Ctpoehhe opejuj,bephoyjihtkobOro oPrAha
CTpe.n;naepHOYJIHTKOBhlH opraH, 1:1/(H yxo --.,. organum vestibulocochleare,
-
auris, cocro1:1r 1:13 Hapy:>KHOro, cpe.n;Hero 1:1 BHyipeHHero yxa.
H a p y lK u o e y x o - auris externa - cocTOHT 1:13 ywHoil: paKOBHHhl, MhlIIIU yll1Ho:H paKOBHHbI H Hapy:>KHoro CJiyxoBoro npoxo.na.. Bee OHH ahlnOJI·
\ 497
PHc.
293.
X
pllW:
JieBoii
yurnoii
paKOBHHhl
JIOIIIaAH:
1 - apex auriculae; 2 - margo anterior; 3 - margo posterior; 4 - scapha; 5 ; incisura terminalis; 6 - cartilage meat us acustici; 7 - proc. styloideus; 8 -
r. auricul aris internus.
H5.IIOT BCilOMOraTe.JJhHYIO <flyHKIJ.IUO n 1:1 JiaBJrnBa-
HHH 3BYKOBblX pas,n:pa:>KHTe.neii .
HapY1fCHblH CJiyxosou npoxo.n. - meatus acus-
. ticus
externus
- HMeeT
KOCTH OCHOB KOTO a5.I
cHapyarn
.n:onoJIH5.leTC5.1 xpmu.oM
CJiyxoaoro npoxo
.n:a - cartilage meatus acustici - c Me,n:1:1aJibHOH
lll.eJiblO, 38T5.IH
TOH MaCTHti:ecKOH ne
ernnTrm
HYTPeHHee
OTBepcT1:1e CJiyxoBoro
npoxo.n:a
o6pa
ru.eHo a rroJIOCTh cpe,n:Hero yxa 1:1 orpaH1:1ti:eHo KO co noctaaJieHHhIM 6a a6aFtHbt
tympanicus, 33T5.IHYThIM 6apa6aHHOH nepenOHKOH (CM. p1:1c. 296). K Hapy:>KHOMY OTBepcTHIO CJiyxo-
. aoro n oxo a n RK
y co6aKH Hapy:>KHblH CJIYXOBOH rrpoxo,n: oti:eHb KOPOTKHH, y CBHHhH -JJ:JIHHHhIH 1:1 ysK1:1ii, y Kpyn-
HOro or · •
TH ropH30HTaJihHO . .IlJIHHa 1:1 IlOJIO:>KeH1:1e Hapy:>K
HOro CJlJXOBOro npoxo.n:a y CBHHbl:I 1:1 KpynHoro
yurnofi paKOBHHbl. y JIOIII3)J.H Hapy:>KHbIH CJiyXOBOH npXO)J. cpaBHHTeJibHO KOpOTKHH, ' BOpOHKoo6pa3-
Ymuasr paKosuua - auricula - s'I'o KO:>KHa5.I CKJia)J.Ka BOpOHK006pa3HOH <f>opMbI, B OCHOBe KO-
wpoii: .ne)!(HT s.naCTMtlecKHH xpsuq yuuiou paK08ttltbt cartilage am iculae
(p1:1c. 293). CBoeii cy:>KeHHOH tiaCThIO yIIIHaH paKOB1:1Ha HanpaBJieHa B CTOpoHy maepcTHSI irnpy:>KHoro CJiyxoBoro. n oxo,n:a, a cao6o,n:HhIM KOHU.OM o6pasyeT
n aep- HOCTb
HOCHT Ha3BaH1:1e
CilHHKH -
dorsum auriculae.
Cnepe,ll.H
OHa CBOHMH
JiaTepaJibHblM 1:1
Me)J.HaJihHblM
KpaSIMH orpaH1:1ti:1:1BaeT
Jia,n:beBH.llHOe
yrJiy6Jie HIJe,
HJIH JI3)J;h!O
seapha (4),
nepexon.Hra:yro
B paKuB1rny
y.xa concha
auriculae
- c
noJIOCThio
- cavum
conche. f1epe,n:H1:1H
Kpaii (2)
YIIIHOH
paKO BHHhl B6JIH31:1
caoero OCHOB3HH5.I
o6pasyeT 33BHTOK
- helix
- c
JJ:ByM}J HO:>K
K3MH crus
helieis
mediate
et laterale,
Me)K)l.y ROTOphlMH
npoxo,n:1:1T
ocTh 3aBHTKa -
Spina
helicis.
BHH3Y OT
K03eJIKa saBHTOK
OT)J.eJI5.leTC5.I
KOHU.eBOH
BbipesKOH - incissura terminalis (5). 3a)l;HHH Kpaii (3) yIIIHOH paKOBHHbIBHH3Y pa3JtBaHBaeTcH, o6pasy5.1 KpaeBoii RillKHhlH MetllotieK saccus cutaneus margi
nalis (y IlJIOT05.IJJ:HhlX). B OCHOBe ero Me,n:1:1aJihHOro Kpa5.1 J,Ie:>K1:1T K03eJIOK ---'
tragus (9), a JiaTepaJihHoro - npornBoKoae.noK - antitragus (9'); Me:>K.ll HHMH
-
1:1 HMeeTC5.I rJiy OKa5.1 Me:>KK03eJIKOBa5.I Bblpe3Ka - incissura intertragica. Y MecTa npuKpenJieH1:15.I yIIIaoii paKOBHHhl K xpmu,y Ha py:>KHoro CJiyxoaoro npoxo.n:a OT Hee OT)J.eJI5.leTC5.I .llJIHHHblH IIIHJIOBH.llHblH 0 oc-
. y ·
eus ;
B.llOJih
Hero npoxo,n:HT
BHYTPeHH1:1ii YIIIHOH
Hepa (8).
DcHOBaH1:1e yIIIHOH
paKOBHHhI
noKOHTC5.I Ha
:>KHpOBOM TeJie
paKOBHHhl -
corpus adiposum
auriculare,
o6ecnetI1:1Baroru.eM ee
no,n:BH:>KHOCTh.
Ko:>Ka yurnoii paKOBHHhl noKphITa KopoTKHMH aoJI0CaM1:1, KOTOphle HMeIOT
·60JibIIIYIO )J.JIHHY, B Jia,n:beBJ:l.llHOH HMKe, yKopati:1:1BalO IIJ,l:IMHC5.I no HanpaBJie HHIO K 33BHTKy. 0,n:HOBpeMeHHO B KO:>Ke yBeJIHlIHBaeTCH KOJIHti:ecTBO )KeJie3
YIIIHOH cMa3KH - gl. ceruminosa. . ·
Y co6aK1:1 YIIIHaH paKoB1:1Ha HMeeT aHatI1:1TeJihHble paaJI1:1tI1:15.I KaK no Be.n1:1- lIHHe, TaK 1:1 ·no <flopMe (nopo,n:Hhle oco6eHHOCTH). y CBl:IHbl:I paKOBHHa KpynHa5.I, yIIIHaH ru.e.nh o6paru.eHa HecKOJihKO anepe.n: 1:1 Hapy:>Ky; nepe,11;1:1ii Kpaii yToJiru.eH,
498
a 3a.n;H1:1ii 1:1Meet MOti:Ky .<cepeKy). PaKoB1:1Iia y pa3Hhlx nopo.n :>KHBOTHhIX TO CWH'I' uTBecao, 10 ouymeaa. Y Kpyuaoro pora1oro cKora ymaaH paKOOMHa m11- poKa.s:I, Cl:IJibHO HaKJIOHeHa B CTOpOHy; yurna.s:I lll,e.Jlb o6urnpHa5I, HanpaBJieHa Bnepe.n; 3a.l(Hl:IH KpaH paKOBl:!Hbl Cl:IJibHO BbIIlYKJiblH. y JIOIIIa.l(l:I yurna.s:I paKOBl:l Ha OTHOCl:!TeJlbHO JtJil:IHHa.s:I, BopORK006pa3Ra.s:I, c XOpOIIIO B@palKeHROH BepxyIII- KOH. YIIIHa.s:I w.e.nh cpaBHHTe.JlhHO Y3Ka.s:I; nepe.n;H1:1ii 1:1· 3a.l(HHH Kpa.s:I BhmyKJible. Mb!IUIJ.bl yIUeou paKOBHHbl MHoroti:1:1CJieHHbl (cM. MbIIIIU.bl roJIOBbI) 1:1 CHJih-
HO pa3Bl:!Tbl. Do MeCTy 3aKpenJieHH5I OHi:! MOryT 6b1Tb CBe.l(eHbl B Tpl:I rpynn·bl. 0.n;Ha 1:13 HHX B cyMMe cpopM1:1pyeT Hanp.s:IraTeJih xp.s:Im.eBoro m1:1TKa, pacno JIO:>KeHHOro Bnepe.n1:1 yIIIHOH paKOBHHbl. MbIIIIIJ,bl .n;pyroH rpynnhl no.n;xo.n;.s:IT K YIIIHOl:I paKOBHHe HJil:I co lll,HTKa, l:IJil:I Henocpe.n;cTBeHHO c tiepena; OHi:! caMble MOlll,Hhle 1:1 o6ecneti:1:1Ba10T Bee pa3Hoo6pa31:1e .n;B1:1:>KeH1:1ii paKOBHHbl. Mb IIIU.bl TPeTheH rpynnhl caMble cJia6ble 1:1 Bceu.eJio pacnoJiaraIDTc.s:I Ha YIIIHOH paKOB1:1He
· (p1:1c. 294).
C p e ll. H e e y x o - auris media - npe.LtcTaBJieHo 6apa6aHHoH'. noJIO CThIO - cavum tympani, OT.n;eJieHHOH OT Hapy:>KHoro yxa 6apa6aHHOii nepenoH-
KOH. B noJIOCTH 1:1Me10TC5I TPH CJiyxoBhie KocToti:K1:1 c 1:1x MhIIIIU.aM1:1 1:1 CB.s:IaKaM1:1.
Bee OHH 5IBJI5IIOTC5I BcnoMoraTe.JJhHblMH opraHaM1:1 aKycT1:1ti:ecKoro peu.enTopa (pHC. 295, 296).
6apa6aeHast noJJOCTh - cavum tympani - Haxo.n;1:1TC5I B 6apa6aHHOH ti:ac TH KaMeHl:ICTOH KOCTl:I. Ha ee Me.n;1:1aJibHOH, HJil:I Jia61:1p1:1HTHOH, CTeHKe - paries
.labyrinticus - pacnoJio:>KeHbl oKHo npeMBep1:15I fenestra vestibuli, aaKpbI roe CTpeMeti:KOM, H OKHO YJIHTKl:I - fenestra cochleae, 3aKpbITOe BHyTpeHHeH, 1:1JI1:1 BTop1:1ti:HOH, 6apa6aHHOH nepenoHKOH - membrana tympani secundi. Me:>K.n;y H1:1M1:1 pacnoJiaraeTc.s:I MblC - promontorium. Ha nepe.n;HeH, HJIH cOHHOH,
499
paBHOBeCHll: .
1 aurieul a; 2 meatus acusticus ex lei nus; 3 - memhrana tympani; 4· - malleus; 5 - incus; 6 - m. stapedius; 7 -stapes; 8 - ductus semicirculares; · 9 utriculus; 9' maculae utncuh; 10 ductus endol ympha· ticus, saccus endol ymphati.!=us; 11 - saccul us et macul a sacculi; 12 - cupula; 13 -duct us perilymphatic_us; 13' duct us cochlearis; 14 scal a tympani; 15 - scala vestibuli; 16 - ca nalicul us cochleae; 17 - fenestra cochleae; 18 - promontorium; 19 - canalis musculotub arius (semieanaJis tubae auditiv ae); 2fJ OS lenticulare; 21 - m. tensor tympani; 22 -ca·
vum tympani.
pe: MOJIOTOti:eK, HaKoBaJibH.s:I, ti:e- 'l@BHll;@OopaaHaSI KOCTOti.lrn M crpe Meti:KO.
Mo;wmotteK
-
malleus
(4)
-
nMeeT FOJiOB1cy, wei'IKy M pyKoflT- KY. foJIOBKa HanpaBJJeHa JlOpca JihHO, . HeceT cycTaBHyIO noBepx· HOCTb ;lJ.JiflI'li'tKOBaJihHR. PyKuSI'l'Ka Hanpa.BJieHa B 6apa6aHHYIO nepe noHKY OT ee u.eHTpa .no nepmpe pMn R, KpuMe TOI u, yRpenJieHa K
cTeHKe cneu.1:1aJibHOH CB.s:I3KOH .. K
cneu.1:1aJibHOMY MblIIIe'IH<)My OTpO- C'IKY ·PYKU5ITKH np1:1KpenJIHeTC5.I
Hanp.s:IraTeJib 6apa6aHHOH nepe
noHKH - m. tensor i tympani (21), KOTOphlii, 3aKpenJI5.15ICb y BXO,L{a B KOCT· nym CJiYXOB:Y lO rpy6y, HaupHiaer 6apa6aHHYIO nepenOHKy, yMeHbIIIaeT pa3MaX
·ee KOJie6aH1:1li 1:1 TeM caMhlM iIOBhlIIIa OCTPOTY · CJiyxa.
Ha HaKOBa/lbHe -incus (5) - pa3JI1:1qaroT TeJIO 1:1 .nBe HO:>KKH. TeJio HaKo- BaJibIU1 eoe;11;nH.s:Ie1cH cycrnBoM c roJioBKOH'MOJIOTOti:Ka. KopoTKa.s:I no:>KKa npH KpenJiena CB5I3KOH K CTeHKe 6apa6alino:H IlOJIOCTl:I, a )J.Jil:IHHaH HO:>KKa nepeXO)J.HT
B
qeqeBHu.eo6pa3HblH
OTPOCTOK
-
proc.
lenticularis,
coe)J.1:1H5.leTCH
c
CTaBOM
' '
1:1 5I
3)1.ecb
oti:eHb
Ma.nenhKYIO
ttette8Uo6pasHy10
KOCmO'iKY
-
-OS. lenticulare (20), Bb!Il0JIH5IIOUJ,YIO pOJib MeHl:ICKa.
CmpeM!f. - stapes (7) - COCTOl:IT 1:13 rOJIOBKH - ca ut Sta edis ' ocnoBa-
-
asis
s
ape
1s,
coe)J.1:1Hennblx
Me:>K.ZI:Y
co6oii
pocTpaJihHOH
1:1
Kay.naJihHOH
HO:>KKaM1:1
-
crus
ros'trale
et
caudale.
fOJIOBKOH
cTpeMeti:Ko
coe)J.Hn.s:IeTC.s:I
c
Ha·
KOBaJibneii,
a
no..-no:>KKoii
3aKphlBaeT
OKno
np<:i.ll.llBepH.s:I.
K
IIIeiiKe
crpeMeti:Ka
np1:1KpenJI.s:IeTC.s:I
cTpeMeanaH
MhlIIIr(a m.
stape,dius
(6).
Ona
nati:1:1HaeTCH
.OKOJ10
-OKna YJIHTKH, HanpHraeT cTpeMe'IKO, oCJia6JI.s:IeT KOJie6an1:1.s:I B u.enH CJiyxoBblX
KOCTOti:eK 1:1 CHJIY 3ByKa. CJiyxoeasr Tpy6a - tuba auditiva (19) - npoxo)J.1:1T B.llOJib MhIIIIe'lnoro
<>TPOCTKa KaMencToii Kocrn .llO noJiocrn rJIOTKH. Ona cnoco6cTByeT BhlpaBnn BaHHIO )laBJien1:15.1 B03.llyxa BHYTPH 6apa6anHoii I10J10CTH c aHeIIIHHM.
y co6aK1:1 6apa6aHHa5I IlOJIOCTb 60JiblllaH, c rJia.l{Kl:IMH CTeHKaMH. CJiyxoBble
KOCTOti:K1:1 KpynHee, 'leM y .npyr11x 2KHBOTHblX. CJiyxoahle TPY6hl .lJ.OBOJibHO .llJIHH HbI,e. y CBl:!Hbl:I 1:1 KpynHoro poraToro CKOTa 6apa6aHHaH IlOJIOCTb He60Jibllla5I; coo6w,aeTC5I c KOCTHbIMl:I IlOJIOCT5IMl:I 6apa6aHHOB qaCTH KaMeHHCTOH KOCTl:I.
Cnyxoahle KocTOti:KH KupoTK1:1e, TOJICTble, eJiyxoaa.s:I TPY6a 'faK21<e KupOTKaH. Y MeJIKHx :>KBa'IHhlx 6apa6aHHaH noJIOCTb o6III1:1pHaH H c rJia)J.KHMH cTeHKaM1:1. Y JIOIIIa)J.1:1 6apa6aHna.s:I nOJIOCTh )lOBOJihHO 6oJihIIIa.s:I. BoKpyr 6apa6annoro
I
.500
5" - crus longum; 6 .....'.. fenestra cochleae; 7 -' stapes et os lenticlare; 8 - canales· semicirculares ossei; lf' - HX oTsepcTHll B n peJUIBepHe; 9 - foramen singulare; JO - n. vestieulocochlearis; 11 - lamina spiralis ossea; 12 - cupula cochleae; 13 - duct us coch
J earis, 13' organum sph ale, 14 scala ty m pani, 15 · scala vesti buli, 16 modio-
!us; 17 -ganglion spir;;1le.
ROJIEu.a pacnOJimKeRhl .HqeliK1:1 cellulae tympanicae. CJiyxoBa5.I Tpy6a co- CTOHT 1:13 KOpOTKOH KOCTHOH 1:1 oqeHb .l(Jil:IHHOH (.no 10-12 CM) xpHOJ.eBOH qacrn.
IlOCJie)f.H5.15.I o6pa30BaHa cornyTOH nonoJiaM. Xp5.1lll,eBOH nJiaCTl:IHKOH (TOJllll,l:IHOH
.u.o 2-3 MM). O:!yxosa5.1 TPY6a 60JihIIIOH lll,eJihJO coe.u.1:1HHeTCH c Boa,nyxoHOCHhI
MeIIIK@M, KOTOpblR y JIOIIIa.l(l:I o6pa30BaH Bblil5.lql:!BaH1:1eM CJI1:131:1CTOH 060JioqK1:1
CJiyxeaoii TPY6bl. OH noMelll,aeTc5.I MeJK.U.Y ocH0BaH1:1eM qepena, rJIOTKOH 1:1 ropTa- HhIO. Me.1.1:1aJihHO cTeHKH npaBoro H JieBoro Bos.u.yxoHOCHhIX Meuns:os conp1:1- KacaIGTCSI ,1.pyr c .n;pyroM. JlaTepaJibHO B03.U.YXOHOCHblH MeIIIOK np1:1Kpb!T OKOJIO YIIIH9H :>KeJiesoi1 1:1 Kpb!JIOBOH MhlIIIU.eii. Ilo,n'b5.13hiqHoi1 KOCTbIO Ka:>K).l.blH I;1eIIIOK no.n;pa3)leJij[C'fC5.I Ha MeHbIIIYIO JiaTepaJibHYIO 1:1 66JihIIIy10 Me.u.1:1aJihHy10 qacrn. B H y T p e H H e e y x o - auris intern.a - cocro1:1T 1:13 KOCTHoro 1:1 ne
penoHqaToro Jia61:1p1:1HTOB.
. l(ocTHWH na6upnHT -:--- labyrinthus osseus - pacnoJio:>KeH B KaMeH1:1cToii qacrn BHcoqHoH KOCTl:I. B HeM pa3JI1:1qa10T Tpl:I OT).l.eJia - npe.n.u.sep1:1e, IlOJiy-
. Kpy:>KHble KoCTHhie KaH3JibI 1:1 Kocrny10 yJI1:1TKy (p1:1c. 296). '
!JpeiJiJpue _. vestibulum - IIIapOBH).l.Ha5.I IlOJIOCTb .u.1:1aMOM .no 5 MM.
B Me;i;1:1aJibHOii ee CTeHKe Haxo.u.1:1TCH nep¢op1:1poBaHHOe .n;Ho BHyTpeHHero cJiy
xosor• npoxona, qepe3 KOTopoe npoxo.n;1:1T CJiyxosoii Heps. B JiaTepaJibHOii cTeH- Ke Haxo.n;HTC5.I OKHO npe.n.u.Bep1:1SI - fenestra .· vestibuli, 3aKpb!Toe CTPeMeqKoM
(7) co cropoHbI6apa6aHHOH no.(locrn. B Kay.n.aJihHOH cTeHKe pacnoJio:>KeHbI qe
rape OTBepcnrn Tpex KocTHhIX no.uyKpy>KHhIX KaHanos (8) B pocTpa UbHOH cxea-
Ke Haq1:1HaeTC5.I KaHaJI KOCTHOH yJI1:1TKH, a pocTPOBeHTpaJihHO OT Hero - so.no- . nposo.n; npe,usep1rn - aqueductus vestibuli;HanpaBJI5.IIOlll.HHC5.I Ha Me.n;1:1aJib- ay10 nosepxHOCTh KaMeHHCTOH t1acT1:1 s1:1coqHoii Koc1-1:1. · ·
Tp1:1 Kocmnbtx nollyKpy{)ICHbtX KaHa/la - canales semicirculares ossei - J.IeJKaT .nopcoKay.U.aJibHO OT npe.n.u.sep1:15.I, ·1:13 HHX JiaTepaJibHbl H - B fOJ?l:l30H TaJibHOH, .u.opcaJibHblH - B car1:1TTaJibHOH 1:1 Kay,naJibHblH - B cerMeIITaJlbHOH IlJIOCKOCTl:I. . . .
KocmfiaR yAumKa - cochlea (E) - JieJKHT pocTPOBeHTpaJibHO OT npe.n
.u.sep1:15.I. B Heii_ pa3JI1:1qa10T CTep:>KeHh YJIHTKH - modiolus (16) - co cn1:1paJih-
501
HhIM KaHaJIOM CTep:>Kmr - canalis spiralis modioli, KOTOpbiii o6paayeT soi<pyr OCH OT I 1I2 .l{O 5 3aBHTKOB (y co6aKH 3 3aBHTKa, y CBHHhH 4, y :>KBati:HhIX
3 1/ 2 II y JIOIIIa.l{H 2 1/2). OcHosaHHe ocH YJIHTKH HanpaBJieHo Me.l{H8JihHO, K
nep¢opHpOBaHHOMY .l{Hy BHyTpeHHero cJiyxosoro npoxo.l{a. 0Ho TaK>Ke CHTO
o6pa3HO
npo.l{hip5.1BJieHo.
BepIII1:1Ha
crep:>KH5.I
YJIHTKH,
HJIH
KynoJI
YJIHTKH
-
cupula
cochleae
(12),
o6pameHa
JiaTepaJibHO
K
promontorium
Ha
cTeHKe
6apa-
6aHHoii:
noJIOCTH.
Ha
OCH
Jie:>KHT
KOCTHaH
cnH
aJibHa5.I -
·
. · , a aHti:HBaIOIII,a5.lt5.I no.l{ KynoJIOM YJIHTKH KpIOti:KOM - hamu-
1us
laminae
spiralis.
B
OCHOBaHHH
cnHpaJihHOH
nJiaCTHHKH
Jie:>KHT
crmpaJihHbIH
raHrJIHH
yJIHTKH
-
gn.
spirale
cochl
eae
17
.
5.1
nJiacnrnKa
no.l{pa3.l{eJI5IeT
cnHpaJihHhIH
KaHaJI
Y.JIHTKH
-
ca
.nalis
spiralis
cochleae
-
Ha
.l{Ba
OT.l{eJia:
Jiecrnm1.y
npeMBepH5I
-
scala
vesti
buli
(15),
KOT0pa5.1
Hati:1:1HaeTC5.I
H3
TI
e B
. pam ,
Hati:HHa10uw10c51
OKHOM
yJIHTKH
-
fenestra
cochleae
(6)
-
H3
6apa6aHHOH
noJIOCTH.
Bapa6aHHa5I
JieCTHHu.a
Jie:>KHT
6JIH:>Ke
K
ocHoBaHHIO
OCH
yJIHTKH,
T.
e.
Me.l{1:1aJibHO.
BJIH3
OKHa
H
1:1
-
aque
uc
us
cochleae,
HanpaBJI5IIOIII.HHC5.I
TaK:>Ke
Ha
Me,ll,HaJihHYIO
nosepxHOCTb
KaMeHHCTOH
tJaCTH
BHCOti:HOH
KOCTH.
06e
JiecTHHIJ.bl
no.ii.
KynOJIOM
nepexo.l{5IT
O.l{Ha
B
,ll,pyry10,
TaK
KaK
cn1:1pa
IlbHaSI
nJiacnnrna
saKaHtl'.11Bae1c»
KpIOti:KOM.
IlepenoHqaThlH JJa6upnHT - labyrinthus membranaceus - cocTOHT H3 OBaJibHOro MeIIIOti:Ka c TpeM5.I nepenOHYaTh!Mli nOJiyKpyLimhIMH KaHaJI3Ml1, Kpyr- JIOro MeIIIOti:Ka c nepenoHti:aTbIM KaHaJIOM YJIHTKH H 3ll(t0JIHM¢aTHti:ecKoro npo TOKa. OsaJibHhIH MeIIIoti:eK c noJiyKpy:>KHbIMH KaHaJiaMH H KpyrJihIH MeIIIoti:eK OTHOC5.ITC5.I K secT1:16yJI5IpHOMY (pasaoaecHoMy) annapary, a yJIHIKa K aKy- CTHti:eCKOMY (CJiyxoBoMy).
0BaJLbHbtU 1tteULotteK , HJIH MamottKa - utriculus (pHc. 295-9), norpY:>KeH
B cneUHaJihHYIO 5.IMKY npemwep1rn: J1g Hero BhIXO;ll;HT TPH nepenoati:aTbIX noJiy-
KPY:>KHh X KaHaJia - ductus semicircularis (8), KOTOpb1e Jiex<aT B KOCTHhIX noJiyKpy:>KHhIX KaHaJiax. Ha rpaH1:1u.e c osaJibHhIM MeIIIOti:KOM Ka:>K.l{hiii nOJiy
KPY:>KHh H KaHaJI o6pa3yPT nepenoH1IaThle aMHy Jil>I ampulae membranaceae.
Ha BHyTpeHHHX nosepxHocrnx aMnyJI HaXO.Ll5.llfC5I rpe6H1:1 noJiyJiyHHOH <iJopMbI
crista ampularis, noKpbIThre HeiiposnHreJrneM. B MaTOti:Ke H KpyrnoM MeIIIoti:Ke HMeIOTC5I TaKOro me cxpoeimsi: paBnoneenble mi1na maculae, Ho c reM OTJIHti:HeM,
ti:TO, nOMHMO Hefipo3nHTeJIH5.I, B HHX CO.l{ep:>KaTC5I CTaTOKOHHH - statoconia -
B BH.l{e MeJihti:aHIIIHX KpHCTaJIJIHKOB. HeliposnHTeJIHH paBHoBeCHblX rpe6eIIIKOB H n5ITeH 5tBUHeTC5! SOC'I'H6yJrnp11bIM penemopOM, socnpHHHMaIOIII.HM ,L{BH:>KeH1:1e
H H3MeHeHH5I B nOJIO:>KeHHH fOJIOBbl, .CB5I3aHHhie c omymeHHeM paBHOBecH5I.
-
Kpy2/lbttl MeULOtteK - sacculus (11) - TaIOKe Haxo.l{HTC5.I B n eMBe HH. OH u • u HHHTeJihHhlM npoToKoM - ductus reuniens. · YJIHTKOBhiii npoTOK - ductus cochlearis - npe.l{cTaBJI5.leT co6oii:
Tpy6Ky
c
.l{BYM5.I
3aMKHYTblMH
KOHIJ.aMH.
0.l{HH
KOHeu.
-
CJienoe
Bb!Il5.llIHBaH
-
- a nOJiaraeTCH B npe.l{.l{BepHR 6JIH3 Kpyr-
JIOr<?
MeIIIoti:Ka,
a
.l{pyrofi
CJienoe.
Bhin5Iti:HBaH1:1e
KynoJia
-
caecum
cupu
lare no.l{ KynoJIOM yJIHTKH.
Oep@ROIIti:B'fhltI KaHaJI yJIH1KH cpacTaeTCH CBOeH BHeIIIHeii: CTeHKOH CO CTeHKOH KOCTHOfO KaHaJia YJIHTKH, a BHyrpeHHHM KpaeM -;- co cnHpaJibHOH KOCTHOH nJiaCTHHKOH, BCJie,L{CTBHe ti:ero Ha nonepeti:HOM a3 e3e Ka
aCTb
CTeHKH,
o6pameHHa5I
K
6apa6aHHOH
JIT
HHU.e
(T.
e.
Me,L{HaJibHO),
Ha3blBaeTC5I
OCHOBHOH
nJiaCTHHkOH
-
lamina
basilaris.
Ha
Heii
pacno.ilaraerc5I
cnHpaJibHhIH
(KopTHeB)
opraH
-
organum
spirale,
5.IBJI5.llOllf.HHC5I
CJIYXOBbIM
peu.enTOpOM,
BOcnpHHHMalOIII.HM
3BYKOBbie
KOJie6aHH5.I.
DpoTHBOnoJIO:>KHa5.I CTeHKa, o6pameHHa5I K JiecTHHU.e npeMBepH5I, Ha3bIBaeT<:H npeMBepHH creHKoii yJI1:1TKosoro npoTOKa - paries vestibularis ductus cochle aris, s. membrana vestibularis.
3HiJOAUM<fJamuttecKuu npomoK .,. ductus endolymphaticus (10) -coo6-
maeTC5.I c MaTOti:KOH H KpyrJihIM MeIIIOti:KOM, npOXO,L{HT no BO.l{OnpOBO.l{y rrpe,L{
.l{Bepm1 Ha Me,L{HaJibHYIO nosepXHOCTb KaMeHHCTOH ti:aCTH BHCOti:HOH KOCTH H.
502
s.n:ech pacIImp.HeTCH B BH,n:e SHJJ:OJIHM<flaTHqecKoro MellloqKa - saccus enao
lymphaticus - .n:mrnoii ,n:o IO MM 1:1 IlIHp1rnoii .n:o 2 MM. OH Jie:>KHT Me:>KAY JIHCT- . KaMH TBep)f.OH M03rOBOH o6oJIOqKH. <f>yHKU:H5.I MellloqKa saKJnoqaeTC.H B nepe- I
,n:aqe BHYTPHqepenHoro ,n:aBJieHH5.I qepes SHJJ:OJIHM<fly Ha secT06yJIHpHhlii · annapaT, B pesyJihTaTe qero npOHCXOJJ:.HT TOpMO:>KeHHe cocy,n:HCTbl X u:eHTpOB H CHH)l{eHHe &HyTpHqepenHOro ,naBJieHH.H.
Bech nepenoHqaThlH Jia611p11HT sanoJIHeH SH.ZJ:O.JIHM<floii, a nep11JI11M<flaTHqe
CKOe npoctpaHCTBO Me:>K11y nepenoHqaTh M Jia6HpHHTOM H CTeHKaMH KOCTHOro· Jia6HpHHTa - n'epHJIHM<fJOH. f1epHJIHMcpaTHqecKoe npOCTpaHCTBO qepes so.n:o nposo.n: YJIHTKH H so,n:onposo,n npe.n:.n:sepH.H coo6ru:aeTC5.I c cy6apaxH00,n:aJibHblM
npocTpaHCTBOM ro.uOBHOro Moara
OPOBO,lUI W:HE UYTH, m'>,nKOPKOBblE H KOPKOBblE