должно быть, кто-то что-то сделал»:
I can’t fi nd my umbrella. I must have left it in the shop.
Я не могу найти зонтик. Должно быть, я оставила его
в магазине.
XXXIII.
перфектным инфинитивом. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. Pete hasn’t come. He / to forget about the appointment. — He
Отреагируйте на ситуацию, употребляя модальный глагол must с
must have forgotten about the appointment. 2. I didn’t hear the
phone ringing. I / to fall asleep.
/ to go shopping.
5. He knows about the picnic. John / to inform him about this.
6. Tom is broke. He / to buy something very expensive. 7. Diana
4. It’s six o’clock. Mary / to come back home.
3. My mother isn’t at home. She
is o ended with Charles. She / to learn about his deceit. 8. Lucy
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doesn’t talk to Willy. ey / to quarrel. 9. She can’t get into the
house. She / to lose the key.
10. Why didn’t George come to the
party? — He / to fall ill.
Модальный глагол may (might) с перфектным инфинитивом
относит действие к прошлому и соответствует в русском языке
значению «вероятно, кто-то что-то сделал»:
He may (might) have sent an e-mail.
Он, вероятно, отправил сообщение по электронной почте.
XXXIV.
предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. John hasn’t come yet. He / to be late for the train. — He may
Скажите, что могло бы случиться в каждой ситуации. Первое
(might) have been late for the train. 2. Jane refused to join the
group. She / to change her mind. 3. Dick has failed in his English
exam. He / to revise for it badly. 4. e team has lost the game.
ey / to have very skilful rivals. 5. ey went to the forest. ey
/ to decide to arrange a picnic. 6. He has fallen ill. He / to catch
a cold. 7. He has lost a large sum of money. He / to lose it in
the casino. 8. David looks happy and enthusiastic. He / to get
promotion. 9. e boys look untidy and dirty. ey / to play
football. 10. Why does George go on foot to the o ce? He / to
sell his car.
XXXV.
пользуя модальные глаголы must, may, can’t с перфектным инфинитивом.
1. You have found that
Напишите по три предложения для каждой ситуации (a, b, c), ис-
a) your car is
missing in the
garage.
b) the fridge in the
kitchen is full
of foodstu s
c) your friend
hasn’t come
yet.
and drinks.
What could have happened?
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2. You have found that
a) there is no
b) the things are
money in your
bag.
What could have happened?
scattered on the
oor of your
room.
c) your University
is closed.
XXXVI.
дальным глаголом.
1. I haven’t seen George for a long time. He must … his workplace
Выберите правильную форму инфинитива, сочетающуюся с мо-
as he had once promised.
a) change b) have changed c) be changing
2. Sue has refused to come to the party. She may … for her
maths exam.
a) be revising b) revise c) have been re-
vising
3. You should … more responsible and hard-working, otherwise
you’ll lose your job.
a) have been b) be c) has been
4. I don’t understand how the accident has happened. e driver
can’t … the pedestrian crossing the street.
a) see b) be seeing c) have seen
5. Where is Jane? — She may … the shopping and has forgotten
about our meeting.
a) do b) have done c) be doing
6. We planned to go abroad this summer but we didn’t. We
could … , but some unforeseen circumstances prevented us
from doing this.
a) have gone b) go c) have been go-
ing
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7. You needn’t … him twice of anything. He is fully concentrated
on his duties.
a) have reminded b) remind c) to remind
8. e Browns’ house has been burgled. ey should always …
the doors and the windows when leaving.
a) be locking b) lock c) have locked
9. ey don’t hear the doorbell. ey might … .
a) sleep b) be sleeping c) have been
sleeping.
10. Mabel is well-educated and has good manners. She can’t …
like that.
a) have behaved b) to behave c) be behaving
Unit
SEVEN
I.
Выделите слово, которое не вписывается в общий семантический ряд
остальных слов. Первый пример дан в качестве образца:
1) autumn, spring, winter, heat — heat;
2) river, current, sea, ocean;
3) warm, frosty, cold, cool;
4) mountain, eld, meadow, plain;
5) forest, woods, grove, meadow;
6) landscape, nature, air, view;
7) dry, rainy, wet, damp;
8) Sun, Moon, Earth, cloud;
9) high, grey, pale, white;
10) o en, sometimes, seldom, early.
II.
Выберите слово, которое подходит для завершения каждой ситуации.
1. e weather … do not give the temperature of the air.
a) control b) information c) forecasts d) statements
2. Because of the Gulf Stream the climate in Great Britain is … .
a) average b) middle c) temperate d) medium
3. In the forests it is pleasant to … to the songs of the birds.
a) hear b) enjoy c) watch d) listen
4. ick … are typical for the climate of England.
a) fogs b) mists c) smog d) smoke
5. ey have all sorts of weather in winter. Sometimes it rains … .
a) strongly b) heavily c) constantly d) badly
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6. With the coming of spring the snow begins to … .
a) evaporate b) vanish c) melt d) decay
III.
Какое из прилагательных не может быть использовано для характе-
ристики следующих понятий?
1. Weather: rainy, severe, average, cool, hot.
2. Climate: mild, windy, continental, temperate, favourable.
3. Clouds: dark, huge, rainy, white, misty.
4. Autumn: Indian, late, rainy, golden, early.
IV.
Прочитайте текст.
The Dead Rabbit
You can imagine how upset Mr. Bennet was when his pet Alsatian
dog walked through the back door with a dead rabbit in its mouth.
You can also imagine how anxious he became when he realised
that the rabbit was, in fact, his next door neighbours’ pet, Flu y.
“What are we going to do?” he said. “ ey’ll be furious when
they nd out.”
Fortunately the rabbit had not been badly damaged. e dog
had just made it very dirty by playing with it. Poor Flu y must
have died of fright. So Mr. Bennet took it upstairs and gave it a
good wash and shampoo. He even blow-dried it. en he took it
outside and put it back into its cage in the neighbours’ garden,
hoping they would think it had died of natural causes.
e following day Mr. Bennet was sitting in his garden, reading
the paper, when the woman from the next door appeared at the
garden fence. She began to tell him how upset her little girl was.
“What happened?” asked Mr. Bennet, trying to look innocent.
“Poor Flu y died on Wednesday, and we buried it,” she
explained. “But this morning it was back in its cage!”
(David McKeegan. First Certi cate Pass Key.
Grammar Practice with Key. —
Oxford : Heinemann ELT, 1998. P. 19.)
109
Отметьте высказывания знаком плюс или минус в зависимости от того, соответствуют они содержанию текста (+) или нет (–).
1. e rabbit, by the name Flu y, was a pet of Mr. Bennet’s next
door neighbours.
killed the rabbit.
his and his neighbours’ families were not on friendly terms.
could think it was his revenge on them.
very dirty, he gave it a good wash and shampoo.
2. Mr. Bennet thought that his Alsatian dog had
3. He was anxious about this misfortune because
4. ey
5. As the dead rabbit was
6. en Mr. Bennet
put the rabbit back into its cage in the neighbours’ garden. e
rabbit looked as if it had died of natural causes.
7. e neighbours
were not surprised to nd the dead rabbit in the cage.
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РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ
TAG-QUESTIONS
V.
Закончите предложения разделительным вопросом в отрицательной
форме. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. It is (It’s) wonderful, isn’t it? 2. e weather is mild today, …
3. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the rst astronauts who
stepped on the surface of the Moon, …
father of Arti cial Intelligence, …
6. You were at home in the evening, … 7. You know about the
excursion, …
at the lecture, …
come to the party, …
8. He has a driving licence, … 9. ey were present
10. She looked frightened, … 11. You will (You’ll)
12. She will be a good wife for him, …
5. It was windy yesterday, …
4. Alan Turing is the
Обратите внимание на особую форму глагола to be (её про-
изношение) в настоящем простом времени в отрицательном
раздели тельном вопросе, относящемся к местоимению I:
I am right, ain’t I?
I am on time here, ain’t I?
I am free, ain’t I?
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