Hoc h IfOcobasi dojjocTb.

Hoc -nasus -.Hatta.n'hHblH ·oT.l{eJI Jl.blxaTeJihHblX nyTe:if , rrpm!noco6JieH­ Hb!IiK 06CJ1e,lloBaHlf10 B)lblxaeMoro B03Jl.yxa Ha 3anaxH, ero 06orpesaHe10, ya JtIDKHeH.HlO H oqmneHe10 oT 3.arpSI3iteHttsi. Hoc npHHHMaeT ytlaCTHe TaK.>Ke 8 3ByKoo6pasoBaljHH. y >KHBOTHblX HOC H poT BMeCT COCTaBJISllOT. nepe.l{HHJl OT- AeJI TOJIOBbI. I • • • . •

Hoc co)leP,:>KHT napHy'IO. Hocosy10 noJIOCTh·- cavum nasi, sxo)loM s Ko- .

261

D

^Pac. 153. Bepxyii.JKa .Hoca: KOpOBhl; f :_ OBU1>1; · /J. .:. JIO•

wimH; 1 - ala nasi ventralis!

,2 - al 11 nasi dorsalis; 3 - na- res; - p anum nasa e ros· trale); 5 - sulcus alaris; 6 - p anur:i nasoi!lbiale; 7, 8 ....:.:

Pac. 155.• HocoilaH rtoJioCTb Ha n po110J1hHOM cpeae (BH.ll. c ·M@.ll.HaJ11>Uoir .tl'oBef)XHocrH):

, lis, JB concha nasalis dot salis, 11 concha nasalts_ media; 12 - l abyrinthus ethmoi· dalis; 13 - meatus nasi dorsalis; 14 - ineatus nasi medius; 15 - meahis nasi ventralis; 16 - septum nas'i; 17 - pars nasalis pharyngis; a - noJIO.lKeHae neperopo)l.OK Me.lK.ll.Y ne- ·

pe,ll.HHMH H 3a)l.HHMH ornenaMH HOCOBblX paKOBHH 'I nowa)l.H .

Topy10 cJiy)KaT H03)lpH, a BbIXO)lOM B rJIOTKY - ;xoaijbl. c HOCOBo'h IIOJIOCTbIO coot5m:a10TCS1 OKMOHOCOBble na3yx11. Ha Hoey 'pa3Jmqaro1 cnHHKy, 6oROBhie

CTeHKH, BepxylllKY .H KopeHb Roca.

Cnwuca noca - dorsum nasi - CJIY)KHT csonoM Hocosoii . noJIOCTH; a oc­ HOBaHuu ee Jle:>UaT nepm1e ()'f'AeJibl JI06HDIX KOCreii:, HOCOBble KOCTH H xpmn.H Roca. CnHHKa Roca nocTeneHHO nepexo.llH1f B ooKOBble cTeHKH Roca, cct>opMH

. poBaHHble HOCOBb MH OTpOCTKaMH Bep:({IielleJIIOCTilbIX H pe3UOBbIX KOCTeH 11 nocosl>IMH xpflmaMH. Be3 11erKo:ii rpalUl'I:(bl cn0HKa H OoKOBhle :creHKH Hoca npo.llOJI)KaJOTCR TaK)Ke Me)K.llY rnp3HHUaMH B KopeHb Hoca - radix nasi, B ero OCTOBe 3aJIO)KeHa npo.llblpSIBJieHHaSI. IIJl8CTHHK8 pellleTllaTOH KOCTH. Bepxyuuw, 1toca apex nasi pacmmaiae'I'CR na,ll sepXHeli ry6oil:; B Hee Haxo.ns:rTc )lBa OTBePCTHSI, Be)lyllI,He B HOCOBYIO IIOJIOCTb, - HQsOpU - nares, orpaHHlleHHble TO 6<>Jiee, TO MeHee ho.llBH.>KHbIM:H KpblAbRMU noca - ala nasi. (pHc. 153). Kpb1Jib51 Hoca no;MepJ!<Irna101cH XpJlwp,MU Roca cartilagmes nas1 (pHc. 154).

Ko.>KHbJH noKpos Me.>K.llY H03.llPSIMH H BoKpyrimx 'y · 6oJibll1HHCTBa JKHBOT­

HbJX <fmpMepyeT ttocoeoe sepKaAO --:- planunynasale. 0Ho JIHilleHo BOJioc, a3)le·

e KHe .llOJlbKH I:I yce5IHO MHOfOllHCJieHHbIMH cepo3HbIMH

)KeJie3aMH. )l(eJieJbJ BbI,lleJISllOT CBOH ceKpeT Ha IIOBepXHOCTb HOCOBOfO 3epKaJia,

BCJie.llcTBHe 11ero OHO scer)la BJia.>KHoe H xoJIO.llHoe mi omynb. BoK r se Kana · " 51 e OJibUJOe llHCJIO llYBCTBHTeJibHbIX BOJIOC.

Hoc08ClJI. nepeeopoiJKa - septum nasi - B ocHoBe HMeeT rnaJIItlloshlif .xp5Im;

Hocosoif . neperopO.llKH - cartilago septi nasi, KOTopblH ·npe)lcTaBJI5Ie ·co6oif KpaHHaJibHOe npO.llOJI)KeHHe nepneH)lHKYJI5IpHOH IIJiaCTHHKH' perneT11aroii KOCTH. Knepe.llH HocosaR nep-eropo)lKa BblcrynaeT 3a KOHUhl HOCOBbJX KOCTeif . .Uop­

caJihHbJM KpaeM oHa npHKpenJI5Ie:rc51 K HocoBbJM H oT11acTH JIOOHbJM KOCT5IM, : a BeHTpaJihHhIM, yroJim;eHHhIM KpaeM norpy:>KeHa B colllHlf.KOBblii >KeJio6. Bne­

pe.llH HOCOBbJX l<OCTeH. OT )lOpcaJibHoro H BeHTpaJihHoro KpeB Xp5Im;eBOH HOCO· BOH II ropo.ilKH o:xo.n.RT Bpaso H .BJieBO .ll?PC8JlbHble H. BeHTpaJib ble 60KOB_bl.e xp1unµ HOCa '.""" carhlago nas1 laterahs dorsahs et ventrahs. BMecTe c nepe.LtHHM

11. OHUOM neperopo)lH OHH COCTaBJISllOT xpRmesoif •OCTOB Hoea. B OCHOBe KpbIJiheB Hoca Jie)KaT KpblAOBbte xpRU{U - cartilagines alares, KOTOpble . y pa3HbJX >KH­ BOTHhIX HMelOT pa3JIHllHYlO ct>opMy. y JIOllia)lH xpmn. HMeeT nAaCmUHKY .;.,... lami­ na (6) -H /J(J2 - cornu (7). B BeHTpaJibHOM OT)leJie Kpb Jia Bb!pa.>KeH ao6<180'lHbeU · xpRU{ - cartilgo n_asalis accessoria lateralis et medialis (4).

263

pa; .9 - oncha ?asa}is venttalis et; .10 .:.....dorsalis; 13, 14, 15 - ll}eatus naSi, dorsalis, med111s et ventralts,. ·•7 meat us n11s1 cornmunis; 18 ductus nasolacnmahs; 19

·canalis infraorbitalis; 20 - apertura Ijasomaxill aris; 21 -'- sinus maxillaris; 22 - si­ ' nus palatinus; 23 -r plexus venosus.

I

BHyTpeHH5I5I noaepxHoCTh ilocoaoli noJiocTH JIHlllh caMM nepe)lHeM OT)leJie uoKpbITa KO:>Keff. 9ra 11ac1b IIOJIOC1H Ha3@BaeTC5I . npea<Jeepupi R(JCQ - vesti bulum .nasi. Co6cTBeHHO HOCOBaH OJIOCTb .BbICTJiaHa CJIH3HCTOH o6oJioqKoli ,

rJI)lKOH Ha HOCOBOH neperopO)lKe H c MHOr<;>qHcJieHHhIMH. CKJIMKaMH B BH)le

e 5ITeJibHoro Jia HpHHTa Ha Jl8TepaJihHOH CTeHKe H ,a o6JiacTH KopH5I. 'Hoca. B OfHoae paKOBHH H o6oH5ITeJibHoro JI6HpllHTa 38- JioeHhl TOHKHe, nopHCThle, csepHyToie B Tpy6oqKH KOCTHhle nJiaCTHHi,<H H HX xp5II1I.eshle )lo6asKH KOCTHhle paKOIIBHhl H Jia6HpHHT perneTqaToli KOCTH. Ho;

COBhIMH pl(l.KOBJ1RaMH Ka1K)la5I IIOJIOBHHa HOCOBOH IIOJIOCTH pa3)leJJeHa Ha qeThlpe

HOCOBhIX XO)la: )lopcaJihHhili , cpe)lHHH, aewrpaJibHbIH H o6w:Hii: (pHc. 155 H 156). JJ.op{:allbliblU HOCOBOil xoa - meatus nas1 dorsalis -;- Y3KHH, H8XO)J.HTC5I Me)l{)ly CBO)lOM HOCOBOH IIOJIOCTH H )lOpcaJihHOH paKOBHHOli; K3a)lH OH 3aKaHqH-

aaeTC5I cJieno. · · ·

: lpe8nua HOCOeoa XOO -'- meatus· nasi medius - npOXO)lHT Me)l{)ly )lOpCaJib­ HOH aeHTpaJihHOH paKOBHH8MH. Oil B_e)leT B xoaHbl, B III.eJIH o6oH5ITeJibHOro

· Jia6HpHnra H a npH)laToqHbJe na3yxe Hocosoli noJiocTH. HaH6oJiee KpynHa5I H3 srqeif o6oH5ITeJihHOro Jia6HpHHTa pa3.ll.eJI5IeT 3aJJ.HHH KOHeI( cpe)lHero Hocoaoro XO)la . Ha· JlOpCa.iihHOe H seHTpaJihHOe J{OJieHO. . '

• BeHmpaAbflbta nocoooa xoiJ ;.;..... meatus nasi ventdlis -'-- caMbIH II1HpoKHli. OH pacnoJiaraeTC5I Me>K.ll.Y seHTpaJibHOH paKoBHHOH H .ll.HOM Hocoaoli noJiocTH H Be)leT .TOJibKO B xoaHhl. . .

06tUiuii ·no. coBou xoiJ - meatus nasi conimunis -.,.. npoxonHT Me>Kny Hocoaoli

neperopo:n.kofl H Me)lHaJibHbJMH - noapXHOCTHMH HOCOBbJX paKOBliH H o6oHj{TeJib­ Horo Jia6HpHHTa. O,tt coe)UfH5IeT ace TpH xo)la H nepexo)J.HT K3<f.lJ.H a Hocorno­ TOqHhlli xo,ZI. meatus nasopharyngeus; .KoTophili qepe3 xoaHy - choanae - se)leT a HocorJIOTKY - nasopharynx. ·

. ;[lopcaJihHbJH HOCOBOH XO.ll. o6oH5ITeJlbHhIH, cpe_){HHH H o6w:H0 ...... CMe­ WaHHble, T. e. 06QHH;I'eJiblJO'-)lblX.8TeJihHble, a BeHTp8JibHblH - TOJlbKO )lbIXa'TeJib­ HbJH. 3TH pa3JIHqH5I conpOBOJK)l8IDTCR oco6eHHOCTHMH B rHCTOJIOrHqecKOM c:rpoe­ HHH HX cJIH3HcToli o6oJioqKa.IlocJie.lJ.H5I5I· B .ll.OpcaJibHOM HocoaoM xo)le u o6oH5I­

TeJibHOM JI·a6HpHHTe CO)lep>KHT O()oHSITeJihHble. KJieTim, a B ocTaJihHOH ·ee 'l8CTH - MepuareJii>lfhIH 3nwreJIHif; )KeJie3hl · pacnpocTpaHeHhl noac10.lJ.Y.

1

264

0IH3HCT3SI OOoJioqKa Bnepe)lH )lOpcaJihHOH paKOBHHbl o6P.El3YeT np!l.MytO CK.llaiJKy - plica recta, KoTopas:r Teps:reTcs:r B npeMBepHH Hoca, aimepe)lH seHT­ paJJbHo.if paKoBHHhl pa3)leJIReTCs:r Ha JJ.Be cKJia)lKH. I-fa HHX BeHTPaJi&HaH . ocHOB­

1

HaJI. CK.l/,aiJKfl - plica basalis - cxo)lliT Ha HeT s npeJJ.JJ.Bepnu noca, 1l Jtemam;as:r

, 6oJiee )J.opcaJibHO 11.pb/,AOBOJJ, c1WliJ Ka --- plica al1;1ris - ncqe3aeT B Jia'l'epaJt&HOM

.KpbJJie HOCa. ' .. . . . . . .

. B CKJia)lKe )lHa Ha rpaHHI.(e c KO.>Keii npeMBepHSI Hoca 3aMeTHO m;eiieBHlloe

HOCOCJZe3noe omeepcmue - ostium nasolacrimale;. liM oTKphrnaercs:r. Hapy>Ky

15. COC.lle3HbU1. tlfJOmoK duetus naso.lactimal s, OTBO)lSIIIJ.HH CJie3bJ H3 CJle3m:fro MelllKa. Cne3bl H ceKpeT HocOBbJX .>KeJies,·ucnapsrnc&, HachlIU.aioT npH u.nblxaHHH B03)lyX BJiaroif. DoJJ. CJIH3HCTOH oOOJIOqKoH HaXO)lHTCSI rycTOe 8eH03H9e cfin.e;. meuue plexus vehosus nasi,. co;nep>«aw.ee 60Jibllloe KOJIHqecTBo poslf, · en co6cTBY10lllee corpesaHHIO ' B.DPixaeMoro B03JJ.yxa. ·. HocoBi e paKOBHHhl 06ecne­

flHBa10T nepeMelllHBaHHe tiaCTHU B03)lyXa npH B.ll.blXaHHH, a_. CJte OBa JlbH

, ahIJ.neHHe BJiarou H Otrum;eHHe OT nhIJie:BbIX qacn1u. nocJie)lHHe oce)laJOT Ha.CJIH3MCTOH OOOJIQqKe Boca H yJla.JJSllOTCSI MepnaTeJibHb!M

3IlHTeJIHeM. .

, Ha .nepe.nHero OTJJ.eJia. BeHTpaJihHoro· ilocosoro xo)la pe3l{OBbtt1 KaHaJZ · due- · tus incisivus - Be)leT B poTOsy10 noJIOCTb, r)le eH OTKpblsaeTCSI c6oKy OT pe3- uosoro cocoqKa.- B pe3UOBhIH KaHaJI, B c13010 oqe e)'.{b OTK hIBt;l

du opean - organon vomeronasa ts. 3ToT opraH npe)lcTaBJis:reT co6oli TOH- · Ky10 Tpy6oqKY • H3 CJIH3HCToli o6oJiotiKH₁ otopas:r pacnoJiaraeTCs:r B xps:rw.esoM

OCTOBe B)lOJlb BetnpaJihHoro Kpas:r lIOCOBOH ne ero 0 KH - .

KopeHHoro 3Y a. Oll1HHKOBOHOCOl30ft opraH CHa6eH cneuHaJibHOH ' BeTOqKofr o6oHs:rTeJibHoro Hepsa - n. terminalis; 3anoJIH'eH .>KHJJ.KOCThJO H sbJ'no.mis:reT

o6oHHTeJihHYJO cpyH KUHJO.

lit H H e p B a u H s:r - nn.. olfactorius; terminalis, pterygopafatinus infraorbitalis. '

C o c Jl bl - a. · ethmoidalis a. m

co6eunocmu. Y co6aKH xps:rrnesoli OCTOB Boca )lJIHHHhIH. Oil BblcTynaeT

)la.>Ke Bnepe)llf pe3UOBhIX KOCTeH, BCJie)lCTBHe qero nepe)lHHH y';laCTOK HOCa )lO BOJihHO no)lBH.>KeH. Hocospe 3epl\a.rro o6wrno I1-IrMe1n1posauo u oxsamae r

KOHllHK Boca co scex cTOpoH; no ero cepe)lHHe npoxo)lHT, 6opo3)la. Hos,n.pn oK­ pyrnhle, HO B BeHTpOJiaT€paJibHOM HanpaBJieHHH pacceqeHhl rny6o'KHMH KphiJ10- BbJMH Bhlpe3KaMH sulc11s alaris .U0pcaJii:.11oe (mm MC:;1tHaJI1>Hoe) KpbLIIO . Boca no.zutepiKHBaeTCSI )lOj)caJihHblM OoKOBblM xp_SIIIJ.OM. Boca' a BeHTpaJibHoe KpbIJIO -·JiaTepaJihHblM )lOOasoqH.bIM XpSIJ.nOM - cartilago accessoria laterali KOTOpbl f B!TaeTCst B eocosy10 IIOJIOCTl>. O:IH3HC'}'BSI o60JIOlfKa a6pasye t· M_Horo-

Jis:reT co6o:H qpe3BbJqaifHo cJio.>KHh1H JiatSHpHHT 3aBHTKOB co MHOiKeCTBOM :Xo)los. TaKiKe cJio.>KHo ycTpoeH H 060HS1TeJihHhIH Jia6HpHHT. CJie3HOHocosoli npoTOK oT­ Kpb1saeTCS1 STOpbIM OTBeflCTHeM B BE\HTpaJiDHbtM HOCOBOH xo.n B OOJlac'l'R 33JI,Hero . OT,lleJia HOCOBOH' paKOBHHbl. . .

y CBHHbH Ha BepxyltlKe Hoca. HaXO,llHTSI csoeo6pa3HbfH XQOOTOK (nsITaqoK) rostrum B BH;Zte HO)J;81UKH0r o )(HCKa;• OH CJIHBaeTCSI c sepxHe':H ryootr,. HO OT JlOpcaJihHQH H OOKOBblX CTeHOK Hcica OT)leJISleTCSI qe'fKo Bb!pai!CeH­

QbJM KpaeM. Xo6on:osoe 3epKaJihU.e -:pfanum ·.rostrale -' yces:rlrt> mitPotKHMH, pe,aKHMH, qyseTBHTeJibHhfMH BOJIOCK8MH H cepHeH MeJIKHX 60p03)l; E>)lep:>KliT

1

>KeJie3h! H o6'HJ1bHO crna6.>KeHo peuenTOpaMH. ' ' He6oJihllme oKpyrnoosaJiha,hle H03.ll.PH pacm?Jio.>KeHhl Ha xotfuTKe. . Me>KJJ.Y .

H03)lpSIMH B OCHOBaHHH XoOOTJ{a 3aJIO.>KeHa XOOoTHaSI KOCTh - OS rostrale, np.a- . KpenJISIIOIIJ.aHCSI K nepe4HeMy koHI{y HOCOBl:dX KOCTeH, HOCOBOH neperopO).(K u K pe3I{OBhlM KOCTSIM. Cnpasa H cJiemr .ll.OpcaJibHo oT xo6oTHOH KOCTM oT't

3arHyTf11e BHH3 _KpblOBble xps:rIIJ,H; OHH orpaHliquBaIOT HQ3)lpl0 )lOpcOJiaTep biIO, a K38)lH CQe)lHHSIIOTCSI C )ldpcaJibHblMH OOKOBbJMH :Xps:rm;aMH Hoca. O'J!o , BeHT­

paJihHOH qacrn xo6oTHOH .KOCTH OT):{em1etcS1 HJ.IOBH)J,HblH JiaTeJ)aJl )lo6a-

265'

BoqHbI_H xp5IIII. - cartilago accessoria lateralia, Jie>KilIUHH B JiaTepoBeHTpaJibHbH CTeHKe H03.IJ.pH. -

Hocosa5I noJIOCTb oTHOCHTeJibHO ysKa5I, )l.JIHHH85I H HecKOJibKO pacnmpeH­ Ha5I y BeH'rp3JlbHOH CTeHKlf. B 38,ll.HeM o:r.n.eJie ee o6a HOCOBbIX BeHTpaJihHbIX xo.n,a coo6m.aioTC5I. .UopcaJihHii5I HocosaJr paKOBHHa y3Ka5I, )l.JIHHH85I. BeHT­ paJibHa5I paKoBHHa 6oJiee nmpoKa5I o6pa3oBaHa .n.opcaJibHbIM H BeHTpaJibHbIM

38BHTK8MH, coo6m.a10m.HMHC5I Co cpe.n,HJlM H BeHTpaJibHbIM HOCOBbIMH xo.n.aMH.

O:re3HOHOCOBOH npoToK OTKpb1BaeTC5I BTOpbIM OTBepcTHeM B BeHTpaJibHbIH HO­ COBOH XO)l. B o6JiacTH sa.n.Hero OT)l.eJia .BeHTP8JibHOH paKOBHHbI.

y KpynHoro poraTOro CKOTa HOCOBoe 3epKaJIO npO)l.OJI>KaeTC5I Ha BepXHIOIO

1y6y, o6pa3yB Hocoryl5Hoe 3epKaJIQ _..._ planum- nasolabiale, CpaBHHTeJibHO He6oJibIIJHe H03)l.pH WHpOKO . paccTaBJieHbl, <PopMa HX OB3JibH85I c .n.opcoJiaTe­ paJibHbIM K.pbIJIOBblM JKeJIOOOM - sulcus alaris. KpbIJib5I Hoca yToJIW.eHhl, MaJio-

llO)l.BHLKHbl. .B OCHoBY .n.opc8JibHoro . KpbIJia 38Jio:>i<eHa IlJl8CTHHK8 KpbIJIOBOfO

Xp5IIIJ.8, 'npO).J.OJl>K810lII,85IC5I OT HOCOBOH neperopo)l.KH, a B OCHOBY BeHTpaJib­

Horo · Kpb Jia Hoca - 5IKopeBH)l.HbIH xp5Im., oTx6.n,5IIII.HH OT Toii >Ke nJiacTHHKH; OH coe)l.HHHM'CH c BeHTp8JibHbIM 60KOBblM Xp5IlII,OM Hoca• .UopcaJibHble H BeHT­ paJibHble 60KOBb1e .XpSIIII.H cpacTalOTC5I B 38,ll.Heii qac'rH HocoqeJilOCTHOH Bb!pe3KH,

epopMHPYH,OOKOBYIO CTeHKY Hoca, a Henocpe.n.cTBeHHO Il038)l.H . KpbIJIOBb!X xp5I- m.eii Mey HHMil BH,ll,Ha Bbipe3K8. .

.Uopcam HaH paKoBHHa )l.JIHHHa5I, y3Ka5I;· BeHTpaJibH85I, HanpoTHB, nmpb- Ka5I; npO,ll,QJlbHOH ne ero O)l.KOH oHa 83.lleJieHa Ha 0 caJibHblH H H liJibHblH OT,l{eJibl. opcaJibHa5I IlOJIOBHHa ·BeHTp8JibOH paKOBHHbl coo6ruaeTC5I co cpe.n.­ HHM_ HOCOBblM XOJlOM, a . BeHTp3JibH85I ee IlOJIOBHH8 - c BeHTp8JibHblM XOJlOM.

BeH03Hoe cnJieTeHHe H8XO)l.HTCSI TOJibKO B cJIH3HCTOH o6oJioqKe Hocosoli nepe- ropo.n.KH H .n.ua uocosoii noJIOCTH. HocoBa5I neperopo.n.Ka lie pa3rpaHHqHsaeT IlOJIHOCTblO 33,ll,HHH OT,ll,eJI HOCOBOH IlO-JIOCTH, BCJie)l.CTBHe qero o6a BeH'rp3JlbHblX

uocosblx xo.n.a coo6ma10TC5I .11pyr c npyroM•

. y MeJIKH >KBaqHbJX HMeeTC5I TOJlbKO HOCOBoe sepKaJio - planum.nasale -

TpeyroJibHbii cpopMbl, co cpe.n.HHHbIM >KeJio6KoM. Ho3.n.PH S-o6pa3Ho:H, y.n.JIH- · HeHHOH q,opMbI, '

Y JIOllla)l.H Hocosoro aepKaJia HeT. Ho3.n.pH 6oJibll1He, no.nyJiyHHOH <PopMbl, c . Me,l{H8JlbHOH BOrHYTOCTblO. JlaTepaJibHOe (EeHTpaJihHOe) Kpb!JIO HOCa OrH6aeT

MellHaJibHO .11opcaJihHhrli KoHeu Me,AHaJJbHoro (Aopcui.Horo) Kpb!Jia noca, o6pa .

.. 3Y5I Han HHM BXO)l. B HOCOBOH .n.HBepTHKyJI. Ocuosy .zvrn KpbIJibeS Hoca C03)l.8eT

Kpb!Jioso:H xp5IIII. c nJiacTHHKOH H pmKKOM. IlJiacTiiHKa Kpw.osoro xp5IIIJ.8 no.n.- 11ep>KHB8eT mepeJVHOIO DOJIOBliHY BeH!rpaJihHOfO Kpb!Jia Hoca, B TO speMH H:alf 3a)l.H5I5I ero IlOJIOBHHa . JIHilleHa Xp5Illi,esoro OCTOBa. • .

Ko>Ka Me.n.itaJihHoro KpbIJia Hoca npH. nepexo.n.e c nJiacTHHKH KpbIJIOBoro xpmu.a Ha CTe iKY HOCOBOH IlOJIOCTR 4JopMnpyeT HOCOBOii ,nll.BepTHKyJl -= di- verticulum nasi - KOHYCOBH)l.HOH <l><>PMbI, rny6HHOH JJ.o 5-7 CM; cnepe.zur

B BeHTP8JibHOH ero CTeHKe HMeeTC5I BbipeaKa; BeplllHHa KoHyca HanpaBJieHa K38.IJ;li Hoa;ijm MoryT oqeHb u111po1m pac1q:>bJB8TbCH, pacT$1rlrna51 npM 3TOM

H8traJIO HOCOBoro .lJ.HBepTHl<yJia, qeMy cnoco6cTBy10T-ero BeH'rp8JlbH 5I Bblpf3K8 H oTCyTCTBHe 6oKoBblx xp5Im.ei'i B JiarepaJibHOH cTeHKe HOCa\

J.fa• 60KOBhIX HOCOBbIX XpiiuteH eCTb TOJibKO 'AOPCaJibffhle, 'A8 If 1e HesHaqH-

.Te.JlbHbJX paaMepoB, 06e HOCOBbie paKOBHlfbJ OOJlbWHe H pa3)l.eJijJIOTC5I BHyrpeH­

HHMH neperopo.D.KaMH ua nepe.n.HHe H 38,ll.HHe PT.ll.eJiht. Depe.n.nHe OT.ll.eJibl coo6-,. l:Y,aIOTCfl co Cpc:JUHIM HOCOBbJM XO'A()M, 3a;1.1;1me :me 0l)(t!Jlbl CBOHMH JU>pCaJihHblMH

. H BelITpaJibHbIM Kp85IM t npHKpenJI5IIOTC5I K JiaTepaJibHOH CTeHKe Hoca H He co­ e)l.Ha5IIOTC5I H;enocpe,ll.CTBeHHO cd cpe.D.HHM HOCOBbJM XO,l{OM. 3a,n;HHH OT.lJ.eJI .llOP

C8JlbHOH pal<OBHHbJ IllHpOKO coo6m.aeTC5I c JI06HOH' na3yxoii, o6p{l8yH BMecTe c ·aeH: Jio6HopaKoBHHHYIO na3yxy .L sinus conchofroiitalis. 3a.n.HHH o.T.lle.11 BeHT­ paJibHoH: paKOBHHbI IIIHpOKO coo6m.aeTC5I C BepXHeqeJIJOCTHOH naayxoii, oopasyH paKOBHHHOBepxHeqeJIIOCTHoe OTBepCTHe - apertura oilchon:iaxillari .

. np5IM8si CKJia,ztKa .D;OpC8Jlb}lOH paKOBHHbJ B cpe,ll.HeH qacTH )l.BOHd85I, 0cH.O­ BOH KpbIJIOBOH CKJl8.ll.KH CJI}'1KHT.·o6pa3HbJH Xp5IIII. - cartilago sigmoidea,

. 5IBJI5IJOUJ.HlicH npH.ll.8TKOM BeHTpaJibHoii paKOBHHbI. Kpb1JIOa5I cKJI8.D.Ka saKaH·

266

trnsaeTcSI y nJiaCTHHKH KpbIJIOBoro xpmn:a. Cpe.n:HHH HocosoH: XO.ll K38llH He·.paa­

.D.BaesaeTCSI. Pe3UOBhIH ·KaHaJI B poTosyro noJibCTh He oTKpbIBaeTcSI., Tak KaK He6Hhle m.eJIH peauoshlx KOCTeH 3aKphIThl xpSim.eBhIMH HMHhlMH OTJJOCTKaMH, OTXO.llSIUJ.HMH OT xpSim.esoH: HocosoH: neperopo.D.KH. Gso60.lJ.Hhle KOHUbl OTpoCTK()B HanpaBJieHhl snepeJJ..

BeH03Hhle cnJieTeHHSI no.D. CJIH3HcTofi o6oJIO'llKoli CHJibHO paaBHThl Ile tOllb- · KO Ha HOCOBOH neperopo.D.Ke, HO H Ha paKOBHHax, oco6eHHO Ha BeHTpaJlbHOH - plexus cavernosi concharum. , · · .

0KOJiouocoswe na3yxu -sinus paranasal es npe11cT8BJIS1ID'r .ro6o:A . no- JIOCTH Me:>K.D.Y Hapy:>KHbIMH H BlfyTpeHHHMH WI8CTHHK8MH HeKOTOpbIX IlJIOCKX

KOCTeH CKeJieTa fOJIOBhI, KOTOphle ·vaHaTOMH'llec,!<H 'coo6maJ?TCSI c HOBOH . no­ JIOCTblO H EbICT JHUlbl OYeHb TQHKOH C!Ui3HCTOH o6oJIOQKOH, cpcTaIOineHCSI c . Ha.llKOCTHHUeH. K oKoJio_aocoBhIM naayxaM oTHOCSITcm · sepxHe'lleJIIDCTHaSI - sinus maxillaris, Jio6HaSI -- sinus frontalis, KJIHHoBH.llHasi - sinus sphenoida­

lis, ne6Ha51 sinus palatim.is. OplnleM OHH HMelOTCS: He y Bcex >J(HBOTHbIX H He

B . JJID60M BoapacTe· OllHH8KOBO xopomo paaBHTbl.

CTeneHh pa3BHTHH .na3yx 3aBHCHT OT pHJJ,a ct>.aKTopos: OT MOllJ.HOCTH :>KeBa­ TeJibHoro annapaTa, B '18CTHOCTH Kop@HHWX ayoos;. y poraTOfO CKOTa TaK>i<e 01' HaJIH'llHSI poroB, y CBHHbH - B CBH3H c CHJlbHbIM paaBHTHeM 3aTbIJIO'llHO­ TeMeHHOrO OT.lle.rla qepena. Jlyqme scero na3yxH Bh_l pa>KeHhl ·y Kpyneoro pora-

TOro CKOTa, xopomo y . CBIHlbH w JIOll18;ll,H H HaH6oJI@@ c.11a60 y co6aKH.

Ha Bcex na3yx JIHmh sepxHe'lleJIIDcTHaH coe.D.HHSieTCSI c HocoBoH noJIOCThID

.llOBOJihHO KpynHbIM HocotteAIOcmH.bl.M omBepcmueM - apertura nasomaxillaris,

a OC iaJJbHhle ·C006HJ;a!OTC5f C HeH TOJiblffi MCJIImMH OTBcpCTIHl:MH. B B@pXH@ .

'lleJI10cTHoH: naayx no.n cJIH3HCToli o6oJio'llKoH: ee JIa TepaJibHoii cTeHKH 3aJio:>KeHa IlJIOCKaH JiaTepaJibHaH H,OC08afl Of:eAesa -glv. nasalis late:r:alis. BbIBO.llHOH np(>­ TOK >KeJieabl H!(e I IIO.ll CJil'f3HCTOM o6oJIOlfKOH cpe;1u1cro IIOCOBOFO XO;ll,a H OTKpbI

BaeTCSI B o6JiaCTH npHMOH CKJia.llKH .llOpcaJihHOH HOOBOH paKOBHHbl HJIH 6oJiee Kay.llaJibHO. . . . . .

Oco6eRRacmu. Y co6aKn sepxnet1emo.:TH<HI na:tyxa oTCYTCTByeT, ' ee 38Me

HHeT . pacmHpeHHe HdCOBOH IlOJIOCTH Me>KJJ,Y pemeT'll8TOH H BepXHe'lleJIIOCTHOH KocTHMH, TaK uaahIBaeMhIH sepxHe'lleJIIDCTHoH peueccyc - recessus maxillaris. Jlo6HaH naayxa .OOJiblliaH, paa;n;eJIHe'ICH f!a nepe;u;tnrii' M 38ll;llMM orl>I, coo6- maeTCSI, co cpe.llHHM HOCOBh M XO)lOM.

y CBHHbH BepxHe'lleJllOCTHaH naayxa pacnoJIO>KeHa B BepxHe'lleJIIOCTHOH H

CJie3HOH KOCTHX, a y CTapbIX ·)KHBOTHblX npoc•rnpae IC>! eme B He6Hy10 If CKyJio- syro 'KocTH. HocoqeJIIDCTHoii xo.n JJe>KHT Ha ypoBHe 6-7-ro KopeHHoro 3y6a. K.nHHOBH.nHaH naayxa 60Jibll1aH, 38H!IMaeT TeJio KOCTH, ee BliCO'llHble Kpb!JlhH, KpbIJIOBhle OTJ?OCTKH H ·3aXO.llHT B 'llelliyID BHcoqaoli KOCTR. Cuo6w;aerc51 c BeHI­ paJibHbIM HOCOBbIM XO)lOM, Jio6HaSI naayxa y CTapbIX 2KHBOTHbIX coo6maeTCSI co qe.D.HHM HOCQBbIM XO.llOM MeJIKHlrn OTBepcTHHMH. H BKJIID'llaeT IlOJIOOTH Te-

MeHHoli KOCTH H 3aTblJIO'llHOH qemyH smus frontalis lateralis et caudalis.

Y Kpymtoro poraTOro cKoTa sepxHe'lleJIIDCTHaH naayxa o6umpHaSI; nepe.ll­

HHH ee rpaHeua npoXO.llHT Ha yposHe 3-ro 1<0peHHoro 3y6a,. a 38.llHK?ID rpaHH.., uy o6paayeT KocTHhIH cJie3Hh1H: nyahlph. Me.nHaJIIHo oHa umpoKo coo6IiJ,aeTcsr

. c o6mHpHoH He6HoH na3yxoH:, Jie>Km.eH: B He6HOM OTpOC'rKe BepxHeH eJIIOCTH H 11 .He6HoH KOCTH .a .llO COKa .ll8JlbHO .:.._ c IlOJIOCTblO CJie3HOH KOCTH. Hoco-

'lleJIIOCTHOH XO.ll pacnOJIO:>KeH B IlJIOCKOCTH -ro KopeHHoro 3y a. aTepanb­ Hhle HOCOBble )l{e.ne3hl OTCYTCTBYIDT. Jio6HaH na3yxa· o6lliHpHaH, nepe.i:tHSIH rpa­ HHUa ee npoXO.llHT Me>K.ZI.Y op6HT8MH, .a K38)J,H OHa npocTHpaeTCSI B porosoii OT- pOCTOK, B TeMeHHYIO KOCTb H qacTH'IJHQ B 'lleIIIyJO .3aTblJIQqHoH KOCTH. C006m.aeT­

CH HecKOJihKHMH MeJIKHMH oTsepcTHSIMH co cpe.llHHM HocoBhIM xo.D.oM. KJIHHo­ BHJJ,HaB na3yxa coo6maeTCSI c BeHTpaJibHblM HOCOBbIM XO.llOM O.KOJIO HOCOBOH rieperopoJJ,KH. . . • •

YJ.3 MeJIKHX >KBa'IJHbJX y oseu JI06Hble naayx HHatrnTeJibHhle; OHH 38HHMa­

IOT TOJlhKO JI06Hble KOCTH. B OTJy;f'IJHe OT KpynHoro poraTOrp .CKOTa HMelQTCSI Jia-

. repaJihHble Hocosble >KeJie3hl. KJIHHOBHJJ,Hhle na3yxH OTCYTCTBYIOT. . ·

y JIOll18)J,H .BepHe'leJJIOC:HaSI na3yxa COe.llHHSleTCSI c 38,!{HHM OT.lJ.eJlQM BeJ!T-

267

paJlbHOH . paKOBHHb( o6umpHbIM paKOBMHHOBepxHeqeJIIOCTHbIM OTBe'pcTHeM - aperfora cOJ;ichotnaxillaris - H c Jio6uoH: na3yxoH: - JI06HoBepxHeqeJI10cTHhIM OTBepcTHeM - apertura frontomaxillarjs. BepxHeqeJIJOCTHaH na3yxa npocTH­ paeTCH OT cerMeHTaJIJ:>HOH rMOCKOCTH, npOXO.llHUI.eH Me:>K.ziy 2,-M ·H 3-M MOJIHpa­

MH HJfH qepe3 4-H MOJIHp, .no 6yrpa ,eepxneH: qeJIJOCTH, a ,!!;OpcaJlbHO 3aXOT B

. cJie3uy10 H eKyJI0By10 KoctH. CotxmieHHo BepxHeqeJI10cTHaH · na3yxa B nJioc­

. KOCTH 4---'5-ro HJIH· 5-6-rq KopeHHoro . 3y6a pa3,lleJJHeTCSI neperopO.llKOH - septum sinuum maxillrium ua nepeitn1010, MaJiyJO R 3'a.nu1010, 60JIJ:>llly10 qeJIIOCTHYIO !Jasyxy. . ..

EoAblllafl tteAJOCfnHO.JJ naayxa .:_ sirius maxillaris ·rostralis - B o6.llacTH MeJtHaJihublx Kpaers cp61n coo6w;aeTrn oolllHpHMM o'fnepCTHeM c JI06Hopi=1KO-

BHHHOH na3yxoH:,' c KJI.HHOHe6Hoff nasy"oH: H Ha ypoBHe 5-6-ro KopeHHbro 3y6a (JiaTep,aJTbHO oT Bel!TpaJihHOH paKoBHHbI) HocoqeJIJOCTBhIM OTBe cmeM co '

MaAaR· . tte.AIOCmHO.Jl .naayxa - sinus ma.xillaris caudalis - coo6maeTCH tiepe3 HocoqeJIIOCTHoe OTBepCTHe co cpe,llHHM HOCoBblM XO,llOM H c 3a)lHHM OT,llCJIOM

:seurpaJIEHo0 ¹paKpBRHhI. ; · ·

Jlo6nopa;c08J,litHOJt TU13yxa - sinus conchofrontalis --- pacnoJIO:>KeHa B Jio6-

HpH: KOCTH ij B 3a_AHeM OT,lleJie .nopcaJibHOH HOCOBOH aKOBHHbI. ne e HHSI r a-

' q HT B IlJlOCKOCTH -ro Kope,HHOro sy6a, a 3a,llHHH B fjJIOCKOCTH nepe)lffeff .lfflCTH ' qeJIIOCTHOf'? cyaTaBS. 0Ha ci>o6maeTCH c . BepxHeqeJIIOCTHOH daayi<lH .· ff· qepe3 Hee c HOCOBOlf noJIOCTblO. ' .

/(.Awume6HaJl na<iyxa - sinus sphenopalatinus . pa3Mem;aei:cH 13 TeJie KJ{HHOHJJ;HOH KOCTH, B BepTHKaJibHOH nJiaCTHHKe He6HOH KOCTH lf coo6maeTCH

c BeHTPaJihHhIM HOCOBhIM xo.noM. . · ·