IV denies premolares, piv den tes sec-
-
. M I
h1rii; Ml, //; Ill - denies molares; a - ar cus dentalis superior et b - inferior.
HhlX COJieH.
KopOTKOKopoHKOBble ay6pi
K 3TOMY me Timy ay6B OTHoc.sit CH H pe3UOBble ay6bl :lKBaqHbIX
TapbIX oco6eif MO)KeT CTHpaThCH 11.0 ca
MOH rneilKH. CTpn cmpaHHH ay6a
TaeT )1.eHTH-· HOM, HOBblH ,n:eHTHH HMeeT OOJiee
TeMHYIO OKpaCKY H . Ha3blBaeTCH
ayoHOH 3Be3AQH.
P,AU HHOKOpOHJ«JfJbP3 ay6bt
hypselodontes hypselos - Bblco Knft) xapaRtepnayIOTCH oqeHh
Jl.JIHHHOH KOpOHKOH, KOTOpaH H3
poTOBOH nOJIOCTli hpO,llOJI:lKaeTCH JIYHOqKy, BblnOJIHHH
ay6hl JioIIIa.i{H, a y mBaqHblX - TOJihKO KopeHHble 3y6bl. Bee OHH CJIO:iKHoro CTpoeHHH, oco6eHHO KopeHHble.
B MMOJT.OM :eoapacre 1mp01rna ay6a co CTOpOHbl ee CMhIKaTeJihHOH noBepx
HOCTl:I COCTOHT 1:13 Jl.Byx, qeTblpex HJil:I nHTH KOHYCOB, p.acnoJI02KeHHblX napaMH (w.eqHblH - jJ3b1qHblH KOHyc), a Me)l(Jl.Y HHMH HaXO)].l:ITCH 3 6HaH q
BO - . .
. Jl.BYX
KOHyCaX
-
0)1.Ha,
a
IlpH
4-5
-
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H,
HO
H
B
ueHTpe
ee
(p1:1c.
125).
TaKHM
o6-
pa30M KopeHHble ay6bl CTaHOBHTCH CKJia)].qaTb MH -lophodontes (y JIOIUMH).
y .:lKBaqHbl J{OHYCbI ay6oB H30fHYTb1 B BH)].e ce na JI H • 0
a
CMbIKaTeJibHOH
noBepxHOCTH,
BBHJl.Y
qero
HX
Ha-
3bIBaIOT
JIYHqaTblMH
ay6aM1:1
-
selenodontes.
Ha Jl.Jil:IHHOKopoHKOBhIX ay6ax 9MaJih noK bIBa ,
' y
HO
JiyHoqKe,
1:1
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ay6Hble
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B
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OT
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ay6oB
ueMeHT
noKpbIBaeT
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lm
it:
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ay
bl
e
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He
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na
ay6Hoi'i
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ay6
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110
CBoero
BbinaJJ,eHI
H•
.H H il e p B a u H ff ay6oB - OT n. infraorbitalis 1:1 n. alveolaris inferior.
c 0 c y J1. bl ay6oB - OT OJl.HOHMeHHb JC c HepBaMH apTep1:1ir.
0C<?6ennocmu. Y co6aKH meirKa ay6a xoporno Bb1pa2KeHa; HCHO BbI,11.eJIH-
eTCH noHCOK OCHOBaHHH KOpOHKH, a noCJie,l{HH.H HeceT ay6IU>I. 3y6HaH <t>opMyJia:
Dd .3.I .4.0
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-
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opoHKa
noCTOHHHb!X ay6o
pa3.D.MeHa Ha TPH
3.1.4.o. 3.J.4.3 . •
B
218
ay6ua, na Hnx cpe.i:{Hnii KpynHee: BeJinqnHa peauos OT aauena K.oKpaiiKy yse JinqnBaeTCH.
KJibIKli KOHnqecKne; KOpeHHbie ay6bI CHJibHO pa3BliTbI. nepBbIH HRLKHHH n'peMOJIHp xapaKTepnayeTCH MaJieHhKOH KOpOHKOH c OJl.HliM ay6uoM II Ha3hIBa eTCH BOJI%RM ay6oM - dens lupinus. Kaa)l.n KopeHHbie ay6hr yBeJinqnBa-
·. . P IV
IOTCH - caMbie KynRble H3 HRX ' OHR Ha3bIBa!OTCH CYW.liMli - dentes
sectoriUS.
CT
eMOJIH bl,
IICKJI!Oqaf.1
nepBbiii
HRLKHRH (C
0,l{HRM
ay6UOM),
'i'pex- ay6qaTbie
II CLKaTbI
c OKOB. OJIHpbI;.
HanpoTRB, umpoK '
KopHeli y KopeHHbIX ay6oB 1-3. lJeJIIOCTR HaorHaTHble. . ,
y CBRHhli ay6bl KOpOTKOKOpOHKOBbie, Jllilllb KJibIKli ,l{JIRHHOKOpOHKOBhle; ..
4 3
ay6HaH <i>oPMYJial Dd 3 ·1•3 • 0 H. Dp 3 ·I. · . ·
. 3. 1.3.0 3.1.4.3
ilocroHHHh1e peaUbr no CTPYKType KOHHqecKne. Ha BepxHeli qeJIIOCTR OHR OTJl.eJiell'.bI Jl.pyr OT ,npyra 6eaay6hrMn npocTpHCTBaMn; aauenhl, npaBbIR n Jie-. Bhlii, caM};re KpynHble na peauoB, HanpaBJieHhI KopoHKaMR Jl.pyr K Jl.pyry. Ha
>KeBaTe.nheou noBepxHoern MOJIOJJ.hIX ay6oB aaMeTHhl Herny6oKHe 'IIameqKn. CpeJJ.- Hne peaUbl MeHbllle aauenoB, HaKJioHeHbl BnepeJI. n MeJl.RaJihHo, Ha tmx BhICTy naIOT HeOOJihlllRe 6yropKR. 0Kpai1Kn He6oJihlllRe, npn6JIRLKaIOTCH K 6yropqaroMy rnuy syooB; Hepel(Kq, OTCY'fCTByIOT. Ha HliLKHeii qeJirocrn. aauenhr n peJJ.HHe. pe3UbI pacnoJI.OLKeHbl TeCHee, KOpOHKli .ll.JlliHHhle, npnaMaTnqecirne, Ha RX H3blq HOH noBepXHOCTH BRJl.Hhl )KeJio6Kn n rpe6eHh. 0KpaliKn CJia6ee paaBRThl, ae-, CKOJibKO OTCTOSIT OT cpel(HHX, liMeJOT rueeKR. · . .
MoJioqHble KJiblKR CJia6ble. ilocTOHHHble KJihIKR y Ca.MOK He60JihlllRe, y CaMUOB MaCCRBHble, TpextpaHHhle c OCTpb!Mlii KpaHMli II xapaKTepnayIOTC.H ,l{Jlli TeJihHLIM pOCTOM. BepxauJi: KJlblK U30rH}'T Hap}72Ky II BBepx,11pnneraeT K HIDKHe- MY KJihIKY C3aJJ.R. HH)KHHii KJihIK MOW.Hee, naorHYT Hapy.my n·_ Ha3aJJ., Jie.>KHT BnepeJJ.n sepxHero KJiblKa. KJihIKR OTJJ.eJIHIOTCH 6eaay6hIM nppcrpaHCTBOM Ka.K OT pe3UOB, TaK 11 OT KopeHHhlX sy6oB
KopeHnble sy6hl MHoro6yropqaTble. 4ncJio OOJihlliRX n MaJihIX 6yropKOB,
·a CJie;IJ,OBaTeJibHO, II TOJIW.RHa ay6oB YBeJilfql:fBaIOTCH OT nepeJJ.HHX' Sy60B K 3a.ll;
;IUiM, B ro speMfl KaK nepsbre ){Ba npeM0Ju1pa ew.e c:lKaTJ-J c 6oKo.B. CaMhIH i<p}'.n- Hb!H sy6 - 3-H MOJIHp, CaMbIH MaJieHbKliH - 1-H npet\'fOJIHp (BoJiqnH: ay6);·bH
OTHOCHTCH. K qnCJiy nocroHHHhIX sy6oB. Ha sepxHeli qeJIIOCTR PI Jle)KRT PHJJ.OM c PII, a Ha Hm1rneii: 'IMIOCTH OTJ{CJu:1eTCR OT Hero 6essy6h1M npocrpaHCTBOM.
poraroro CKOTa sy HaH opMyJia: Dd I! Dp . •
. ' . 4.0.3.0 4.0.3.3•
Pe3Ubl . KOpoTKOKOpOHKOBhle, Ha BepxHeii qenrocrn OTCYTCTBylOT, a Ha Hli)KHel:I RX qeThlpe c KIDKAOH CIOpOHbl ('IeTBef)'fbie sa ctieT acCl:IMHJIHpoBaHHhlX KJihIKOB). KoeoHKa nocroHHHhIX peauoB HanoMmiaeT nsorttyTy10 JionaTKY c npn
ocTpeHHhIM KpaeM. llleHKa sy6a xopOlllO Bhlpa.meHa, KOpeHb URJiliHJl.pl:lqecKl:IH (y MeJIKl:IX LKBaqHhIX ynJiow.ee c {:ioKOB). HaM:e1:1e1m:n B peauax H KJimcax y. :>KBa•1
}fbIX Bb13BaHbl ·npncnoco6Jiel::IReM l:IX B npouecce 3BOJIIOUHH K aaxBaTbIBaHl:llO
KOpMa H3bIKOM np1:1 yqaCTlili peauoB mrnrneii qeJIIOCTR.
KopeHHble ayOhI no wny cTpOeHRH wmaa0Kopo1:1Koel>le, ' JIYH'laTbie; na sepxHee qe.iJrocTn OHR KpynHee, qeM Ha Hli)l{Heli. Be.n:eqnHa ay6oB yBeJIHqnBa eTCH no HanpaBJieHRIO cnepeJJ.li Ha3a. TaK qro Ha BepxHeii qeJIIOCTli MOJIHpbI noqm BJJ..Boe MaccnBHee ,npeMoJIHpoB. Ha Bepxanx npeMcrJIHpax o;n;Ha ay6Hat1 qaIIIKa, pa3,l{eJIHIOW.aH H3hlqHhlii n III,eqHbJH Kottyc&1, KOTOpble nOCJie CTRPFlHHH ay6a npeBpaiualOTCH B noJIYJIYHHble CKJiaJJ.KR 3MaJI1:1. Ha Bepxtt1:1x MOJIHpax no JI.Be qallJKR: nepe,l{HHH II 3a.ll;HHH, • BCJieACTBRe qero Ha MOJIOJJ.OM ay6e KO-
- aycoB He JI.Ba, a qeTblpe. ·
-
. B BepxHl:IX KopeHHhIX ay6ax no Tpn KOpHH! JI.Ba JiaTepaJihHhIX n ·oJl.RH 6oJihruoii MeJJ.l:laJihHhIH, B HH)KHRX - no ,!{Ba. Ha Hnma1:1x npeMOJIH:poB I-ii RMCCT
:TOJihKO OJl.HH KoHyc, a JI.Ba J1.pyr1:1x - MeJIKH(i tiamKn. HnmHne -oJIHphI noxo
>KH Ha BepXHl:le. C6oy KOpeHHhle ay6hl' B BRAe Ol:IJibl, npucreM sy6Ubl BepxHRX
219
YOOB saxoHT B npoMYTKH ME!)l{,ll.y sy6u.aMH Hll:>KHHX sy6oB. ( qeJIIOCTH aHH sorHaTlible. . . .
Y . . · I! . ""' . · • s.1.a.o · . a.1.a.a
. JIOIUa,ll.H·
syuHaH '.f'VPMYJia: Dd a 1.a.o
H Dp a..1.a.a, · .
Y K.06b1JIHU KJibIKH i>Tcyreraym · H.im e)l.Ba BblpIDKeHs. Me){{.n.y pesuaMH
H nepBblMH
KOpeHHbIMH
sy6aMu raetcH 6essy6blii
Kpaii
--.:. 1J1argo
interalveo·
laris
s.
diastema,
pas.n.e11ealf1id
; bUCOM
Ha
MeHbu1Hii,
ne 1eJlHHH
H
OOJI:&WH
. .. .ztJIHJfHOKOPo.HKOBble;
KOpeHH:&re
3y6bl
CKJI8,ll.llaTble. Mo·
JIOtJHble pesll.bl
KOpoqe IlOCTOHHHhlX
H MeJibtJe,
UBeT
HX 6eJiee, xopmµo
BbipIDKeHa
weifKa sy6a, 1 · . • · • · •
ftOCluHHHble
pesIU>I. HMeIOT
THilHtJHblli BH)l.
H30fHYTbIX lCJIHHbeB;
BOrHyTbIX
c SlbltfHOH
cropOHbl (pHc.
126).
CMhi:KaTeJibHaff
IlOBepXHOCTb
MOJIO)l.OfO sy6a
nonepet1f!O-OB8Jll>Hiu1,
T. e.
HlinpaBJieHa
)l.JIHHHOH OCbIO
B
OM nonepequooBaJI:&BaH
qiopMa
saMeHHeTCH.
Ha 01<pyr11y1Q, sa -
1
1
0
z
A
' '
.PHc.1 ·126. BospaCTHble sM'eHeHHll pesuoablx sy6oa JiOWllJlH:
. I -CTllpaHae KOpOHKH :;iy6a B .CBllSH c Bbl,l{BHlKeHJleM sy6a HS 8.llbBeOJibl (a) H poCTOM KOp• HesoA qaCTH sy6a (c): 11 - pesubl MOJIO.ZJ;oA JIOW8,l{H c6oKYi. nI -'- To :ace, Ho oqeHi. CT8• poA JJOWllJlu; IV - KopHH aepxHHX pesuoBblX sy6oa nowaJlH cnepe.l{H! A - oKOJio 3-x JJeT
B -5 ne-r, C - 9 .neT; D - oqeHi. cupoA JJOWBJlH (60.nee 20 .ne-r); E - aospaCTHlila HS• Me8eHHll· ct>opMbl CMblKaTeJJbHOA noBepXHOCTH )' peSUOBbl sy6oa; 1 - KOpOHK8 sy6ai
1
1' - cKp1:1Taa 1qacTb ·sy6a; 6 ...:.. 9¥a.ni.; 6' -- npe,l{,l{BepHall II 6" - 11s1i1qliaH CKJJllJlK&