Ilo.11.Kj1io'ih•rnasr ap,Tepasr

Do.nKJIIO'lffitIHaH apTepHH - a. subclavia -·oTHoc TCH K napHhlM cocy.naM, OT KOTOpbIX 6epyT HaqaJio Bee OCHOBHhle, MarHCTpaJibHhle apTepHH llleH,. rpy.n-

8. bIX KOHeqHOCTeH H. qacTR.qHo rpy.nHoH CTeHKH- (pHc. 205, 206-2). ( .

IlO.llKJIIOqHqHaH npaBBH .apTepHH - a. subclavia .dextra - CJIYJKHT npo­

){OJDKeHHeM IlJleqeroJIOBHoro. CTBOJili, B TO BpeMH KaK JieBaH - a. subclavia sinistra - y co6aKH H CBHHbH OTXO.llHT Henocpe.ncTBeHHO OT .nyrH aopTbI (1), y poraTOro CKOTa H JIOlllaJIH OT n.neqemJJQBHOfO CTBOJia (19). Km1e}laH mm- KJIIOqlfqHaH aprepHH no Bwm.ne Ha • rpy.nHoii noJI.OCTH qepes apertura thoracis cranialis orH6aeT cnepe.nH nepBoe pe6po H, noBepHyB KaY.llOBeHTpaJibHo, Ha­

. npaBmieTCH B cso(So11HbIH oT.nf.n rpy.neoii KOHequocrn. OT ao.a;1m10'11ttIHOH apre-

pHH OTXO)J.HT nHTb apTepHH. · · ,

IloosouequaH apyepasr - a. vertebralis (3) caMaH KpynHaH 3TOH rpyn- nhl apTepHH y coOaKH Olia OTXO,IU{T IIepBbIM CTBOJIOM, y JIOllla;!W: 'Ipern11M. IlOCJ e pe6epHOllleHH,OfO CTBOJia H rJiyOoKOH rneri noii a y CBHHbH H JKBallHblX - BMeCTe c pe6epHOllleHHbIM CTBOJIOM H rnyookoii llleHHOH apTepHeii. '

. DosBQHOYHiHIaprep1u1,·oroli;{H OT IlO;B;lfJIIOlfHtfHOH MJIM 01 96me10' CTBOJia,

BXO)J;HT B Il03BOHoqHblH KaHaJI H .lleJIHTCH Ha Oopcd.ilbH.ble u eentnpaJlbHble apme- puu - a spinalis dorsalis et. ventralis. . ·

B KphlJiosoii HMKe arJiaH'ffl noss0Ho11Ha11 ap1epm1 aHaCTOM03HpyeT c BeTBblO

3aTblJIQqHoH apTepHH H npOXOJl.HT qepe3 KpbIJIOBoe, a 31;1'reM qepeg MeJKil03BOHOll­

Hoe OTBPCTHe aTJiaHTa B IlOSBOHQqHbIH KaHaJI, o6pasyH BMecre c O.llHOHMeHHOH ' apTepnei1 .apyroif eTopoHbl <x:Hoong10 apniepwo a. basil!'lrts. Or. a. bastlans .

HJleT .Kayi>a,;ztJnaJL MOWCet/,l\,060,R, - a. cerebelli caudalis - H sersif K Mosro­

BoMy MOCTY - rr. ad pontum, a y JKBalJHblX, CBHHbH H JIOllla)J;H, KpoMe Toro; n BeTBb K Mt6upttnmy a. labytinthi. , ..

y iKBaqHblX Il03BOlioqHaH apTepHH Me)l{.lly 3-M llleHHblM H oceBbIM Il03BQH­

KaMH OT)J;aeT BeTBb, KOTOpaH coe)J;HHHeTCH. c Mblll(MKOBOH apTepHeH ll B IlOJIOCTH llepena y11acrnye1 B o6pa3dBaHRH Ray)J;aJibHoif 3DH.lJ.ypaJibH<?H qy.llecHoii ceTH rete · mirabile epidurale caudalis. TioCJie oTxoJK.neHHH coeJlHHHTeJibHoii TBH

Il03BOH011HaH a(>TepHH npo)J;OJIJKaeTCH KaK HUCxoORUJ/1R Bel1l8b - r. descendens. paase IBJISIRJIL(8>IC>I B i'JIYOOKHX MbllllU:ax ,aaTbIJIOqHoii: o6JiaCTH. y CBHI{bH BeTBb,

npo:xo.nHmaH qeps 6oKoaoe oTBepcTHe aTJiaHTa, coe.llHHHeT Kay,naJibHyro 3nR­

AypaJI:bHyro llY.llHYIO .ceTb, a ee npO)J;OJIJKeHHe .BMecte c O)J.HOHMeHHOH a Te Heii

v o asyeT asHJIHPHYIO apTepmo.

Pe6epuomeiiHhlii cTBOJJ - truncus costocervicalis (6) -CJIYJKflT Ha11anoM

nepaeii:llleii MeiKpetSepHoif H ,!!;OpcaJibHoii JionaTOqHoii a Te Hii. OH M - OT IlO.llKJIIOqHqHOH apTepHH BMecTe t tJ1y6oKOH meii:HOH (nJIOTOSl)l;Hble),

BMeCTe c rnyooKOH llleHHOH H,Il03BOHOllHOH (CBHHbH, JKBaqHble) HJIH iiepaoii caMO·

CTOHTeJJbHOH BeTBbl9 (JI01IlaJlb).

1. CaMast . sepxnstst Mpe6epuaH apTepasr - a. inter ostalis suprema (pHc. 206-8) -SIB.IIHeTCH o6IU,MM CTijOJIOM .llJIH 11-V (JIOlllaJlb), 111...:_v (CBHHbH), 1-11(111) JKBallHble iJo '00/lbflblX .M . • m ercos a es orsa esI-V. Y cBHHbH IMepe6epHaH .llOpcaJibHaH apTepHH c npaaoii cTOpOHbl oTXO.llHT OT· a. vertebralis, a c JieBOii - OT A. cervicalis, pro­ funda. II l')feJKpe6epHaH .)J;opcaJibHaR apTepHH y HHX KaK cnpasa, TaK H CJl,eBa OTXOJlHT oT a. scapularis dorsalis. Y co6aKH I MeJKpe6epHaH .nopcaJibHaH apTepHH OTXOJlHT OT pe6epHollleiiHoro CTBOJia, II H III- OT 2pyiJxor1 no380HOttNOU apmepuu - a. vertebralis thoracica ( y KOWKH - OT .i.intercostalis suprema). ·

15. T KaiK)J;OH MeJJ<pe6epHOH apTepHH OTXO)UfT iJdpcaAbHaJl Bemeb -r. dorsalis - B MbllllU:bl Il03BOHOqHoro CTOJI6a H CflUHH.O.M03208aR BetrµJb -r. spinalis, BXO.llH­ m;aH B Il03BQHOqHblH KaHaJI .llJIH KpoaocHa:,()JKeHH-H CUHHHoro Mosra•

. 2. ,ll;opcaJJbHasr JJODaT()llHflSI apTePHSI. - a; scapulai:"i's dorsalis (pHc. 206-

7. - np.oxo,nwT y .JKaaqHblX, · co6aKH ,anepe,nH 1-ro, a y CBHHbH JIOllla.+J.H

345

nooa)l.H 2-ro pe6pa H Hanpaam1eTCH Jl.OpCa.JibHO, paaseTBJISISICb B MbllllU:aX XOJIKH.

3. fn16oKasr meiiHasr apTepasr - a. cervicalis profunda (5) -OTXOJl.HT OT nO)l.KJllOt{Ht{HOH apTepHH HJJH caMOCTOHTeJih HO - BTopoii BeTBhlO nocJie pe- 6epHOllleHHoro CTBOJia (JIOllla)l.h), HJIH BMecTe c pe6epHOlllHHbIM CTBOJIOM (nJJOTO­

. H)l.Hble), HfIH BMecTe c pe6epHOllleHHblM CTBOJJOM H no3BOHOt{HOH aprepue:H (cBHHbSI, JKBat{Hbie). 113 rpy)l.HOH nOJIOCTH OHa BbIXO)l.HT no3a)l.Hl-ro pe6pa (y JKBatlHbIX Bnepe)l.H Hero), H, paa:seTBJIHHCb, HanpaBJJH€TCSI KpaHHaJibHO K 3aTbl­ J!OtlHOH o6JiaCTH, rne CBOHMH Kf>HeYHblMR seTIHIMH aHaCTOM03HpyeT c H03BOil0ll HOH H 3aThIJIOt1HOH an_TepHHMH. : . ·

y JIOllla)l.H (a y CBHHbH TOJibK'o CJieBa) OT Hee OTXOJlHT 1-H JI.OpcaJJbHaSI MeJK­ pe6epHaSI aprepHH

• 4. nosepxuocTHast weiiuasr apTepasr -c- a. cervicalis superficialis (9) -

OTXOJlHT OT nO]lKJilOt{Ht{HOH apTepuH Ha ypoBHe '1-ro pe6pa H )l.eJJHTCH Ha cJte­ nyIOI1me BeTBH' flQCWdfltljyW r. descendens (11), pasBeTBJU IOm;yIOCH 13 MDllll-

uax, pacnOJtoJKeHHblX BeHTPaJihHee TPaXeH; npe0Aonamottny10 - a. prescapu-. laris - B noaepXHOTHblX Mblllluax H . KOJKe npe]lJIOilaTOt{HOH H JIOnaTOtlHOH

o6JiacTeii; aKpOMUaAl1HYIO r. acromialis B Hpe;ZJ;OCTHOM, 3aOC1HOH H w;ei'I-

HOH qacrnx BeHTPaJibHOH ay6t1aTOH MblllIUhI(y co6aKH, CBHHbH).

Y co6aKH H JIOlll8JlH HMeeTCH, KpoMe Toro, oeAbmoeuonaR eemeb - r. del­ toideus, KOTopa11 · npoxo,a;HT B Jia·repaJihHOM rpy;n;HoM :lKeJio6e H conpostmmaeT

v. cephal ica. B OTJIHt1He. OT Bcex JKHBOTHbIX y co6aKu OT noaepXHOCTHo:H llleiiHoii apTepHH OTXOJlHT HaOAonamottHClJl apmepuR - a. suprascapularis, KOTopaH conpOBmK;ll,aeT O;ltHOHMeHHbIM Hep13.

y KpynHoro poraToro CKOTa OHa Ha3blBaeTCH BeTBblO, TaK KaK' HCTHHHaSI apTepHSI, conpoBO)K)l.aIOijl.aSIC.SI Ha]lJIOnaTOtlHOH BeTBblO, y HHX HallHHaeTCSI OT

OJtMbillletIHOii aprep1rn. ·

y CBHHbH noaepxmx THaSI meiiHaH apTepHH OT nO)l.KJilOt{Ht{HOH apTep:uH Ha­ trnHaeTCSI TOJihKO c JieBOH CTOpOHbl, TaK Ka c npaBOH cropoHbl OHa SIBJJSleTCH BerBhIO w,umoauo1wmet1iw20 cmoOAa truncus thyrocerv1cahs, 6epymero

HaqaJio OT a. subclavia. lll.HTOBH)l.HOllleHHblH CTBOJI .)l.eJJHTCH Ha npaBylO Kay­

)l.aJibHYIO IUHTOBHJlHYIO apTepHIO, HanpaBJIHlOIUYlOCH KpaHHaJibHO K IUHTOBH)l.-

HOH :lKeJieae, H npasyro noBepXHOCTHYIO lllel:IHYIO, HMe10myio Te )Ke BeTBH, 11TO H JieBaH IlOBpXHOCTHaSI .!'.lle:HHaSI apTepHSI. .

5. BHyTpeHHSISI rpyJJ;H8H apTepHSI - a. thoracica intema 1 -OTXO)l.HT tlHtlHO apTepHH Ha ypOBHe -ro p pa, HanpaBJJHeTC Kay)l.aJibHO

no BHyTpeHHeif noaepxHoCTH rpyJlHHbl H pe6epHhIX xpHmeii, 6yJI.yqH npuKphI­

rnii .nonepet1Hoii rpyJlHOH Mbllllueif. OT Hee OTXPJlHT: n e H K a JJ; H a JI b- H JI. H a p a r M a JI b H a H a p T e p H H_ - a. pericardiacophrenica - )l.JJH OKOJiocep]letlHOH cyMKH ·H JlHa<jlparMbl; B e T B li 3 0 6 H 0 H )I{ e JI e 3 bl -:- rr.

thymici ; c p e JI. o c T e H H bl e B e T B H - rr. mediastinalis· n o 6 o a- lO m H e B e T B H - rr. perp orantes, OT KOTOpblX OTJleJJHlOTCH r p y Jl H H­

H hi e B e T B H -.rr. sternales, H B e H T p a JI b H hi e M e JK p e 6 e p H bl e

B e T B H - rr. intercostales ventrales - Han aBJJHIO uecH o caJih o B p epHbie npOMeJKYTKH . .

KoHet1HhIMH apTepHHMH. BHyTpeHHeii rpy/\HOH apTepHH HBJIHIOTCH: a) Mbl­ t.uettnooua.c/JpaeMaAbHaR .:.... a. musculophrenica (15), nOCbwruomaH BeTBH s Mf)K- pe6epHhle npoMeJKYTKH - rr. intercostales ventrales - H 8 )l.HacpparMy -

r. phrenicus; 6) KpaHUaAbHaR na0ttpeenaR apmepuR --.:. a. pigastrica cranialis

(16), OT)l.a10maS1 MeJKpe6epHble BeHTJ>aJibHble BeTBH (CBHHhSI, mBaYHble), BeTBu MOJIOt1HOH JKeJJeae - rr. mammarii (nJIOTOHJI.Hble, CBHHbH). CToCJie)l.HHH napa BeHTPaJihHblX MeJKpe6epHb1X BeTBeH, npOXO)l.HIUaSI B)l.OJib noCJie)l.Hero pe6pa, y CBHHhH H JKBatlHbIX Ha3hIBaeTCH eenmpll.(lbliOU pe6epno6p 10UlHOt1 8emBb10 -

r. costoabdominalis ventralis.

· Kay)l.aJihHO KpaHHliJihHaH HaJI.qpeaHaH apTepHH aHacTOMOOHpyer c BeTBSIMH Kay)l.aJibHOH Ha)l.t1peBHOH apTepHH, OTXO)l.SIIUe:H OT HapyJKHQH cpaMHOH apTepHH. 0T)l.aB BHy:rpeHHlOlO rpyJI.HYlO apTepu10, IlO)l.KJilQt{Ht{HaH apTepHSI noJiyt1aeT Ha3BaHlie nOOMbltuettHoa, HBJJSIIOm,e:Hcsr OCHOBHbIM HCTOllHHKOM KpOBOCHa6JKe-

HH.ff rpyJI.HOH KOHetlHOCTH.

346

PHc. 209. CxeMa passHTHH apTepHii: rpy,nHoii: KoHet1HoCTH

l nepBH•Uiaff K3HHJIJIHpIIaff ceTb B 33'13TKe KOHe'IHOCTH; !! saK.JlaJlKa ltJIEl'HlllOii: KOCTH H nnet1esoii. apTepHH; 111-VI - nocne.nosaTeJihHble cTa,nHH pasBHTHH·OCHOBHoii: MarncTpa­ JJH H ee OCHOBHblX KOJIJ13Tepaneii:; 1 -nne'leBaff a.; 2 -MeJKKOCTH3ff a.; 3 -cpe.nHHHaH a.; 4 -JJOKTeB3ff a.; 5 -n yqeBaff a.; 6 - n H<;TH ble H Il3Jl bUeBble a.

347"

QCHOBHhlX MarHCTpaJibHblX cocy.n;oB H HX OK9JlbHbIX nyreA. IlepBoeaqaJibHO npOHCXO.n;HT pa3BHTH:e npOKHMaJibHbj:X, a '3aTeM ,n:HCTaJibHbIX OT,n:eJIOB KOHeq­ HOCTeH,' qTQ OTpam:aeTCH H ea noCJie.n;oBaTeJibHOCTH <jlopMHpOBaHHH HX cocy-

.n;HCTOfO pyCJia (/ II-VI).

B .n;e<jlHH}iTl'fBHOM COCTOHH,HH .OCftOBHbIM 'HCTOqHHKOM KpOBOCHa6m:emtH

rpy.n;HOH KOHeqHOCTH CJIYJK:HT noiJM.btlllett1UlJl apmepuR, OT KOTOpOH otxo.l{HT Ma­ fHCTPaJibHble cocy.n;bl B o6JiaCTb nJI,eqeaoro noHca (no.n;JionaroqeaH apTepHH)

H cBo6o.neoto ot.zieJia KOHeqeocm (nJietfeBaH apTepHH). Ha npen.nJieqbe nJiet1e-

BaH apTepHH npo.n;OJIJK:aeTCH B cpe.n;HHHyIO, y KOTOpOH HMeIOTCH .nae KOJIJiaTepa­ JlH (JiyqeilaH H JI01neaaH). B o6JiacTH 3anHCTbH cpe.n;eHHaH apTepHSl H eeKOJI­

JiaTepaJI11o6pa3yIOT cocy.n;HCTYIO ceTb, H3 KOTopoii Bhrxon:srT n:opca n:i-ebre e naJib- MapHble apTepHH JIHCTH; .n;alOW.He HaqaJIO naJihU:eBbIM apTepHHM (pHC. 210).

B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THna .oaophl H cpyHKUHOHaJih HhlX ompaBJieHHH rpy.n;HbIX

KofieqeocTeii: GYJIYT MeHHTbCH .H ex Mopcf10Jiornt1ecKue ocooeeuocru KaK B KOCT-

• eoii: oceoae H !"fhllliuax, TaK H B cocy.n;HcToii clicTeMe. 0.n;HaKo, HecMOTPH ea 3Ha­ qHTeJibHhre pa3JIHqHH B .crene1m Bbipa2Keeeocrn OT.n;eJibHbIX Kpoaeeoclihlx cocy­ n.oa, o6urne npHHIIlilJhl HX pacnpe.n; eH!dH Ha 3BeHb51X KO_HeiIHOCTH coxpanHIOTCH.

.\

[[ oiJM.tJtme nllR apmepuR

flO)l.MblWe'IHCUI.apTepHSI - a. axillaris (26) - pacnOJiaraeTCH BMeCTe C o.n;HOHMeHHOH ·seeoii: ·Ha M'e.n;HaJlbHoii:· noaepxeoCTH IlJieqeooro cycTaaa. OT eee

OTX(),Zl,HT eecKOJibKO ' apTepuw. . '

• L HapYJKHast rpynuasr apTepusr - a. thoracica externa (poc. 206-17) -

KOpOTKHH cocy.zt.HCTbIH CTBOJI, KOTOpbIH pa3BeTBJIHeTCH B rpy.n;HblX MbllliUaX.

Y. IIJIOT05l)lllhIX H CBHIIbll napym:naH rpy;B;Hafl apTep1u1 noCJie 01xOJKJJ;eH0>1 aeTBefi K MI>IlliuaM npo.noJim:aeTCst kaK JiaTepaJibHaH rpy.n;ea>1 apTepH>1 - a. thpracica lateralis, conpoaom:.n;aH OJIH0HMeHHbIH eepB M oT.n;asaH 6oKOBble BeTBe K KmKe n MOJiolmoii amnese 1.1r. cuta:nei et rr. m.anlmarii laterales. B caMOM

eaqaJie OT Hapym:HoH rpy.n;HOH (HHor.na OT 'IlO,n:MbllJleqeoli ) OTXO.n;HT ,n:eJibTOBH.n;HaH BeTBb -;- r. deltoideus, pa3BeTBJIHIO!Il.a>IC>I B rny60KOH rpy,n:HOH MbllJlUe nJie-

. 2. HaJV101ia;r011Hast apTepHSI - a. suprascapularis, xapaKTepeag aJJ ){ Kpyneoro poraroro CKOTa H JIOIUa.n;H, y KQTOpblX OHa rlpoxo.n;HT COBMeCTHO 'c

. O;llHOHMeHHblM HepBOM R pa3i:Jerrurne1c51 B KIDKe H IlO)(KOJK:HOH MhllJlUe o6JJaCTH JIOilaTKH. y co6aKH, 3Ta aptep1rn HBJIHeTC){ BeTBblO no'BepxHOCTHOH rneiiHOH, a y CBHHbH - rio.n;JionaroqHoH ' aprepHH.' '

3. Ho)J.J1011anNHaH ap'fepHH a. subscapularis (pHc. 2lQ==7) HanpaB- JI>1eTc51 Kay.no.nopcaJibHO K OCHOBaHHIO JIOilaTKH B,n:OJib ee Kay,n:aJibHOfO Kpa>1 no

Me.n;HaJJbHOH noaepxeoqH .ilJJHHHOH ·'· r9JIOBKH TPeXrJiasoii MhllllUbl qJJeqa (pee. 211). Hap51;ny c neniHMH K no_µJIQnaTOqeoii .H 6oJJhll10ii: rpy.n;eoii: MbllliUaM o'r eee OTXOMIT: a) epyiJocnµnnaR , apmepuR -a. thoracodorsalis (6) ---=- H.n;eT BMeCTe c o,n:HOHMeHHbIM ' IiepBOM H BeHOH B. qmpoqaflUiylO MhllliUY 'CilHHbI H B oOJJblliYIO KpyrJJyIO Mblll1Uy, aeacTOM03HpyeT c 5-ii:. Mem:pe6epeoii apTepHeii,

a.

H 2) KayOa/1,bflllR OKpyo!CnaR apmepUR n.11.ea - circumflexa humeri caudalis

(3) - npoxo.n;HT BMecTe c no.n;MbllJleqebIM eepaoM Kay.n;aJibHO OT nJJeqeaoro cycTaBa, .aHaCTOM03HpyeT c KpaHHaJJbHOH OKpym:HOH apTepHeH IlJJElfa ' _(25).

Ha JJaTepaJJbHOH noaepxeocTH JionaTKH OT eee y CBHHbH bT.n;eJ15i:eTC>1 mr.n;JJorra­

a.

ToqeaH apTepHH - SU rascll. ul.aris. K OMe roro, OT Hee OTXO lT: a OK )K-

ea>1 apTepH>1 JJonaTKH - a. c1rcum lexa sq:i.pu_lae (4); 6) KOJIJiaTepaJJbHaH JJY­ qeaaH apTepH>1 - a. collateralis radialis, KOTopaH B o6Jiacrn nJieqa conpoao:m­

.n;aeT JiyqeJ3oii eepB H OT,n;aeT nina10m.y10 apTepHIO nJieqa - a. nutricia humeri (y co6aKH, CBHHbH H JK:BaqHblX). ' • '

flJ1eqeeasr apTepHSI - a. brachialis - HBJIHeTCH rJiaBHOH MarHCTpaJJblO

, ,n:JJH o6JiaCTH nJJeqa H npoxo,n:HT no ero Me,n:HaJibHOH noeepxHOCTH BMecTe c 0.11.eo;. HMeHeoii aeeoj% H cpe,n:HHH.bIM eepBoM. OT.n;aa 06m.y10 Mem:KOCTHyID apTepHIO, nJieqesafl apTepH>1 npo.n;oJJm:aercH ea npe.n;nJJeti:be KaK cpe.n;HHHa>I apTepHH. OT nJJeqesoii: · apTepHl:I OTxo.n;HT nHTb apTepHii:. '

348

1. fny60KaS1 ap'repasr nJJe11a·,-'- a. profunda brachii (24) - o-rxo.ztHT o.nuoft HJIH BYM51 BeTB51MH npH6JIH3HTe.iJbHO Ha cepe.n:uHe IlJietla B Kay,llaJil;.HOM Ha­ npaBJieH:Pi H u· pa3BeTBJI51eTC51 B ,paaru6aTeJI51X JIQKTeBoro cycTaBa BMeCT c BeT­ BmdH Jiyqeaoro Hepaa. Y co6aKH, CBHllbH H KpynHoro poraTOro c1rnrn rJiyt5oasr

apTepH51 nJieqa pa3BHTa ' CJia6o, TaK KaK o6JiaCTb ee BeTBJieHH51 06CJiy:lK11BaeTCH HHCXO.ll51111eii BeTBblO OKpy:>KHOH JiaTepaJibHOH nJietieBOH apTEp1rn: y JIOlJla,llH 3Ta apTepH51 pa3BHTa CHJibHO 11 saMemi:er 01'cyTCTsyao111y10 y Hee HUCXOORIJ{YK> Betn.8b - r. descendens. ·

2. KOJJJJaTepa.!IbHasr JJOKTesrui apTepHSI - a.· collateralis ulnaris (9) - OTXOJlHT Ha ·.llHCTaJlbHOM KOHU:e tIJieqa B Kay)!.MbHOM uanpaBJieHHH. Olenyer BJlOJlb nepenHero KpaH Me)lHaJibHOH fOJIOBKH TpeXrJiaBOH MhllliU:bI nJietra Ha

Me71ua.rrhHYID noaepxiiocTq JIOKTeBOro OTJlOCTKa. OrnaeT a. nutritia humeri H MbillietIHbie 'aetotIKH. y co6aKH H KpynHOfO poraToro CKOTa KOJIJiaTepaJibHaR JJOKTeBa51 apTepH51 pa3BHTa CJia6o. y CBHHbH H JIOlJla.llH OHa iJ.epeXO,llHT B /lOKJ1U!­

ey1a apmepwo · a ulnaris. (cM e112K.e) K.OJIJiaTepaJibeasi JIOKTeBi;ifl: apTepmi: yt1acTByeT B o6pa3oBaHHH cocy.llHCTOH ceTH JIOKTeBoro cycrnsa - rete artkulare cubiti, H3 KOTOpOH BblXO,llSIT nallbMap!iaJl U OOpCallbliaJl sanRCmHble BemBU -·

'rr. carpeus palmaris et dorsalis. . .

' 3. Ap'repHSI .11.syrJJasoii Mbllllbl - a. bicipitalis (23) OTXO,llHT OT IlJie,. tieBOH aprepHH B o6.nacm .llHCTaJibHOH TpeTH ' IlJletia. '

4·. Ronepeq11u apTepHSI JIOKTSI a. transver(>a cubiti . (22) 0Txo.z:r:11T

Ha cru6aTeJibHOH nosepxHOCTH JIOKTeBOro cycrnBa B KpaHHaJibHOM HanpaBJie­ HHH H, npoii,n51 Me»<,ny crn6aTeJI51MH JIOKTeBoro cycrnBa H nJietieBOH KOCTbIO,

pasBeTBJUleTe B pasrH6aTeJI:ffX samlCTMI H naJihuea. ¥ CBHHbH H poraTOf()

CKOTa OHa aHaCTOM03Hpyelr c 06111eli Me:lKKOCTHOH ,apTepueli H ·yqacTByeT B o6- pa30BaHHH JIOKTeBOH cocy,nHeTOH ceTH. '

5. 06m;asr MelKKOCTHrul ap1epaJ1 a.· interossea eommun'is (11) OT-

XO,llHT B . o6JJacm npOKCltMaJibHOH Me:lKKOCTHOH 111eJIH npe,nnJietib51; .llHTC51.Ha KaY.llaJibHYIO H KpaHHaJibHYIO Me:lKKOCTHbie apTep.HH. 11Hor.na OT,llaeT JJOKTeByID

a) Jl,.f e[)ICKOcmHaJl KayOaAbHaJl ap'mepwi - a. interossea caudalis : yt1acT­ ayeT B o6pa30BaHHH ,n;opcaJibHOH ceni3ail51CTb51 H rny6oKOH naJibMapHH ,n;y- ru rete carpi dorsale et areas palmaris prdfundus. f13 noCJieneeii BbIXHT' nHCTHble naJibMapHbie rny6oKHe apTepuu aa., metacarpeae palmaris pro­ funsiae. y co6aKH H CBHHbH Me:lKKOCTHaH Kay,n;aJibHl;\51 apTepiiH KpynHee KpaHH- aJibHOH; y co6aKH Jle:lKHT Me:HC,ny KBa,npaTHblM npoHaropoM H KOCT51MH

npennJietib51; y CBltHbH KayJlaJJbHO npHKpblTa MKOCTHOH Kay,naJibHOH CB513- KOH. Y poraToro CKOTa H JIOlJlaJlH oTCyTcTByer. ·

6) Me:JICKOCmHtJJl KpaHUaAbHaJl · apmepuR -:- a. mterossea cramahs - BbI­ XOJlHT Ha KpaHHOJiaTepaJihHYIO nosepXHOCTb npe,nnJietib51 H pa3BeTBJl51eTC51 s pa3l:H6aTeJI51X 3aDSICTb51 H.naJibU:eB. Y C06aKH H CBHHbH 3Ta apTepH51 CJia6aH. y KpynHOro poraToro CKOTa H JIOlJla,ll;H OHa CHJibHO pa3BHTa, OT,n;aeT Me:lKKOCT­ HYIO ,B03Bparny10 apTepuIO, KoropaH ailaCTOM0311pyer c rny6oKoii . nJieqeaoif

apTepueii; onycKaeTC5,1 Ha sanHCTbe, r,n;e yt1acTByer B o6pa3oBaHHH .nopcaJih- HOH ceTH 3anHCTb51 H noc;brJiaeT BeTJ!b ,n;Jist aCTH51 B naJibMapHoii: cH san51CTb51. Y poraToro CKOTa nepexonHT B IV rny60Ky10 naJibMapHylO nHCTHYIO apTepHIO,

BJIHBa10ruy10cH B IV ·naJibUeB'yIO JiaTep&nbHYIO apTepHIO.

• Cpe,11.HH.HWI ap'repHSI - a. mediana (12) - HBJI51eTcH npo,noJI:HCeHHeM nJie- t1eaoH: apTep1rn ,nOCJie OTxo:HC,n;eeH51 OT Hee o6111eii Me:HCKOcTHOH apTepHH. B co­

npoBo:iK11eHHH OilHOHMellHOH BeHbIH cpeJIHHHOfO eepBa cpeJIHHHaSI apTepH51 no Me,llHaJibHOH IlOBepXHOCTH Jiyt1eBOH KOCTH crryCKaeTCSI JlO 3aDSI,CTb51, r,n;e yt1aCT­ BYeT B o6pa3oBaHHH aanstCTHOH cocy,n;ucroii .teTH H apTepHii nHC'.fH. Ba caoeM nyTH cpe,ZI.MHHaSI apTepm1 OT,ZI.aeT: a) . apTepmo ,!I.JUI Kay,naJJbHbIX MbllliU: npe,n;nJietih51 -"- 2Ay60Ky10 apmepu10 npeOnlle'lM - a. profunda antebrachii (puc. 211- 15); 6) AyY£By10 apmepu10 - a. radialis ,(pHc. 212, 213-3) 11

a) BeTBlt Mst o6pa3oBaHH51 nopcaJibHoii cocyaucmoa. cemu sanRCmbR - rete carpi dorsale - H ·naJibMapH,bIX IlSICTHblX apTep.uii. y ,ll;OMaUIHHX :lKHBOTHblX OHH HMeIOT CBOH. BH,ll;OBhle OTJJHtIH51. y co6aKH Jiyt1esa51 apTepHst, mm aanHCTbeM

349

PHc. 211. ApTepHH rpyAHoli KoHeqHoCTH co6aKH!

3 - a. circumflexum h umeri caudalis; 6 - a. thoracodorsalis; 7 - a. subscapularis; 8 - a. brachialis; 9 -a. collateralis ulnaris; 11 a. interossea communis; 13 - a. med iana; 15 - a. profunda antebtachii; 20 - a. radialis et rete carpi dorsale; 23 - a. bici pit alis; 24 - a. pro­ f unda brachii; 25 - a. circumflexum humeri cranialis; 26 - a. axill aris; 27 - a. thoracica ex- erna; - a. rac 1a 1s super 1c1a IS; - a. ce-

. rvicalis supei"f icialis; 31 - a. scapularis dorsalis.

sanSICTHbie .BerBH^'

yqacTByIOT B o6pa30BaHHH

.u.opcaJibHOii ceTH 3anacTbSI - rete carpi do-

p-_

Cll.llbHbte nRCmHbte apmepuu - aa. metacar ­ peae dorsales I-IV {6); OHM sna.u.a10T B 06-

apmepuu - aa. digitales dorsales communis I-IV, S1BJIS1IO­ muecS1 npO.ll.0,llJKeHHeM. Me,ll.HC:iJIbHblX BeTBeii

KpaHHaJibHOH noBepxHOCTHOH apTepHH npe.u.­ nJietibSI - a. antebrachialis superficialis cra­ nialis; _noCJie.u.mrn, B. csoio ot1epe.u.b, 6epeT HatiaJIO OT noBepXHOCTHOH nJietieBOH apTe-

. puu - a. brachialis superficialis. · .

floeepxHocmHOJL · naAbMapHaR Bemsb -·_ r. palmaris superficialis

<puc. 213-13), OTXO.ll.SIID;aSI OT JiytieBOH apTepHH, c yt1aCTHeM naJibMapHblX BeTBeH 3ailSICTbSI OT JIOKTeBoii (4) H Kay.naJibHOH MeJKKOCTHOH apTepHH (2) o6- pasyer 2Ay601cy10 nll.llbMapHyfO ayey - arcus palmaris profundus (15), H3 KOTO- pou BblXO.l{flT I;--IV naJibMapHble IlflCTHble apTepuu,- aa. metacarpeae pal­ mares I.....'...JV. 3-ru apTepuu,coe.u.liHSISICb c cocy.11.aMu _noaepxHOCTHOH naJibMap­

l;IOH .nyrn - arcus almari su erficialis, 06 a30BaHHOH c e.u.HHHOH a re ueii

, .zi:aIOT HatiaJIO o6U{U.M. naA.bMapHbl.M. nll.llbl{'!Bbt.M. apmepURM. - aa. digitales palmares communes I-IV. 3-ru apTepuu no cBoeMy xo.u.y OT.ll.aIOT: a) BeTBb nSICTHoro MSIKHIIIa - r. tori metacar ei· 6 MeJKnaJibUeB 10 a Te MIO - a. m er igita is H a) co6cTBeHHO naJibMapHble naJibUeBble apTepuu - aa. digitales palm.ares propriae (14), nOCblJiaIOm;ue BeTBH B cooTBeTCTByiom;ue naJibUeBble

MSIKHIIIH - r. tori digitalis.

y CBHHbH rny6oKaSI apTepHSI npe.u.nJietibSI OTXO.ll.HT nepe.u. o6m;eii Me:li<KOCT­

. HOH apTepueii, nooToMy cpe.U.HHHaSI apTepuSI y HHX .n:e.n.uTcSI Ha TPH BeTBH: Jiy­

'llesyio apTepuio a. radialis, nosepxHOCTHYIO na.11bMapHyi<> BeTBh r palma-

He3HatIHTeJibHOM yt1acTHlf CJia6oii BeTBH Jiyt1es.dii apTepuu. Oi: II-IV naJibMap­ HblX IlSICTHbIX apTepuii OTXO.ll.SIT npOKCHMaJibHaSI H .ll.HCTaJibHaSI npo60.u.a10m;ue BeTBH rr. perforans proximalis et distalis. (pnc 213 9, !O).

Y JKBat1Hhlx cpe.u.uHHaSI apTepuSI, OT.ll.aB rny60Ky10 apTepuio npe.u.m1etihSI

H Jiyt1e8yio apTepuio, npo.u.om1<aeTCS1 Ha sanSICTbe KaK nosepxHOCTHast naJib­ MapHaSI BeTB - r. palmaris superficialis - H yt1acTByeT B . o6pa3oBaHHH rny6oKoii H nosepxirncTHoii .u.yr - arcus palmaris profundus et superficiali. Hs rny6oKoii naJibMapHoii .n:yrn BblXO.ll.SIT naJibMapHoie apTepuu II-IV naJib­ u.es - aa. II!°etacarpea 'palmares ll-IV, KOTopble 0T.u.a10-y· Li l npoKcHMaJibHYIO H .n:ucTaJibHyIO npo60.u.a10m;ue apTepuu - aa. peliforans proximalis et distalis Ill, BblXO.ll.S1m;ue t1epes sepxHuii u HHJKHHH KaHaJibl IlJIIOCHbl Ha ee .n:opcaJibHYIO nosepxHOCTb. ' ·

350

1 J.·h nosepxHoCTHo:ii naJI&MapHo:ii JlYrH BbIXOJVIT oom.He ilaJI&MapHbie naJI&­ neshl apTepHH: I) a. digitalis palmaris communis II oT.naeT: a) ocesy10 II coocTBeHHO naJI&MapHyIO naJI&U.esyiO apTepHIO - a. digitalis palmaris pJ,"oprius

H axialis, KOTOpa51 ripoXOJlHT no Me)lHaJI&HOH irnsepxHoCTH I II naJI&IJ.a, H 6) He­

<>cesy10 I II co6cTBemi:o naJI&U.eByIO apTepHIO - a. digitalis palmaris proprius

III abaxialis, npoxo)lmtyIO no JlaTepa.rr&HOH nosepxHOCTH TPeT&ero naJI&u.a;

2) a; digitalis palmaris conimunis I II H.lJ.eT KaK o6m.a51 Me2K:na.iI&u.e8a51 apTepH51-

. H JleJIHTC51 aa co6cTBeHHO IJI ,H IV" naJI&MapHble na.1I&ueBhre apxepHH aa d1g1tales palmares propriae I II et' IV; 3) HeocesaSI IV co6crseHHO naJI&U.eBaSI ,

1. pTepH51 - a. digitlis palmaris proprius IV abaxialis H 4) ocesaSI V co6cT- lieHHO naJI&J,leBaSI atnepHSI , digitalis palmaris proprins V . axiaHs

no CBOeMy XOJlY COOCTBeHHO ap,TepHH naJib)leB OT,naIOT JlOpCMbHble H IlaJib· Mapttble npoKcilMaJib,Hble, JlHCTaJlbHble <}>a.rraHroBbie H apTepHli.K JlHCTaJibHM MSIKHWaM, a IIIH IV coocraeeeo IWJibMapJible apTepHH, KpOMe Toro, BeHe' Hhle . apTepHH - aa .. coronales - H Ha JlHCTaJI&HblX <}>aJiaHrax 06pa3y10T KOHU.eBble . JlYrH - arcus terminales, · .

B KpOBOCHa6m:em m n:opqtJibHOH IiosepXHOCTH KUCTU. (puc. 212) yqae'l'ByID'f

aanHCTHble BeTBu Jiyqesoli apTepHH (3), sciyna10mue B JtopcaJI&HyIO CeTb sa- . Il5l'CTb51 - rr. car:peus dorsalis, JlOpCa.llbHble 3ailSICTHbie BE;ITBH KOJI)laTepaJJbHO

J OKTeBOH apxepHe,(2), npo6o,nai0w;He BeTBH OT naJI&Mapuux OSleTHbiX apTepMH

(9, JO) H .nopcaJI&ffi,/:e BeTBH (J J) COOCTBeHHO naJibU.eBbIX apTepHH.

y JlOWa)lH B eTBJieHHH cpeJUfHHOH apTepHH MHOrO o6w:ero co :>KBaqHbIMH. CpenHHHaSl apTepHSI nOCJie OTXmK)l,emrn ray601rn:H ,apTCf'MM npe;nnJiellbn or;naeT npoKCIIMaJI&Hyio ₁Jiyt1eay10 apTepHIO - a. radialis proximalis, KOTopaSI ony­ cKaercSI .ll.0 3anSICT,bH H ,lleJIHTC51 Ha JIOpCaJlbHble H naJibMapHble BeTBH sa­

IHICTbSI rr. carpeus dorsales et paJmaris; ;nopc"'1JDHD!e, paseernJrn>1cb, npo- · JlOJI:>KaIOTcfl- KaK aa. metacarpeae dorsales II et III. .

. Jlyqesa apTepH1J, OTJiaB coe.aHHHTeJI&Hyio BeTBb KO II JiopcaJI&Hoii nc'f­

. 11oli apnpun, ytiacmyeT s oopasosamu1 rny6oKoli naJibMapHuii .ziyrn (15) HJIH, pa3JieJIHBWHCb, npOJlOJl:>Kaercn KaK II H III, naJibMapHbie Il51CTHble apTepHH - aa. metacarpeae paltnar·es Ir et III. no csoeMy xoJiy OTJiaeT BeTBH J< TpeT&eH , MKOCT11oi'1 MblUIUe M eoe;1unrne1cf! c BeIB:blO ar a. digitalis palmar(s communis III, o6pasySI noaepxHOCTHYlb naJI&MapHyK> n.yry - arcus palmaris super- ficialis (15'). . ' ' ,

• HqCJie OTBe'fBJJeHaSI Jtyqesoii aprepHH cpeJlHHHaSI apTepHSI OTJiaeT naJI&Map- HYIO ·BeTBb -.r. palmaris; noCJJ.eJIH.Srn Coe.llHH51eTCfl c KOJIJiaTepaJihHOH JIOKTeBOH

.apTepHeH H npbJtomaerc» .nH:cTaJI&Ho, nOOiyt10B Ha3BaHHe a. digitalis palmaris eommunis III. Oaa nw1y11aer RpynHyIO coe)luHHT bHYIO aeTB& OT III nHcTHoii

.JlOpcaJibHOH apTepHH (17) H Bria.naeT B' Me,lJ.HaJlbHYIO naJiblleByIO apTepuIO. noaepXHOCTHafl naJI&MapHafl Jiyra. (15') y JIOWa,llH (HeilOCTOSIHHO) COe,llH-

1rne'1 )(HCTaJtbHblH KOHeu. cpeJIHHHOH apTepHH c KOHU.GM noBe,pXHOCTHOH BeTBH OT naJI&Mapijoii BeTBH Iia cep,e.n.HHe nSICTH. noCJie o6pasosaaHSI noBepxHOCTHOii

naJI&MapHOH JIYrH npbJIOJI>KeHHeM cpeJlHHHOH a Te HH }KHT a. di italis

. o ums , KOTOpaSI Ha,lJ. cycTaBOM npOKCHMaJlbHOH <!JaJiaHrH

,UeJIHTCfl Ha JiaTepaJib YIO lf . Me.Ll,HaJibHYIO naJI&IieB&Ie apTepHH - a. digita!is

l ateralis,, s. digitalis paln;iaris propria I ll H a. di i talis medialis s. di i talis a mans propna · .

naJibU.eBbie apTepHH B OOJI,aCTH naJibU.eBblx . <!JaJiaHr OT,llaIOT npOKCHMaJib­

Hble, epeJlHHe H ,llHGTaJlbHhle JlOpcaJI&Hble .'ff naJibMapHble BeTBH.' BeTBH K HH- eTaJI&HOMY M51KHWY a. folii distalis. K.a:>K,llafl H3 I II, H IV co6CT{leHHO naJI&· MapHbIX naJibU.eBblX apTepHH, KpoMe Toro, OT)J,aeT erir,e H BeHeqHyIO Be'f'.Bb -

.a. coronaria - H o6pasy # nOJlOIIIBeHHOii nosepxHoCTH III <}>aJiaHru KOHU.e-

sy10 Jiyry - arcus termmahs. , . -