1 , IlOJl'bH3y'ihYii aepe - n. Hypoglossus - .NsHraTe.RrbHhIh Heps .N:mi meiIlln:
. H3hIKa H DOf{'bSISLlqHQH KOCTH.' OH HatIHHaeTCH HS npO.IJ.OJirOBaTOrd Mosra, Bhl
XOJJ;HT ttepe3 DO.lt'MfShlttHoe ornepcrne H B o6Jtacru HSblKa AeJ1H'I'C>1 ua nosep:x HOCTHYIO H rnyooKyIO HSbltIHhle BeTBH -· rr. linguales superficialis et profundus•
. I
BEf etath b ha}I, hji h abto homha}I,
' H EPB HAjJ CHCTEMA
A,nanTaUHg, HJIH npucnoco6Jiemie opraHuSMa K ycJIOBHSJM cym:ecTBOBaHusi, HeB03MO:>KHa 6es COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHX HSMeHeHHH a opraHaX H CHCTeMaX, q6ec-
OCyIUecTBJlffiOTCH BereTatHBHhlM OT)teJIOM HepBHOlf CHCTeMDI.
B saeuHMOCTH OT' pacnono)l(eHuH BereTaTuBHbIX ueH1'{)0B H CTPYKTYP·
.IVIH KOTOphlx· npe,nHasttatieHbI 'uepBHhle npOBOJJ;HHKH, nepe.n;aIQIUHe HMDYJihCbll OT ueH'fPOB K HCDOJIHHTe.rrbHBIM OpraHaM, BereTaTHBHEIH OT,ll;eJI HepBHOH CHCTeMEI
no.n;pas.ne.n:sierc11 Ha CHMnaTutiecKyro H napacli naTHtiecKyro ll CTH, HS KOTOplilX
cuJ.tnamutteeKa.R. t/4Cmb - pars syrnpatica _.._ npe.n;HasuatieHa .IVIH HHHepilan:HH opraifoe cep.AelJHo-cocy.n;ucroii CliICTeMbl, a napacUMnamu'li!clWJl - pars para' syrnpatica - ocymecTBJIHet ·HHepeauHIO ;>1<e.nes H ilcex BHYTPeHHHX opraHo:S.
B CBHSH o TaKHM no.zq>as11eJieHueM s OTJIH11He OT uepe6pocnuHaJI9uoro OT11e.na HepBHOH cHcTeMl;J eereT8'l'J!BHblH OT.n;e.n: ffM\eeT psi.n: aym:ecTBeHHbIX MOp<}>o.noru-
qecKHX OTJIHlIHfl. . ,
*
-
1. ECJIH acWJepeHTHhle HepBHbie BMOKHa uepe6pocnHH8JihH1>1x HepBOB npe.11.HaSHatiem.I TOJihKO .l{JIH CKeJieTHhIX MblWU,, TO B BereTaTHBHOM OT.U:eJle
q,epeHTHhle BOJIOKHa yqacTB)riOT B HHHep1;1all.uH He TOJibKO MhIWU BHYTPeH,HHX
oprauos H }f{e.Jiea BHerIIHeH H BHYTfleHHeif.ceKpeuuu (naP.aCHMD811QIE;CKas HH- HepBaUHSI) HO H scex OT)teJIOB cep.netIHO-cocy,nHCTOH CHCTeM'Iil (CHMilaTHllecKaH uH1iepBaum1). YtIHTbIBasi, tiro cocy.n;hl HMeIOTCH BO ecex 6es ucKJIIOtieHHH opra
Hax, TO CBMnaTWiecKHe HepBbI H HX BOJlOKHa npOXOJJ;SIT KaK K cOMaTHJliOCKHM, . T8K H K BHCUepaJibHblM opraHaM.. l03T0My 1lCa>K)J.biii opraH IlOJiytiaeT :rIJOHHOH. COCTaB HepBHbIX BOJIOKOH! tiyBCTBHTeJlbHhIX, .n;HraTeJihHbIX (COM8THtiecKue HJ,IJl
napacHMnamecKne) u CHMnaTHllecKux. · ·
2. KaK ' H uepe6pocnHHa,7IbHbie,. eere'l'aTHBHhle · uep.l;lli! COCTOHT . H3 ajxpe peHTHhIX H acfxl>epeHTHEIX HepBHhlX BOJIOKOH. 0,nHaKO ecJIH a«MJepeHTHEie HeH poHhl uepe()pOCDHHaJihHEIX H CHMD8THtiecKHX HepBOB BocnpHHHMaIOT pas.n;pa meue KaH OT COM8TH11ecKHX, T8K H OT BHCuepaJibHhIX opraHOB, TO B napacHMna
THllecKOH qaCTH acW>epeHTHbJe HeHpOHhl HMeIOT OTHOIIleHHe JIHlllb K BHCUepaJib HbIM opraHID4 H pacnOJiaralOTCH B nepH<l?epHtiecKux raur)IHHX k HHTPaMypaJib ·
HhIX CDJiereHHSIX. Clle.n;oBaTe.rrbHO, . napaCHMil8THlJecKHe UeHTPhl IlOJiytiaIO'l\ HH<l>opMaUHIO TOJibKO cd CTOpOHbI HHepBHpyeMbIX HMO opraHOB. 8THM H OO'b
HCHSleTCJI OTHOCHTeJlhH8.SI aBTOHOMHSI BereTaTHBHOro OT.1J.e.1I8 HepBeOA CHCT.
469
HMeJOIU,ero xpaKTepHbie OTJIHllHH B CTPOeHHH coGcTBemlliix pe<l)JieKTOPHhIX
,n;yr . ,
3. Bee uepeGpocnHHaJihHh e HepBHhie KJieTKH Jie:>KaT TOJibKo s cepoM se m.ecTBe cnHHHoro. HJIH rDJIOBHOro M03ra H raHr./fHHX HX HepBOB, B TO speMH KaK TeJia 9qxpepeHTHbIX KJieTOK BertfraTHBHoro OT,n;eJI'a HepBHOH CHCTeMbI Haxo
J(HTCH
Ha
nepHcpepHH,
a
HMeHHO
CHMnaTH11ecKHe
-
B
OKOJIOil03BOHOllHblX
HJIH
npe,n;n03BOHOIJHbIX
raHrJIHHX
a
BHYTPHCTeHHhIX) HJIH s 9KCTpaMypaJibHbIX (opraHHbIX) raHrJIHHX opraHOB ro JIOBh , rpy,n;Hoii:,_ GpIOI.IIHOH H Ta3osoii: nOJIOCTeH:. ,
4. TeJia BCTaBOllHhIX HeH:poeos, nepe.na10w.ux HepBHble HMnyJibCbl e 11ys-
·cTBHTeJibHoro 3BeHa Ha J(BHraTeJibHOe B sereTaTHBHblX Hepsax, B npOTHBO IlOJIO:>KHOCTb cnHHHoM03roBh M d6pa3y10T ueeTpbI, pacnoJiomeHHhle HJIH s GoKo BhIX porax cnHHHOro M03ra (CHMil3Tl:UleCKafl 'IaCl'b), HJIH B CWOJIOBOii: ttac lR
roJIOBHoro H B KpeCTUOBOM OTJ(eJie cnHHHoro M03ra (napacHMilaTHtiecKaH llaCTb), If CBOHMH OTPOCTKaMH BblXOJ(HT 3a npe,n;eJibl M03ra, 3aKaHIJHBaHCb Ha Tax ajxpepeHtHb X KJIPTOK, H3XD,!{SIW,HXCfl B FJepmpep'fflfeCKHX rallrJIHHX. fio9TOMY
*
·B aereTaTHBHbIX Hepsax BCTaBOllHhle HeHpOHhiOTHOCHTCH K npe,n;y3JIOBbIM, HJIH
npeeaHZAU01-tap 1-tw.t, HepBHhIM BOJIOK!faM - neurofibra • preganglionica, a
ipepeHTHp e K nocmzaff.<JAttoHapublAt neurofibra postganglionica.
_ 5. HaJIHtIHe aqxpepeHTHOii: cBH3H coMaTHtiecKHX H BHcuepaJibHh X opraHOB 11epe3 nocpe,n;cTBO nperaIrJIHOHapHblX (BCTaBOtIHb!X) HepBHbIX BOJIOKOH c HX 3¢<PepeHTHblMH BOJIOKHaMH o6ycJIOBJIHBaeT HX MupqxxpyHKUHOH8JlbHYIO 3aBH- CHMOCTb KK M,n;y coGoH:, TaK H c Bb!CWHMH OT,ne;JJaMH roJIOBHOrO Mo3ra. Do
CJie,n;Hee He· TOJibKO ,n;aeT o6'hHCHeHHe MeXaHH3My Bb paOOTKH (JeayCJioBHb!X pe<P
JieKCol! co ocex opranos TeJla, ;nelicTBHIO IaHIJIHOJIRTHKOB u HoBoKanHoBhlX 6.Jio- Ka,n;, HO H onpoaepraeT MHeHHe 00 aBTOHOMHOCTH sereTaTJIBHoro OT,n;eJia Heps
Hoii: cHcTe. CJJe,n;osaTeJihHO, sereTaTHBHh H PT.AeJI HepsHoii: cHTeMhl npe,n; CTiiBJIHeT CO.OOH CHeWfaillH3MposaHHylO lfacTb e,n;1rnoH HepBHOH CHCTeMbl, B KOTO-
poH: see ee 9JleMeHTbI IlOJ(llHHeHb! Bb!CI.IIHM UeHTpaM, 3aJIO:>KeHHblM B Kope roJIOB Horo Mo3ra.
PasBHTHe sereran1sao10 mll,ena aepneoii CHCTeMbl. Y 6ecno3BOHotIHhIX
npoHCXOJ(HT BbIJ(eJieHHe H3 COMaTHtiecKOro OT,n;eJia HepBHOH CHCTeMbl qaCTH Heps
.Hb
X
.3JleMeHTOB,
npe,n;Ha3HatieHHh
X
,n;JIH
HHHepsan:HH
KHWe'IHoii
T 6KH.
B
11acT-
' - . Bbl,
KOTOpble
OTXOJ(HT
OT
rJIOTOIJHOrO
raHrJIHH
H
HMe-
IOT B CBOeM CQC't'aBe CaMOCTOHTeJlbHbie raHrJIHH. Y qJleHHCTOHOrHX 9TH HepBbl
,n;ocTHraJOT 3HatIHTeJihHoro pa3BHTHH. Pa3.neJieHHe sereTaTHBHoro OT eJia H
·y
BhICI.IIHX
HaceKOMb
X,
y
KOTOpbIX
KpaHHaJibHblii:
H
Kay
.iiaJibHh e OT.l{eJibl C9QTBeTCTBYIOT napaCHMilaTHlleCKOH, a cpe,n;HHH - CHMnaTH- tie<;:Koii: _ 11acTH. _
y Kµyrnop01b X caMOCTOHTeJibij blX sereTaTHBHblX raHPJIHeB HeT, XOT51
6Jiym,n;aIOI:gHH
Heps
H
BHcuepaJibHblC
BeTBH,
OTX.OJ(HIUHe
OT
CilHHHOMO
rOBb
X
HepsoB,
HMeJOTCH.
y
Bb!CIIIHX
x
HIU,eBhIX
b
6
n
OHCXO
HT
Bb
Ta
bHb
X
r(!HrJIHeB.
a3MeIU,a!OTCH
OHH
MeTaMepHo
BJ(OJlb
aopTbI
H
coe,n;HHHIOTCH
seTBHMH
co
cnHHHOM03rOBhl
MH
HepsaMH.
OT
Kam,n;oro
raHrJIHH
OTXOJJ:HT
BHcue
. paJibHble BeTBH J{ BHyTpeHHHM. opraHaM, me OHH 06pa3ytt;n Cill1eTeH1H:I c aamo-
:>KeHHhIMH s HHX KJieToqHb MH 9JieMeHTaMH. HatIHHaH c KOCTHCThIX pbI6, raHrJIHH o6oeJJ.HHHTCH MY co6oif MemraHrJIHOHapHbIMH CElH3HMH, o6pa3yH npaBh ii: H JieBhIH CHMnaTHllecKHe CTBOJihl: KpaHHaJibHO OHH 33XD,!{HT' B OOllacTh FOJIOBbI, a Kay',n;aJihHO - B o6JiaCTh - xsocrn.
y 3eMHOBO.l(Hb X 3a ClleT o6pa3oBaHHH ,JtBOHHblX CBH3eii: Me:>K.ll;y CHMilaTHlle
CKHMH raHrJIHHMH HJ(eT o6pa30B3HHe J(BOHHOrO (nosepxHOCTHOro H rnyGoKoro) cHMnaTHtiecKoro CTBOJia. B CBH3H c no,n;paa,n;eJieHHeM TYJIOBHIUa Ha OT,n;eJihl y . Ha3eMHbIX Il03BOHOllHb X npoFlcXOJ(flT. CJIHHHHe OTJ(eJibHbIX ' raHrJIHeB Mem,n;y coGoii H COOTBeTCTBYIOIU.He H3MeHeHHH BO B3aHMOOTHOµIeHHHX Me:>K.nY. nosepx
HOCTHbIM H rJIYOOKHM CHMilaTHtieCKHMH CTBOJiaMH, IJTO oco6eHHO xapaKTepHO
.ztJIH IlleiiHoro OT,n;eJia TYJIOBHIU,a. .
B 6pJOI.IIHOM OT)'.l.eJie y Ha3eMHhl no3soH011HbIX s ·csH3H co 3HaqHTeJihHhIM YMHHeHHeM 1rnm.esapHTeJihHOH Tpy6KH, IlOBOpOTaMH :>KeJIY.l{Ka H KHweqHHKa
470
OTMetialOT He·ToJibKO COKpaw.eHHe IJHCJia cerMeHTapHblX KposeHOCHblX cocy.zioB; HO H COOTBeTCTBYIOW.YIO KOHU.eHTpaU.HIO CHMnaTHlleCKHX raHrJIHeB.
B npou.ecce sMGpuoreHeSa y MJieKonHTalOUJ.HX cnMnaTntiecKaH 11aCTh sere TaTHBHoro OT.l(eJia HepBHOH CHCTeMbl pa3BHsaeTCH H3 Helipo9KTO!lepMbl QoKOBOro OTJlMa HepBHOH Tpy6KH H BhlCeJIHeTCH 3a npe.zr.eJibl cnHIHoro M03Fa no BeHT paJibHbIM KopemKaM cnHHHoMo3rOBbIX HepBoB. OGpa3osaBI11HHCH napHbIH CHM naTHtiecKHii:·TH:>K 3areM <jJparMeHTnpyeTCH Ha oT.neJihHble Y3JihI cnMnaTH11ecKoro
CTBOJia (napaBepTeGpaJibHhl e Y3Jlbl ), HMelOIUHe coe.nuHeIJHH KaK Me:>K.ny coGoif, TaK H c COOTBeTCTB}IOUJ.HMH 'cnHHHOM03rdBblMH HepsaMH H GoKOBbIMH poraMH
cerMeHTOB cnHHHoro Mo3ra. lJacTh HepBHbIX KJieTOK cMew.aeTCH GJIH:>Ke K opra
HaM, oGpa3yH npesepTeGpaJibHhi e raHrJIHH HJIH OTneJibHhl e CKOnJieHHH HepBHblX KJieTOK no ' xo.n.y BHctiepaJibHbIX HepBOB. ' l1HTpaMypaJibHble, napacHMnaTHtiecKHe raHrJIHH oopa3ylOTCH 3a ClleT Bhl CeJieHHH KJieTOllHbIX 9JleMeHTOB H3 CTBO.f!OBOH YaCTH fOJIOBHoro H KpecTIIOBOfO
OTJteJioB cnHHHOfO M03Fa.
COCTAB BEFETATHBHOFO OT)lEJIA HEPBHOR CHCTEMbl
BerernTHBHhlH OTJJ;eJI HepBHoH: cucreMbl BKJI1011aeT sereTaTHBHble . ueHTpbI,
BereTaTifBHhie raHI'.!IHH, BertnaTHBHhie HepBbI H BereTaTHBHhre cnJieTeHHSL
BereTaTnee1i1e u,eeTphl 3aJIO:>KeHhI BoKpyr Mo3roBh!X :>Ke.ny.no11KoB, Mo3- rosoro Bo.n.onposo.n.a u U.eHTpaJibHoro cnuiisoM03rosoro KaHaJI.a B BH.ne cKonJie HHH ceporo Bell\E!CTBa (o.anHo•mhle HJIH KoifrnoMepaThl H.aep). M.x ·Mo:>KHO no.a
-
a3.neJIHTb: a) Ha ueHTpbI ,eunoinG.AaMyca (cocy.n.ocy:>KHBaIOUJ.He - cuMnaTH11e cKHe, cocy.zi:opacIIIQpHIOUJ.He H HeHpOCeKpeTOpHble - napaCHMnaTHllecKHe U.eHT
pLI); 6) M<>seoeoe8 Cfl't60lta, ,B KOTOpOM Bbf;l{CJHllOTCH UeHTpbI cpettIIel'O M031'a
(3pa11Kosoe, HJIH SIJ(po 9.nn:Hrep - BecT<jJaJIH, ...:_ napacnMnaTHtiecKne ueHTpbl, Be.n.a10w.ne <jJyHKU.HeH U.HJieapHbIX ·u 3patIKOBblX MblllIU), ueHTpbI M03rosoro MOC Ta (pocypaJibHoe cJttoHOOT;ltCJUfTeJlbHOe Jif CJIJifHCTO-CJIC31IOHOCOBoe naparnMna- THtiecKoe H}.{pa), U.eHT{Jbl npo.noJiroBaToro Mo3ra (Kay.n.aJihHoe CJIIOHOOT)l.eJIHTeJih Hoe H.U.po u H)ij)a 6.ny:>KJJ;aIDw.ero Hepsa); B) cnuH.HOCO MO&a (cttMnaTHtieqrne H.n.pa
npOMeJKY IOLtlIOJial'epaJibHOI 0 I paKTa HJU1 CIIHHHOM031'0BOH l(eHTP 51Ko6cm:ia,
paco0Jiara10UJ.Hib1 B 'npe.neJiaX OT c VIII .no L n -L IV, H napacHMnaTH
qecKHe UeHTpbI KpecTu.osoro · oT.neJia, HaXO!lHIU.erocH Ha ypoHe L IV -L V
u .naJKe C0 II). .
BereTaTusawe raerJJHH no.n.pa3J,teJIHIDTCH Ha napa u npesepre6paJlhHh!e, opraHHble H BHYTfJHCTeHHble. .
-
a) napasepteOpaJibHhle pacrioJiaraIDTCH MeTaMepHo c npasoif u Jiesoii: 'CTOpOH no3BOHOllHOro CTOJIGa ·u COCTaBJIHIOT BMecTe c Me:>KraHrJIHOHapHbIMH BeT BHMH OCHOBy CHMOaTHllecKoro CTBOJla. CTapasepTe6paJI,bHJ?Ie raHrJIHH coe.nnHeHhl c COO'tBeTCTByIOUJ.HMH cnHHHOM03FOBblMH HepsaMH nperaHrJIHOHapHbIM}i, 6eJihl
' MH (rr. communjcans alba) H cepb!MH (rr. communicans grisea) coe.nliHHTeJlh HhlMH BeTBHMH. CTepsble BhIXO!lHT H3 npoMeJKYTOll HOJiaTepaJibHoro TpaKTa B COCTaBe JlBHf8TeJII>Horo KopellIKa H coe.nHHHIOT UHTP c COOTBeTCTBYIOUJ.HM raH fJIHeM; OT nOCJIHero 6epyT HaqaJIO nOCTraHrJIHOHapHble BOJIOKHa, HanpaBJIHIO w.ttecH K sHyTpeHHHM opraµaM HJIH so3spaw.a10w.eecH (rr. communicans grisea) B COCTaB cnHHHOM03fOBoro iiepsa, c BeTBHMH KOTOporo npHHHMalOT yqacTHe B HHHepsau.uu COMaTHtieCKHX opraHoB; •
6) npespTe6paJibHbie' raHrJIHH HaXOJlHTCH B OT118JieHHH OT no3BOHOIJHOrO CTOJI6a H pacnoJiaralOTCH B MecTax OTXO:>KJleHHH KpynHblX apTepHaJibHblX co
cy.noB (Hapy:>KHaH H BHyTpeHHHH COHHhle, nJ:IeqeroJIOBHaH, qpeBHaH, KpaHHaJih HaH H Kay.l(bHaH 6peelJHhle). yqacTByIOT B o6pa30B8Hij H COOTBeTCTBYIOW.HX' HepBHhIX cnJiereauH:; 1
B) opraHHhle u , BHYTPHCTeHHble· (HHTpaMypaJibHble) raHrnuu HaXOJlHTCH B6JIH3H opraHa HJIH BHYTPH ero CTeHKH, OHH He6o-JihllIHX pa3Mepos, pacnoJia raIDTCH no xo.u.y OT.U.eJihHhl Hepsos, ex BeTBeli (pecHH11Hblli, KphlJlOHe6Hhlli, HH:>KHetieJIIOCTHoA, YllIHoli, no.zt0Hahl11Hli) HJIH BXO.l(HT, s cohas opraHHhIX
-
cnJieTeHHH (pl. myeptericus, pl. subserosus, pl. pelvinus). ·
471
BereraTHBhle 9Cf>cJ>epeuTH¥e uepea1i1e BOJ101ma, drxo.lUIUlHe OT neH1'J>OB· H ac!JcJ>epeuTHhle eepeuble BOJIOkHa, Mll.YJ.llMe oT opraHoB B ueHYphl liJiu coorner
cTayio:W.Me BereTSTMBHble raHrJIMM, MoryT o6pa30BbIBaTb :BereTaTuBHhle HepBbI (suy'ipeHHOCTHble· HepBbI ,CMMnaTMtiecKoro CTBOJia) MJIM BXOJJ:HTh B,COCTaB lle- penHhIX M cnMHHOM03rOBbIX HepBOB. '
8ere'l'aTHBHYe CDJleTeHHH o6pa3YJOTCH HJIM no Xo.n;y KpOBeHOCHbIX cocy,noB,
KOTOphle
OHM
conpOBO)KJ(alOT,
MJIH
B·
BO
oTaX
0
raua
H
H
ro
CTeHKM.
·
Otn.llU'lUR cMMnaTM:iiecKoii M napacHMnaTMl!ecKoit 1Jacreii aereTaTMBHoro OT.n;eJia HepBHbH CMCTeMhl 3aKJllOl! UOTCH B CJie IO M"
UeHTpbI CMMilaTHqecKoif rracTH B CBoeM pacnoJio:>KeHMM HMelOT 30HaJibHbIH
.xapaKtep (npoMeJKYTOl!,HOJiaTepaJibHbIH· TJ>aKT cnMHHoro M03ra OT C VI II .n:o
L
IV),.
napacMMnaTMllecKMe
-
oqarrisBJH: c
KpecTUOBbl OT.neJI
CilMHHoro
M03ra);
-
aqxpepeHTHble HeHpOHbl B CMM:naTMl!ecKOH J aCTM MoryY saKaHl!MBaTbCH
KaK: B r.aurJIMHX, TaK M B ueHTpax, B napacnMa·a.fm eciroH qacTH 'fOJihKO ueHYpax; • ·
-
llCTaBOIJHbl.e HeApoH,bl B CMMnaTMl!ecKOH l!3CTM MMelOT cpaBHMTeJibHO
KopoTKHe aKCOHbl, KoTOplile aaKaHYHB810T<'SI B 11apa- HJUI' B npeaeppa,JibHbIX raHrJIMHX, ror.n:a KaK .B napacMMDaTHIJecKMX OHM )J;JIMHHbte H saKaff' DfBaIOTCH HJI,H B opraHHhlX. (pecHMIJHbIH, KpbIJIOHOOHbIH, no,n'bSl3bIIJHhIH), MJIM B MHTpa-
opraHHblX ySJiaX:; 1 • •
4) 3<}1¢epeHTHhle BOJIOKHa B CMMDaWIJecKoii- IJaCTM .ltJIMHHble, a B napacHM- naTHIJecKOH - KOpoTKHe. •
CHM.DATHqECKA.SI qACTb BEf ETATHBHOfO OTJ{EJIA
HEPBHOA
CHCTEMbJ .
'
.
B'
cOCTaB CMMnaTMIJecKoH
tiaCTM
-
pars
sympathicus
-
A
472
Pac. 274. Cxer.fa CTpoeHH.11 CHMna-
. sereTaTHSHoro OT-
Aena ilepsaoa CHCTeMli:
A - rp1.11ono.11cHHqH1i1A. OTAeJJ
l - no.llCHHqHlile B s- KpeCTnO: Sble cnHHHOM03FOSble, cer.ieHTbl;
1 -CHMnauqecKHi CTBOJI; 2 -
bl raHrJJH ; • 9 -sses,l{qSTblA raHrJJHi; 4 - rpyJlHble l'SHrJJHB; 5 -qpesuoe
cnneTeHRe; 6 -noqeqHoe qeqHoe . cnJJeTeHH.11; 7 -Kay.l{an1r
-
uoe 6pb111eeeqlfoe cnneTeuae; 8 -
noAqpesHoe cnJJeTeHB; 9 - s co-
nes; 11 - s cOCY.lllil rOJiosbl; 12 -
s COCfJlbl mea; l9 -DOSSOHOqHblA
Heps; 14 s )(bl ,rpfAHOA cepAne;
s COCYAbl nerKHX; 11 - 6oJJbmoa 'sayTpeHHOCTHbli Heps; 18 -s co
CYJlhl JKenynxa, ·ueqeaa, ceneseHKH H KHllleQl!Hlea; .19 - M3.11bli' SHYT peHHOcTHbli Heps; 20 -B COCYAbl aa.l{noqeqHRKos H uoqex; 21 - noA qpeBHbli\ Heps; 22 -s COCYAbl TOJICToro OT,l{e.IJ3 KHmeqHHKa, MO•
·qenonosblx opraaos; 29 -s cocy Abl Tasosoa KOHeqaoCTH; a - npe raHrJIHOHapHble B 6 -DOCTraar- llHHapHble uepsa1i1e SOJioKHa.
BXOJV T UeHtphl, 3aJIO:>KeHHhle B OoKOBhIX porax CilHHHoro Moara (npOMelK)'• TOllHOJiarepanLHhIH TpaKT) s npe.ne.11ax OT C VI II .n.o L II-IV (S f), cHMna1-u- 11ecKnA CTBOJI c napasepTe6paJibHhIMH raHrJIHHMH H BHyTpeHHOCTHhIMH Hepsa
MH, yqaCTByIDIIlHMH BMecre c BeTBflMH 6Jiy.naIOIU,ero H Ta30BhIX HepBOB B o6- pa3oBaHHH cnJieTeHHH (pm:. 274, us" Ta6JI. XVI). · .
C n M n a T H 'l e c K u H. c T.B O JI - truncus sympathi cus (pHc. 274-1) -..,. naplthIH (dexter et sinister), npoxb.zt.HT s.noJio. no3s0Ho11Horo cTOJI6a H no.n;pa3.n;eJIHeTCH Ha rneiiHhlff, rpy.neoii, noRcHHllHLrii, KpecTUOBhIH 1 H
XBOCTOBOJf OT,l{eJlhl. IpashIA H JieBhIH CHMilaTHlleCKHe CTBOJibl HMeIOT B CBoeM
<:ocTase CHMnaTHllecKne raHrJIHH -. gn. truncf sympatici, coe.ztHHeHHh e Me:>K
. JJ.Y co6oii Me11<raHrJIH0HapHhIMH BeTBHMH - rr. ntermmglionares - H c cooT-
Be'ri:TByJOIU,HM COHHHOM03roBbIM HepBOM Coe.l{HHHTeJib'.!ibIMH BeTBHMH - rr. com municantes· (a). qucJio cHMnaTHtiecKux raHrJIHeB He so scex y'lacTKax TeJia
<:ooTBeTC;syeT llHCJIY HeiipocerMeHTOB, TaK, KaK OHH MoryT CJJ'HBaTbCSI Me)KJ(y .
. PHc. 275. CocyAbl H nepabl n pa sxo.l{e s rpy,nily10 nOJiocTbl
A - co6aKa; S -nolilaAH; 1 - aorta; 2 - a. subclavia sinistra; 9 - truncus brachio cephalicus; 4 -n. vagus; 4' -trurlcus vagosynipathicus; 5 - n. reccurens;.6 -v. cava cranialis; 7 -n. phrenicus; 7' -r. ventralis CV-CVII; ·B - a. v, thoracica interns;
-truncus sympathicus; 1 -gn. stellatum; 1 - ansa subclavil!; 12 -a. v. cervical is
-
rofunda; 19 -a. scapulans dorsaiis; 14 '- gn. cervicale medium; 15 - a. v. vertebra is; 16 - a. carotis communis; 17 -v. jugularis lnterna; 18 - v. jugularis externa; 19 -e. cervicalis superficialis; Po - a. v. axillaris; 11 -2·e pe6po; CV/ I _,.. 7-A meA·
0
1i
-
Hb1A nossoHoK; a - nam.eso.A; 6.- Tpaxe.11. ·
473
':lhUJ.r.+f:tR IX
;-"» x
PHc. 276. Cocy,nhl H HepBhI y ocHoBaHHH 11epena Ko-
. pOBhl (no I Sehreiher):
1 - truncus vagosympathicus; 2 - a. , caroti$ communis; 3 - a. carotis interna; 4 -glomus
caroticum; 4' sinus caroticus; 5 n. laryngeus cramahs; 6 . truncus linguofadalis; 7 styl o hyoidetim; 8 -'- n. sinocaroticus n. glossopharyn geus; 9 - a. carotis xterna; 10 - proc. jugul a
ris; 11 atl as; t2 a · occipitalis; 13 gn. cervicale: craniale; 14 - a. · auricularis magna; 15 - plexus caroticus; 16 - chorda tympani; 17 - n. lingualis; I X - n. glossopharyngeus;