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Файл:Практический курс английского языка лексико-грамматические упражнения и тесты
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we’ll be late. 10. I … help her because she didn’t know how to
begin the procedure.
Эквивалент have to do something может также встречаться и в
настоящем времени. Но в этом случае его значение отличается от значения самого модального глагола must do something.
Must обозначает более сильную обязательность и переводится
на русский язык как должен, обязан, в то время как have to выражает более слабую обязательность и соответствует глаголам
приходится, вынужден:
You must learn all traffi c rules and signs
otherwise you won’t pass your driving test.
I have to work a lot to pass my driving test.
XI.
Употребите либо модальный глагол must, либо его эквивалент have
to для обозначения действия в настоящем времени.
1. You … tell your child how to behave in the street. 2. Yo u …
not smoke here. It is prohibited.
3. He is a businessman, so he …
spend a lot of time abroad negotiating with his foreign partners.
4. e windows are very dirty. I … not forget to clean them.
5. Dick has fallen ill and can’t provide himself with foodstu s. We
… help him.
7. She works far away, so she … return home very late. 8. As
sister.
6. Her parents are busy. So she … look a er her little
my classes begin at nine o’clock, I … get up early in the morning.
9. Pedestrians … follow the tra c rules to avoid accidents. 10. Yo u
… water the plants regularly otherwise they will wither.
В отрицательных предложениях выражение have to употребляется со вспомогательными глаголами do (does), did, will в
зависимости от времени совершения действия:
I do not (don’t) have to get up early in the morning.
We did not (didn’t) have to wait for them long.
You will not (won’t) have to inform him of this.
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XII.
Скажите, что вам (или кому-то другому) не приходится делать сле-
дующее. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. I / to wash up a er dinner. — I don’t have to wash up a er dinner.
2. He / to keep late hours. 3. ey / to pay for their education.
4. She / to do a lot of work about the house. 5. He / to repair his
car.
6. e secretary / to answer the phone calls. 7. Steve / to travel
much.
to cook dinner on Sundays.
XIII.
прошедшее. Добавьте соответствующее обстоятельство времени. Первое
предложение дано в качестве образца.
8. Mother / remind them about their duties. 9. My sister /
10. ey / to take care of this.
Используя примеры из упражнения XII, измените время глагола на
I didn’t have to wash up a er dinner when I was unmarried.
В вопросительном предложении используется модель Do you
(I, we, they) have to do …? Does (he, she, it) have to do …? для
настоящего простого, Did you (I, he, she, it, we, they) have to
do…? для прошедшего простого, Will you (I, he, she, it, we, they)
have to do …? для будущего простого.
XIV.
Задайте уточняющий вопрос. Первое предложение дано в качестве
образца.
1. I have to get up early every morning. (Why?) — Why do you
have to get up early?
my children. (Where?)
(What … on?)
5. I have to put up with his behaviour. (Why?) 6. He has to pay for
his education. (How much?)
long time. (How long?)
(Why?)
10. We had to complain to the manager about the service at the
9. ey had to come to a decision at last. (When?)
2. I had to spend the whole summer with
3. I had to spend much money yesterday.
4. I will have to leave the party earlier. (Why?)
7. ey had to wait for her for quite a
8. He will have to retake his examination.
restaurant. (Why?)
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XV.
Спросите у своего собеседника:
1) what time he (she) has to get up on weekdays;
2) how he (she) has to get to the University;
3) if he (she) has to spend much time at the library;
4) who has to pay for his (her) education;
5) if he (she) has to work to pay for the education;
6) what he (she) has to do about the house;
7) if he (she) sometimes has to tell lies, if yes — in what case;
8) if he (she) has to help his (her) relatives;
9) how o en he (she) has to visit his (her) friends;
10) if he (she) has sometimes to argue with his (her) teachers.
Пусть он (она) ответит на вопросы.
XVI.
Скажите следующее по-английски, используя структуру have to do
something в утвердительном, отрицательном и вопросительном предложе-
нии.
1. Мне не приходится выгуливать собаку по утрам, так как это
обязанность моей сестры. 2. Мне нужно делать эту работу
регулярно. 3. Ей приходится многое делать по дому. 4. Мы
должны навещать своих родителей каждое воскресенье.
5. Тебе много пришлось работать над английским языком?
6. В такой ситуации им пришлось надеяться только на
везение. 7. Ей не нужно думать о будущем — её родители
думают за неё. 8. Извини, но мне приходится напоминать
тебе о твоих обязанностях. 9. Тебе часто приходится ходить
по магазинам по будням? 10. Она была очень занята, поэтому
ей редко приходилось отдыхать.
XVII.
Выберите подходящий модальный глагол.
1. I … resist everything except temptation.
a) must b) can c) have to
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2. All countries … join their e orts to protect environment. By this
they could prevent endangered species from disappearing.
a) may b) ought c) must
3. She … play the violin when she was seven.
a) was able to b) could c) cannot
4. e suspect … admit his fault as the evidence was irrefutable.
a) had to b) could c) must
5. I’ll visit them by all means, but I … leave early to collect the
children from school.
a) must b) will have to c) have to
6. He … come if he doesn’t want to.
a) has to b) doesn’t have to c) mustn’t
7. I’d love to … to sing like you.
a) be able b) can c) have
8. Why didn’t you tell her about my invitation? — I wanted to,
but I … nd her phone number.
a) wasn’t be able to b) didn’t have to c) couldn’t
9. You … use the o ce phone for private calls.
a) mustn’t b) must c) aren’t able to
10. Dealing with clients’ complaints is not my duty, but from
time to time I … do this.
a) must b) am able to c) have to
Модальные глаголы may и might
The Modal Verbs may and might
Модальный глагол may употребляется для передачи значения разрешения. В этом значении may сочетается с простой
формой инфинитива:
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You may go to the party but please, don’t return late.
She is recovering now and you may visit her at the hospital.
В вопросительных предложениях may употребляется, чтобы
попросить разрешение сделать что-то:
May I take your book? — Yes, you may. (No, you may not.)
Иногда в качестве ответа на этот вопрос используется другая
модель: Yes, do, please или No, don’t, please, которая отмечена меньшей формальностью в сравнении с первой.
XVIII.
На основе предложенных фраз попросите у своего собеседника
разрешение сделать что-либо. Пусть он (она) даст утвердительный или отрицательный ответ, используя более или менее формальную фразу. Первое
предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. To borrow his (her) textbook. — May I borrow your textbook? —
Yes, you may. (Do, please.) — No, you may not. (Don’t, please.)
2. To phone him (her) late in the evening. 3. To smoke in the
room. 4. To help with his (her) test. 5. To use his (her) computer.
6. To keep his (her) book for ve more days. 7. To give him (her)
a piece of advice. 8. To read his (her) letter. 9. To switch over the
TV channel. 10. To use his (her) pen.
Модальный глагол may употребляется также для передачи значения возможности совершения какого-либо действия. В этом
значении может быть использован и глагол might:
Where is he? — He may (might) be in the sports club.
Где он? — Он, возможно, в спортклубе.
What are you going to do this summer? — We may (might) go
to Italy.
Что вы собираетесь делать этим летом? — Мы, возможно,
поедем в Италию.
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XIX.
Дайте возможные ответы на вопрос What are you doing tonight?,
употребляя модальный глагол may или might. Для ответа используйте
фразы:
to go to a concert, to visit my friends, to work at my report, to do
the homework, to play computer games, to entertain my guests.
А что ещё вы собираетесь делать?
Модальный глагол may (might) со значением вероятности может сочетаться с инфинитивом в форме continuous для выражения продолжающегося действия в настоящем или будущем:
They may (might) be having dinner now.
Они, вероятно, сейчас обедают.
She may (might) be still sleeping.
Она, вероятно, ещё спит.
XX.
Скажите, что кто-то, возможно, совершает какое-либо действие в
настоящее время. Употребите модальный глагол may или might.
1. She / to talk on the phone with her friend. 2. Daniel / to repair his
car in the garage. 3. His parents / to visit their friends. 4. e prices
of the goods / to increase.
6. He / to wait for us outside. 7. ey / to do the shopping at the
room.
5. Ann / to do her homework in the next
supermarket. 8. Dan / to revise for his exams at the library. 9. Lizzie /
to take her dog for a walk. 10. e police / to investigate the case.
XXI.
Употребите may (might) либо с инфинитивом в простой форме,
либо в форме continuous.
1. He might (to be) at home now. 2. e children might (to play)
football in the yard. 3. She may (to hope) for the better. 4. Ask
him as he may (to know) about the accident. 5. Barbara and
Peter may (to go) to France next summer. 6. Where is Jane? —
She may (to watch) television in her room. 7. Hurry up! Perhaps
everybody has come and might (to wait) for us. 8. John speaks so
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because he may (to think) that he is right. 9. Why have you taken
her umbrella? She might (to look) for it everywhere.
10. Be quiet.
e children may (to sleep) already.
XXII.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы, употребляя модальный глагол
may или might. Используйте также вводящие фразы, такие как I’m not sure
but, I haven’t decided yet but, I don’t know yet but. Первое предложение
дано в качестве образца.
1. What are you going to do on Saturday? — I’m not sure yet
but I might go to the country. 2. Where are you going for your
summer holidays? 3. When will you meet Susan? 4. What make
of car are you going to buy? 5. How much money are you ready
to spend on it? 6. What are you going to have for dinner today?
7. When are you going to nish your test? 8. What are you going
to buy at the supermarket? 9. Are you going to get married soon?
10. How many children are you going to have?
Модальный глагол may (might) в значении разрешения или запрещения имеет семантический эквивалент to be allowed to,
который используется не только для будущего, но и для настоящего и прошедшего времени.
XXIII.
Замените модальные глаголы may и might, где возможно, на эк-
вивалент to be allowed to.
1. You may do there whatever you like. 2. She said that they
might relax for some time and continue their classes. 3. Be ready
to meet them. ey may arrive this a ernoon. 4. He asked if he
might see the painting bought at the auction a year ago. 5. Yo u
may take a short break now. 6. Visitors may use the swimming
pool between seven and nine o’clock in the evening. 7. Some r
trees may grow up to 60 feet. 8. I’m not sure but I may take part
in the conference. 9. Don’t rely on her; she may change her mind
any time. 10. I knew that I might come to their place any time.
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Модальный глагол should
The Modal Verb should
Модальный глагол should выражает совет или рекомендацию
как выход из какого-либо положения:
The exams are coming. You should study harder.
(It’s a good thing for you to study harder.)
XXIV.
Дайте совет, исходя из предложенной ситуации. Первое предло-
жение дано в качестве образца.
1. You look tired. (You / to have a short rest) — You should have
a short rest.
older people)
4. Catherine has fallen ill. (We / to visit her) 5. It’s too late. (We /
to go home immediately)
more carefully)
8. e lm got the rst prize at the International Film Festival.
(You / to see it by all means)
to see a doctor about that cough)
2. Tom behaves badly. (He / to be more polite to
3. He is o en late for classes. (He / to get up earlier)
6. Carlos is a fast driver. (He / to drive
7. Alex is overweight. (He / to jog in the morning)
9. Helen has caught a cold. (She /
10. Children need protection.
(Parents / to spend as much time with them as possible)
В отрицательных предложениях используется модель I (he, she,
it, we, you, they) should not (shouldn’t) do, а в вопросительных —
Should I (he, she, it, we, you, they) do …?
XXV.
Дайте совет относительно того, чего не следует делать в предла-
гаемых ниже ситуациях. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.
1. Bob is overweight. — He shouldn’t drink much beer and eat
junk food.
an exam.
5. e policeman has stopped my car. 6. ey have bought fruit
and vegetables at the market.
8. Chris is going to get married. 9. I have missed the last train.
10. I have bought a new car.
2. e child has caught a cold. 3. ey have failed in
4. Liza is looking for a present for her friend’s birthday.
7. I have lost my driving licence.
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XXVI.
Вы не знаете, что предпринять в определённой ситуации. Обра-
титесь за советом, употребляя модальный глагол should.
1. You don’t know how to improve your English. Ask your
teacher for advice.
2. You want to keep t and healthy. Ask the doctor about it.
3. Your friend is going to get married. You have no idea what
present to buy on this occasion. Ask someone.
4. You are going to a job interview and you would like to know
something about the dress code. Ask someone.
5. You are going to keep to a strict diet. Ask for some recommen-
dation.
6. You are going to buy a car but you don’t have a driving licence.
Ask for your friend’s advice about taking a driving course.
7. You are going to make a birthday cake. Ask your mother about
ingredients to be used.
8. You have le your bag on the bus. Ask an o cial person what
to do.
9. You are going to make a ten-day trip. Ask a travel agent what
things to take with you.
10. Your at has been burgled. Phone the police and ask what
steps to take.
Модальный глагол ought
The Modal Verb ought
Модальный глагол ought близок по значению к глаголу should,
но обладает более сильным оттенком обязательности. Кроме
того, ought в отличие от should употребляется с инфинитивом
с частицей to:
There ought to be a ban on cigarette advertising.
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В отрицательных предложениях используется модель I (he, she,
it, we, you, they) ought not или (oughtn’t) to do; в вопроситель-
ных — Ought I (he, she, it, we, you, they) to do …? Однако в обоих случаях предпочтительным является глагол should.
XXVII.
требляя модальный глагол ought.
1. Тебе следует вести более подвижный образ жизни. (To
Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, упо-
exercise more) 2. Ему следует вставать раньше, чтобы не
опаздывать на занятия. 3. Джону не следует вести себя так при
взрослых. 4. Вам следует обратить особое внимание на своё
здоровье. 5. Тебе не следует говорить об этом им. 6. Следует
ли им сообщать об этом в полицию?
Модальный глагол need
The Modal Verb need
Модальный глагол need используется только в отрицательных предложениях и переводится на русский язык «не нужно
(не обя зательно) что-то делать»:
You needn’t do the exercise in writing. You can do it orally.
XXVIII.
1. e windows aren’t dirty. You … clean them. 2. Drivers …
exceed the speed limit in the cities.
Используйте needn’t или mustn’t.
3. Pedestrians … cross the
street under the red light. 4. You … tell her about it as she has
already known everything. 5. You … take an umbrella with you.
ey didn’t promise rainy weather. 6. One … borrow money if
he can’t pay it back. 7. You … borrow money — you have got
enough to buy whatever you like. 8. Passengers … smoke on
board the plane. 9. We … hurry — we have plenty of time. 10. Yo u
… promise if you never keep your word.
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