Infr€lpatellaris distalis. · . ·

<I> y H.K u.H- H - pasre6aTeJib KOJieHHoro · cycTirna e nooraeT cre6aHHI<> Ta3ooe.n.peHttoro. •

H H e e p B a u H SI - n. femo.ralis.

• , DoJJ.KO.JJeuuu MblWa - m. popliteus (14) - pacnonaraeTcH BHYTPH yrna cycrasa, . 'TeCHO npHJie1KHT K Kay)laJib}{OH noeepXHOCTH cyCTaBHOA KancyJibl H yqacTByeT s o6paaoeaHHH ee ewi1v-tueaHUR - recessus subpopliteus. Dpo­ KCHMaJI&Hoe cyxo:>KHJIHe Mbll.PUbI HalfHHaeTCH B IlO)lKOJieHHOH HMKe JiaTepaJib- HOro MbIIII.eJJKa OeJJ.peHHOH KOCTH, BblXOJJ.HT ' H3-no.n JiaTepaJJbHOH CBH.3KH KO­ JieHHOro cycTasa H, pacmepHHCb, HanpaBJIHe'rCH K Kay.n.OMe.nHaJibHOMY Kpaio.

npOKCHMaJlbHOro KOHua OoJibUie6epuoooii KOCTH, r.ne H 3aKpenJrneTCH.

Cl> y H K u H H - npoHepyeT H cn 6aeT KOJieHHblH cycTaB.

HH H e p B a u H H :-- n. tibialis. .

,l{eyr.uaBaR MYiuu;a C>eJJ.pa - rn. biceps femoris (10) - caMaH MOW.Ha.II Mbllll­ ua Ta30BOH KOHelfHOCTH, pacpoJiaraeTCH HenocpeJJ.CTBeHHO no.n KO:>KeH B; 06- JiaCTH .6eJJ.pa H Tasa, nosa.n.e Tas06eJJ.peHHOro cycTaBa. 0,nHOH rOJIOBKOH Halfe­

HaeTcH OT KpecT,llOBOH KOCTH (y c.o6aKH pa3BHTa CJia6o), a .npyroii - OT ce.na­ JIHIIJ.Horo· 6yrpa. ¥ CBHHbH H alfHblX TeCHO cpacTaeTCH c noeepXHOCTHOH .siro-

174.

.u.uqHOH MblIIIUeH. MbirneqHoe opIOlllKO, pacrnHpSISICb )l.HCTaJibHO, saKaHqesaeTCSI Ha JiaTepaJlbHOM Kpae KOJleHHOH qawKH, , Ha ee CBSI3KaX, rpe6He OOJibllleOepu.o­ BOH KOCTH, nepeXO)l.HT Ha q,acn.HIO roJieHH H Kay.u.am HOH . qaCTbID BnJieTaeTCH B axnJ1J10BO cyxmKuJlee. ¹ •• •

ilOJJ. )l.ByrJiaBOH MblIIIUeH HMeIOTCSI JI.Be oypcbl, H3 KOTOpbIX 0Aff8 pacnomi­ raeTCSI B o6J1acTH ce}J.aJ1umH:oro oyrpa - b. trochanterica, a sropaSI B o6- Jiacm KoJ1eHHorq cycTaBa - b. subtendinea m. bicipitis 'femoris distalis.

<I> y H K u H SI - MOmHblH paaruoaTeJib Ta300eJ.\peHHOro , KOJieHH<?ro H

CKaKaTeJIIHOro cycTaBOB. npu IlOJJ.BeIIIeHHOH. KOHetiHOCTH CrHOaeT KOJieHHblit

H pasruoaeT Taao6eJJ.peHHblH u cKaKaTe,7IbHhlii. · · . , ·

H H H e p B a u H SI - n. tibialis (y CBHHbH H }ICBatlHblX TalOKe H OT n. gluteus caudalts).

Kay.1u1.11bublii a6eyKTop rOJ1euit - m. abductor cruris caudalis - HMeeTCH ·

TOJibKO y COOaKH. QH HMeeT ,n:eHTOBHJJ.HyIO <l>oPMY, npOXO)l.HT BJJ.OJlb K8YJJ.aJib·

HOrO KpaSI Me)l.HaJibHOH nosepXHOCTH JJ.ByrJiaBOH MblllIUbl · oe}J.pa OT KpeCTijOBO­

ce.nanemHOH CBSI3KH JJ.O .lJ.HCTaJlbHOI'O OT}J.eJia MblJileqHoro 6pIOUIKa, r}J.e H TepH- eTCSI. . • ' . ·. ,

<I> y H K u H SI - IlOMOraeT .l(ByrJ1asoii MbIUIUe.

H H H e p B a u. H SI - n. peroneus. .·

fioJiycyxmKHJlbHasI Mblllla - m. semitendinosus (18) - pacnOJiaraeTcSI ·

.no.n KO:lKeH KayAaJibHe,e AByrJiaBOH MQ,Illlll.bl 6e.u.pa H oopaayeT 3a,l(HHH KOHTYP 06-

JiacTH 6e.npa. .BepeT HaqaJIO OT ce.na.TiumHoro oyrpa KpecTII.OBOH KOCTH HJIH OT

KpecTUOBOCe1.1,aJ1HlllHOH CBSI3KH (y COOaKH --' H OT nepBbIX XBQCTOBblX D03BOH-

KOB), nepeXO.l(HT B. y.lJ.JIHHeHHOH .<l>oPM MblIII¢qHoe opIDIIIKO H 3aKaHqueaeTCSI c Me.nuaJibHOii nosepxHocTH ii:a rpe6He OOJ1bwe6epuosoii. KOCTH n Ha q,acu.uu ro­ JieHH, CJIHBaSicb .c nucrn.tihHhlMH cyxmKHJIHSIMH cwoaHoH'. H nogrHHJKHO:ii MblllIU. B o6J1acTH ceAaJIHmHblX oyrpos HMeeTCSI b. ischiadica m. · sem_itendinosi,

a no.I( .u.ucTaJlbHblM cyxo:>KHJIHeM -'b. subtendinea m. semitendinosi.·

c;I> y H K u. H SJ pasru6aeT T8306e eHHhIH, KOJieHHhlH H, CKaKaTeJlbHblH

cycTaBbl. ilpH DOJJ.BeIIIeHHOH KOHeqHQCTH cruoaeT H npOHHpyeT KOJieHHblH ' cy-

,CTaB. . . .

·· l1 H H e p 11 a n H SI n tibialis, n gluteus caudalis et ramj n cuta-

)l.ODOJIHHTeJibHaSI toqKa ·nprnpenJl.eHHSI ,Ha nepBbIX Tpex XBOCTOBblX Il03BOHKaX.

<I> y H K u H SI - pasruoaeT Ta300e}J.peHHbIH H KOJieHHhlH Tipu IlOJJ.afllleH- HOH KciHetlHOCTU crnoaeT H . npoeupyeT KOJieHHbIH cyciraB. , , , ,

• H H ii: e p B a u. u a,-:- n: tibialis (y JIOIIIMH - u n. rectalis caudalis).

CycTaeuasi MblWU..a.

KOJ1euuoro cycTana - m. articularis genus - eMeeTcSI

TOJibKO y C008KH H pacnOJraraeTCSI Ha JlarepoKpaHH8JlbHOH HOBepXHOCTH cyCTaB

HOH KancyJibl, , npHKpeDJISISICb K cycTaBHblM KOHu,aM coqJleHSIIOIIJ,HXCSI KOCTeH:.

'y H K u u SI - HanpSiraeT Kancyny ·KOJieHHoro .cycTaBa, , npe.u.oTBpamaSI

5. e yriJ.eMJ1e1rn:e. · · · · ·

H H H e p B a u ii SI -:- n. femoralis.

' ,

• Mb11111v>1 nJllocaeoro cyctaea

3. 3anJIIOCHeBbIH cycTaB - CJIQ bl, OAHOOCHbiH, a IlOSTOMY , 3.JJ.ecb HMeIOTCSI

JIHIUb Mhll.llll,bl cr(>aTenH, pacnpJ1ara10muecSI Ha .noyconarepaJibH<l,ii, u MhlUJ- JJ.bl-paaruoaTeJIH, H8XOJJ.SIIIJ,HecSI Ha KayAaJibHOH noaepXHOCTH roJieHH (pee. 97-100). ·

TpeXrJlaBaH MbllIIQa TOJleHH - m. triceps surae I(24) - oopasyeT &a. UII:IH

KOHTYP rOJieeu JI coc'roeT H3 u-KpoHo1KHoii .H no.noIIIBeHHoii MblWU.· .

1. HKpoaOJKH Mwuiu,a ..,...... m. gastrocnemius - JUJycycraauaa· Mhll.llUa,

175

Elilc. .97.' Mhlmllhl roJieHH '.! CTOfihl c JiaTepaJibHOii ' noBep)l:HOCTH:

A .....: c06aKH; E -CBHllbH; B -Kbp6Bhl; ¹17 - m. peroneus. longus; 21 . m.' tibialis cranialis; 23. m._ peroneus tertil!S; 4 . m. gastrocinemius; 24' m soleus; 25 m. perneus .brevis; 26 m. flexor ·digiti Ilongus; 27 - m. extensor digitorum longumi

29 - m. extensor digit<>rum lateralis; 80 - m; flexor digiforum superficialis; 31 - m.

flexor digilorum prof undus; 32. -_m. extensor digitorum brevis; 33 :..... m. extensor digi-. torum lo)lgi.ts: · 39 m. mterossei; a T,etmaculum extensoriurn prnxlmale; 6 reti· naculum extensorium medium; c -retinaculu m extensorium distale; d -,.. lig. meta·

• · tarseum transversum superficiale.. ·

.i:-·' :.

6epyip.a.si - Haqa.110 Ha .a.ffcT8JibHOM ' KOHue tSe,n.peHHOH KOCTH .ztBYMH fOJIOBKaMH,

(cap'ut l aterale et mediale) no o6eeM cropoeaM oT narepaJibHOH HalJ.MblllleJIKO- BOB mepoxoBarocm ·unu no Kpast'M Ha.zI.MhIW.eJIKoeow si:MKH (y KOnblTHbIX) • . B .II.H­ cTaJibHOH TpeTH roJieHH ' cyxoJKH:mrn o6eux roJIOBOK o6'beHSIIOTCSI B OJ{HO

o61nee cyx<>21<u.nue c cyxo.nliiIWI nqseptHocnioro na.nblresoro crut'ial;e.ns,

_ ,zieyrnaeoli, noitycyxo:>KHJibHOH u nonynepenoHaToli. MbIUIU tendo calcaneus cpmmunis (axHJIJIOBO cyxmKHHe), .KOTOp 3aKpenJISleTCSI Ha DSITOqHOM oyrpe.

. 6) ll()JlOWBeHHasi MLllllU.B m soleus €24' ) • CJlaOaSI, KOPOT_KaSI, JIPHTO-

BHJ{HaH, 6epex eaqaJio· Ha JtaTepaJibHOM MbIW.eJIKe 00.llbWOito 6epu.o80A KOCTH, JiaTepaJibHOH. OBS13Ke 'Ko.neeaoro _cycTaea u 3aKaaqueaeteSI B naepaJibHOH Mbl meqHoH rbJ19BKe HKpOHO)KHOH MbIIIIIJ.bl y CBHHbH 3Ta MhlUIIJ.a pa3BHTa CHJibHO•

. y JIOIIIa.l{H HMeeT csoe ,llHCTaJibHOe ' cyxoJIHe, CJIHBalOm.eecst c cyxmKHJIHeM

lfKpoHO:lKHOH MblmiJ.i,i. IlOA AHCTaJibHbiM - cyxo:>KlfJIHeM HMeeTCSI Ha nsrroqeo.M 6yrpe b. ·teridinis calcaneL Y cooairn 'no,llOI1IBeHH8H ·Mbrinua OTCYTCTByeT.

r

Cl> y _H K IJ. H SI _:_ paaru6aeT caKaTeJibHbIA •' lf <;:rH6aeT KOJieHHbIH

·HIf H e p·B a n u SI !....:. n. , tibialis. · · ·· . · . .

38AHJlJl''6oJli.we6ep OBaB IWbllilll;a -'- tn. tibialls GaUdaJis .(16) -pacOOJia­ raeteSI nil''r_.:r_.naH'J'apHOA nosepXHOC.Tlf. 6oJibille6epiJ.oBOH KOCTH. KaK caMOCTOB·

176 ^/

nosepXHOCTHOH ' J1arepaJ1bHOH . I'OJIOBKOH. . . ' . . . '

• <l> y H K, u·u SI - y tooaKH paaru6aeT cKaKaTe.nhHblH cycTflB, y KODblT- HblX .neHCTByeT Ha IlaJibUbl KaK cr oab. . . .· . . . , '

  0

. XO,llHT B cyxmKHJIHe, Koropoe npHKpenJIHeTCH Ha DJIIOCHeBbIX H 3anJIIOCHeBbIX, .

KOCTSIX. •

y cotsaKH· MblUIUa Jle)KHT IlOBepXHOCTHO H SaKpemrneTCSI Ha tl' mH H mt2. .

y acex KOilblTHb X OHa HaXO,llHTCSI B i:'Jiy6HHe H npHJie)KHT Henocpe,llCTBeHHO K

. OoJlbllleoepuoooH: KOCTH, npHKpbITa .npyrHMH MhIUJilaMH, BCJie.l(CTBHe qero HMeeT

IlJIOCKOe 6pIOillKO. y CBHHbH OHa KOH'laeTC.sl Ha t2 H mt2; y. :ll<Ba'IHblX COCTO-

A -c

PHc. 98. MhIUJUhl r6.neHH H ,·cron1i1 JIOUJIUl.H ' ·

aoit H B -c AopcanbHoA noepxHOCTH; B -i.lecra npHKpenJieHHii: MhIUJll

' ' I \

JiaTepam

Ki>CTM; JO -·m., biceps femoris; 14 - m. popliteus; 21 - m• .tibialis cranialis;

K

29. -m. peroneus tertius; 24 -m. gastrocnemius;. 24' - m. soleus; 26 - m. flexor digiti I longuSi' 29 - m. extenor digitoru m lateralis; 90 :.... m. flexor digitoru'.IJ] super· ficialis; 31 - m. flexor. dlgitorum prof undus; 92 -.m. extensor digitorum brevis; 33 -

13. extensor digitorum longus; 39 /_ m. inierossei; a, B, e -retinacul um extensoriUm pro- ximale, medium et distale; d -lig. metatarseU:m transversum superfiaialis.

' . :

' 177

PHc. 99. Mhlmnhl rOJ1eHH H· cronhl c Me,zi;HaJlbHo!'I: noaepxuocTH:

A ·-C:o6aKH; B - KOpOBhl; B .,. JIOIIla;tH; r - MeCTa npHKpenJleKHSI MhllIIU. Ha KOCTSIX;

14 - m. opliteus; . 16 m. tibialis caudalis; 18 - m. semitendin s · . - · · · -

• · · , - • grac1 ts; - m. peroneus tertius; 24 - m. gastrocnemi us; 26 -

13. flexor digiti Ilongus; 90 - m. flexor digitorum superficialis; 91 - m. flexor digito­ rum profundus; 92 - m. extensor digitorum brevis; 39 - m. extensor digitorum longus;

94 m. flexor digitorum longus; ,99 m interossei; a, e · . retinaeulum extensotium

• · transversum superficiale.

'HT ua· JJ;Byx POJIOBOK H nepeJJ; CBOHM OJ>HKpeDJleHHeM Ha mt3+4 H Ha t2+3 npo- 6oJJ.aeT cyxillKHJIHe TPeTheH Ma.no6epuosoii Mb IIIUhl.

. y JlOUia}J.H KOHUeBOe cyXO:>KHJIHe MbllllUbl npoxoJ(H'r Me:lKJJ.Y Me}J.HaJlbHOH H CpeJJ;neH HO>KKaMu rpetheH Mano0epuoBbH: MhllllUbI H )(eJIHTC.II Ha JJ.Be BeTBH.

Eonee CJ1a6a.11 J1aTepMbHa.11 BeTBb saKpenJ1.11eTc.11 Ha .mt3, a OOJlee CHJlbRa.II Me­

JtHaJlbHasi: Be.TBb - Ha t1+t2 H ua l'OJIOBKe mt2. .UHcTaJlbHOe cyxO.H<HJIHe MhIIII-

lU>l' OKpy*euo CYXO'JICU/lbltbl.M 8.lltl2a.IUltl{e.M H 00,ll Me,ll.HaJibHOH BeTBbIO HMeeT .

.noiJcyxofJICUJlbflyto 6ypcy. '-· . · . )

<I> y H K u H .II -·CrHOaTeJlb CKaKaTe.n:bHOro cyCTaBa.

PHc. 100. CHHOBHBJlbHhle anaranmna cyXO:lKHJIHlt Mhlliln T830BOlt KOHequoc-

178

A -c JlaTepaJJbHo!'I: noapxuocrH; B - c MeAH8JlbHolt noaepxHOCTH; 29 - 6oKoaoro crH6aT si ·

i -rJly6oKoro crH6&Te.1u1 n.anbna;

83 -AJ}HHHoro pa3rH6aTensi nanbna. flOACYXOX<IUlbHYe (iypcw: 21 -llOA cyxo:lKHJlj{RMH nepeAHe!'I: 60J1bme6ep­ noaolt H TpeTbe!'I: Mano6epnoaoA Mhlmn;

90 -IlOA cyxo:lKHJIHeM noaepXHOCTHO- ' ro CrH68TeJISI 08Jlbna;.90' - DOA cy­ IXO:lKHJIHeM rny6oKoro' CrH68TeJISI D8Jlb• na;. a, B, c -npoKCHMaJlbHhllt, cp­ HHH H AHCTaJJbHbllt YAep:lKHB8TeJIH cyxmKHJIH!'I: pa3rH6aTeneA .nanbna;

d -yToneHHe 4>acna&.

J.ii H H e p a a U H SI - n. peroneus. . Ma.no6epuoeas TpeThSI MblWQa - m. peroneus tertius (23) - y p/i3JIHq­

HhlX BHJ{OB :lKHBOTHblX HMeeT xapaKTepHbie 06eHHOCTH, HaqHHaeTCSI B pa3- rnoaTeJibHOH SIMKe JiaTepaJibHOrO Mbllu.en:Ka • 6eJtpeHHOH KOCTH; · npOXOJ{HT B paarHoaTen:bHOM· :>Ken:ooe OoJibIIIeoepuoooH: KOCTH. Ha roJieHH OTJteJIS1eTcS1 oT

.llJIJrnHoro paarnoaTen:SI naJibues H BoJIH3H c.K:aKaTeJibHoro cycTasa nepexoJJ.T B cyxo:>KHJIHe, KOTOpoe 3aKpenJISleTCSI y CBHHbH Ha t t2 H mt2, y :lKBaq­

HblX - Ha t2-t3 H mt3+4; y JIOilla){H cyXO:lKHJIHe DOJJ.pa3}J.eJISleTCSI Ha TpH·. Beren, ua KOTophlx JiaTepaJibHa.11 aaKaHqusaeTCH Ha tl, t3 .H mt3, cpeJllurn: u Me}J.HaJibHaSI - Ha tc, t3 H mt3.

y cooaKH MbUIIUa npespaTHJiaCb B KOpoTKylO CBS13l<y, HJJ.YIII.YIO OT AHCTaJib­

HOro KOnua KpanHaJibHOFO cpaSI 00Jfb1HeOCpH;OBOii lffiCTII JJ.-0 mt3.

y JIOIIIa.n:H. MaJio6epuosa5'1 TpeTbSI MbIIIIUa Ha BCeM npOTSl:lKeHHH cyxiJ-

>KHJibHa. ·

<I> y HI{ iiH jf y . CBHHbH H >KBalfHblX CfHOaeT CKaH:aTeJihllblH H paaru

OaeT KOJieHHblH; y cooaKH y.n:ep:lKHBaeT CKaKaTeJibHblH ycTaB B THnHqHOM ,nJISI cooaK corHyTOM CoCTO.SIHHlr; y JIOIIIa.llH.BblilOJIHSleT CTaTHqecKylO <t>YHKUHIO, OO'b­ e;ll;UHSISI .coBMecTHO c noaepxHoeIHhIM. CfHOaTeJieM naJibIJ;eB pa6oty cKaKaTeJib Horo H KOJieHHOro cycTaBoB.

H H H e p B a H SI - n. . peroneus.

Muo6epuoeaa JllJHHnan iwlilwQa m. pt:rum:u:; longus (17) paemma- raeTcSI Ha JtaTepaJibHOH noeepXHOCTH rbJl.eHH, HaqHHaeTCH Ha MaJIOOepuooo·:if KOCTH, Ha JiaTepaJibHOM MbIIII.e.JIKe OoJibllleOepuoBOH H Ha JiaTepaJ,IbHOH CBS13Ke KOJieHHOrO cy<;:TaBa. • .

,UHCTaJI bHoe cyXO:lKHJIHe c JiaTepaJibHOH nosepxHOCTH qepe3 w.en:eBoe OT­ aepCTHe Me:lKJlY t4 H mt4. (y :lKBaqHbJX Me:>KAY 33IlJIIOCHOH H Jia:repaJibHOH CBSl3- Kou) npoxoJJ.HT Ha nJiaHTapHyio noBepXHOCTh aanJIIOCHbI H aaKaHqHsaeTCSI aa' tl H mt2.• Y cooaKH H :>KsaqHbIX cyxo:>KHJI'He HMeeT cyXO:lKHJlbHOe BJiaraJIHIII,e. y JIOIIIa}J.H 3Ta MbIIIIUa OTCyTcTByeT. . .

<I> y H K n H SI ..._ cre6aeT CKaKaTeJibHblH cY'cTaB.

Hi:I H e p B a u H :si - n. peroneus.

Ma.noOepuo.eas KopoTKaSI MhlwQa .....,.. m. peroneus brevis (25) - HMeeTCSI TOJibKO y co6aKH ' H pacnOJlaraeTcSI no.n. MaJio6epuosoii .zvrnirnoii MhlIIIUeii. Ha­ qeHaeTCSI Ha JJ.HCTaJibHOH IlOJIOBHHe MaJIOOepUOBOH KOCTH, a saKaHqHBaeTCSI

TOHKHM cyXO:lKHJIHeM Ha :tnt5.

cf> y H K U H SI - CrHoaeT CKa,KaTeJibliblH cycTaB.

H H' H e p B a n u SI - n. · peroneus.

MhimQbl cycTaeoe nuhuee

KaK e Ha rpyZWbIX-KoHeqHocrnx, MblIIIIIhl cyqasos . naJibUeB no.npaa.nem1-

• IOTCSI Ha ,n.JIHHHble (6epyT HallaJIO Ha ,ll.HCTaJibHOM KOHUe 6e.u.peHHOH H npoKCH- . MaJibHOM KOHUe OQJibIIIeoepuoBOH KoCTH) ·" KOpOTKHe (pacnoJiaralOTCSI Heno­

cptmCTBeHHO Ha crone) Bee paarnonerrn ttaxo!lHTCH Ha¹ JJaTepoKpattHaJlbHOH·

nosepXHOCTH roJieHH ·" )l,OpcaJibHOH nosepXHOCTH CTOilbI, a crH6aTeJIH - Ha Kay)l,aJibHOH noBepXHOCTH rOJieHH H, nJiaHTapHOH nosepXHOCTH CTOilPf.

,n.iiHunwii paarHoaTJib nan1>ee m extensor digitorum Jrn;gus (33) ·

0

6epeT aqaJIO B cneUHaJibHOH pa3re6aTeJibHOH .IIMKe JiaTepaJibHOrO

MbIIII.eJIKa

Oe}J.peHHOH KOCTH, B.MecTe c MaJIOOepUOBOH TpeTheH pacnoJiaraeTCSI B paaruoa­ TeJlbHOM :lKMOOe Q(}JlhIDe6epnosoH KOCTH H B o6JiacTH ee JlllCTa11.bHOH Tperu ae- peXOJJ.HT B J{HCTa.libHoe cyXO:lKHJIH·e, KOTOpoe sairaHqeeaeTC Ha paaruoaTeJibHOM

·OTJ>OCTKe TpeTbeii q,aJiaHru · nanbues. B oonacTH aanJIIOCHbl OHO o.neTo cyxo:>KHJib­

HbIM BJiaraJIHIUeM.

Y cooaKH .n:nnHHhlii paaruoanJih naJibIJ.eB npHKpbIT ..nepeAee OOJibIIIe- 6epuoso0 MhllIIII.eli. .UucTaJibHbie cyxo:>KHJIHH aaKaHwtHBa.IOTCH Ha n._v

naJibII.ax. Y cBHHbH.opcaJibHO MhlUIU.a npeKpbITa TJ>eTheH MaJio6epuosoH: ·MhlIII­

II.eii, cocTOHT ea TJ>eX 6proIIIeK, 'cpocmuxcS1 MeQy· cooo:ii u c Mano6epnosoH: TpeTheH Mbnnnee. Ka:>KJJ.oe MblIIIewtaoe. piomKO HMeer cooe cyxmKHJIHe, ea Ko-

•. 179

-ropbIX JlaTepMbHOe saKpemrneTCSI Ha IIIf .V naJihuax, Me.nnabHOe (r.ilyooKoe)­

. a II· naJibUe ·H· cpe.nHee, pa3,neJIHBWHCb Ha .naa, 3aKaHtmaaeicSI Ha II.I-HIV

naJibII.ax. . . .. .

y *B,aqHbIX MbIWetmoe '<>proWK<;> cOcioHT H3 .nayx. qasTeit, HS KOTOpbIX Jia 'repaJibHl'i.H (noaep:x;HocTHaSI) CBOHMH yxmKHltSIMH 3aKaHquaaeTCSI Ha III,H JV naJibII.ax, a Me,n.HaJibHaSI (rJiy6oKaS1) - Ha III IIaJibIJ.e.· · · ,

• · Y.Jiowa.n.n M:hlwu.a JieJKHT rr0sep;·rnocTHo no.n Ko1Ke:H. B o6.llacru MhIWetrnoro

)KeJI06a IIO):\ Heil HllxQAH1'CH no.nMI>tmeqHaSI 6ypca (pHc. 101 - a). . Ha IIJIIOCHe K cyxo11CA:mi:ro npHcoeJQtltsle'Icii cyxo1KHJIHe KopoTKoro pa3rH6aTeJI.H ·naJibII.eB, HeCKOJibKO Hli1Ke - cyxoJr 1e ooKoaoro pa3'rnoaTeJIS1 naJibll.ea H B ooJiaCTH IaJibµa IIOJlKpeDJISIIOUJ.He cyxmKHJIH.H OT ,. Cpe)lHeH . Me)KKOCTHOH MbIWUbI.

YAep1KHBaTeJieii cyxdJKHnidi TPH - Ha .nHcTaJibHOM KOHe OOJihwe6epu.oaoii

KOCTH, H&- nJIIOcHe:·H Ha: saWJIOCHe (pHC. 100). '

<I> y l(K II. H g I . pasm6aer cycTaBbl QaJibUeB, IlOMOr;,IeT crnoaTeJI.HM CKa- .

, KaTeJibHoro H pasrR6ateJUJM KOJieHHoro cycTaaa. B tf>asy OTTaJIKHBaHH.H yqacT­

syeT ,B aKTHBH'OM p;:isrH6ailHH acex cycTaBOB KOHetrnoctH 6Jiaro a SI a

HHIO y.nepBa1eJ'I · IIpliHIUm TeTeBbl ·no H. B. MHxauJioay)'.

. 11 H H e p B a u H SI - n. peroneus. , ,

• )\lmeelliA' 6aTeJ1b I 00,ni;moro DaJib a - m. ex enso

UClS ORgus, ·J!,BH.lle CaMOCTOHTeJib HOH MbIWII.bl HMeefCSI y IIJIOTOSl)lHbIX, OBUbI, '

CBHH}JH; JIT Ha MaJiooepu.oooit KOCTH !:I npHKpbIT,OOJlbW,e6epu.oBOH MbIWII.eH.

HaqnHaeTC.si Ha MaJio6epuoooli KOCTH H CBOHM ·itHCTaJibHbI M cyxowmeeM

co- ·

npGBO}l{).tae<r nepe.1.lHIDIO OOJibWeOeP,IJ.OByro wu.y• .3aKaHtIHBaeTCSI Ha II naJib- ue, . a y co6aKH· -.Ha PY.llHMeHTe I naJibIJ.a. · . · ·_

Cl> y H K u HSI - pa3rH6aeT cyCTaBbl naJibIIeB

11 H H e p B a n SI -n. perooeus

. 6o'Koaoii.paam6aTeJ1b na.r11f\eB - m. extensor digitorum later,alis (29) -

pa3mn..cpaBHHTeJibHO CJiaoo, Jle>KHT Ha .uarepa.nbHo{:t l'IOBepXHOC'tH roJICHH K3a.H.H 9T )lJIHHHoto paarn6ari!.nS1 nani,nea. HatIHHaeTCSI Ha JiaTepaJihHOH CBSl3- Ke KOJieHHOro . cycTaBa H Ha MaJio6epUOBOH KOCTH. 0KpyrJioe .llJIHHHoe MhIUieq Hoe 6prowKo B6JIH3H cKaKaTellbHOro cyCTaBa nepxo.nwr B cyxo:)KH.'IHe, 1tO'fOpoe pacnO,IJaraeTCSI B 1KeJIOt5e JiaTepaJibHOH JIOJlbI1KKH H OJ{aHtUIBaeTCSl y cooaKH 11a V, y cBHHhH --:lfaIV tt V, y 11CBatIH:I>Ix - Ha. V naJihII.e, a y·Jiowa.nH· coe.nH­

HS1eTcS1 G' cyxm1aweei\f ZtJiHuHoro paam:oaTMsi: na1'aea. J3 o6Jiac-rff eKaKaTe-

• JibHor<i cycTaBa ero cyxo1KHJIJle OJI:e'ro cyxo11CHJibHbIM BJiaraJIHllleM.

<I>' y H K II. H SI - pa3rH6aeT CYCTaBbl rraJibII.eB.. . · ' HH H e p a a n e H n ' peroneus.

Kopo'l'KHii pasra6ii.Te.11b DUbeB - m. extensor digitorum brevis · (32) - caepxy npHKpbIT cyxoB<HJIHeM )lJIHHHOro pa3rHOaTeJI.H naJiblleB. BepeT HatIMO y co6a KH TpeMSI, y CBHHbH . ){BYM51, y 2KB8'1'1tbIX H JIOW3;llH OJI;HOH 'luJIOBOH

··Ha npoKCHMaJihHbI KOHax II, II ,IV IlJIIOCHeBh X lJ<ocTeii H CB.H3Kax cKaKa­

TeJibH:oro cy(:TaBa, 0KaHtn1BaeTCS1 y co6aKl'l Ha· II-IV naJihII.aX, y CBHHbH - B:a II cpaJiaHrax III IV llaJlbll.eB, y mBatI!fbIX . u, JIOWa11i Ha cyX01KHJIHH JJ;JIHJHIOro pa3rH6aTeJISI DaJibueB.

<I> y H K llH SI - cnoco6cTBYeT pa3rH6aHHIO . naJibUeB.

·w a u e p a a u1t'? n. peroneus. · .

CB30H H. cyxo2KliJIHeM ,MHHHOA MaJIOOepuOBOH MbIWII.bI. 3aKaHtIHBaeTCSI. Ha

mt5. . . .

. <I> y H K II. H SI - IIOMoraeT • paarHOaTb 3a,IIJIIOCHeB@A cycTaB H v rranen;

• 11.e H e p B a u.·H SI - n. peroneus. , ., . . · .

  • Oo&epxqocmhlii. are6aTeJ1., DaJlbea -m. flexor digitorum ' s1;1perficialis (30) ·:-- liaqttHaere.H Ha tuberositas. supraglenoidalis lateraljs, a y KOIIblTHhIX -

B fossa supraglenoidalis • CleJij>eJlHOH KOCTH Me}KJI:Y roJIOBKaMH HKpOHO:lKHOH MbIWII.bI, cpacTaeTC.H c ee JiaTepJlbHOH roJIOBKOH. ,H . nepeXO:UHT B MOIUHoe cyxo­

JKHJIHe. HanpaBJI.SISICb K II.HTOqHOMY oyrpy' .cyxmKHJIHe noaepXHOCTJ!Oro era-

• I

180 .

6aTeJISlCHaqa.na npoXOJ{HT BJ{OJlb KpaHHaJibHOH noaepXHOCTH IUIT()qHQJ'.(> ,.cyxo­

:>KH.llH.H; 3aTeM, OOorHYB ero C MenuaJIHoro Kpa.H JIO)K,HTC.H Ha :ero.Sa.n:HIOIO

noBepXHOCTb H rrpHKpeIIJI.SleTC.H Ha . Jiarepa.rlbHOH H Me.n:naJibHOH J10BepXat>CT.HX. rr.HroqHoro 6yrpa, nMe.H IIOJJ. cooo(f no0cyX001CU/lbH.y 10 6ypcy -b. tendinis cal canei. Ha.n: cyxo:>KHJIHeM B o6JracTH ·n.HTol!IHoro 6yrpa ·Haxo.IJ.HTC.SI IJ.QiJKJJ3fcnaR 6ypcq, -b.. subcutanea calcanea'. OT D.HTOqHorO 6yrpa· cyxmi<uJIH:e· cnycKaeT­

C.H K naJibU.aM u :a o6JiacTH rrepooH: 4>amlltru pacw;enJI.HeTC.H Ha .n:ae H01KKH, ,Me1K-

.n:y KoTopbIMH rrpoxoJ{HT cyxmKHJIHe rJiyooKoro cru6aTe.11S1 ooJihU.eB. ,

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JiaCb B MOI.IJ;Hy!O ·Mbltnu.y-cB.H3Ky. . i . . .

·. <I> y ;e 'K uu .SI - pasra6aTeJib sanJIIOCHl>I u cru6aTeJib naJihIJ.eB. Y JioIIIa.nu

IlMeCTe e m. peroneus tertius . o6'f.e.zumsieT 1mJieHHb1H u c1<aKaTe111HhIH cycTaBhI

2. e.n:HHbIH B3aHM03aBHcilMblH. KoMnJieKC. ·,,

• HH H e p s a nu si ..._ n.. tibialis. · . .

17Jay6ouii C111CiaTeJi& nuo m. flexor . digitorum prof undus (8/)

Jle:>KHT HerrocpeJJ.cTBeHHO Ha Kay.n:aJI&HOH noBepXHOCTK ,OOJibIIIe6epnoBOH KOCTH. Y COOaKH OH OOp83QBaH 3'8, cqet· -06'be.lJ.HHeHH.H J{JIHHHOfO cru6aTeJI.H fiaJibIJ.eB H .D.JIHHHaro Cl'H&wn1 I {6o;llsmoro) naJlbna. Y Kolil>Il'HMX K: M nyM ttaM

rrpucoe.n:nHsteresr ·sa,nH.H.H ooJihrne6epuoaa.R MbIWU.a. ·

a) )lmlsewi Crll6a.Te.nb I (60J1bmoro) nanl>qa - m. flexor digiti I (hallucis)

l ongus (26) . HaH6oJJee pa3BBTa.H qaCTb 1'•1Iy601ro1o ,CJ noaJ'eJl.H, 6epe1 H8'11aJIO I Ha JiaTepaJibHOM MbmJ,eJIKe OOJibIIIe6epu.oBOH KOCTH, '1 ee Kay;n.a.n&HOA . noaepx. HocTH ·" Ha MaJia6epu.oaoii KOCTH. HE\ J,UfCTaJihHOM KoHue .roJieHu MbimeqHoe 6p10IIIK0 rrepexo.IUIT B cyxmKHJIHe, Koropoe onycKaeTC.H Ha u;n:anTapHylO no­ aepxHocT& no 6.noey ,nepaTeJI.H Ti:tpaHHoii E'.OCTH H coemrn.sieTCSi ·c .cyxo:>KHJineM J{JIHHHOro .cru6aTeJI.H naJibUeB. . .

, o) ;nJIHHHwii cre6aTeJJb ·nanbQeB m. flexor ··digitorumldngi.ts (34) - pacrroJiaraeTC.H Me.IJ.HaJI&Hee npe.nbIJJ.Ylll.ero, 6epeT .:e;aqaJio Ha JiaTepailbHOM MbII.IJ;eJLICe ooJibme6epu.oooii KOCTH, MeJK.h.y no.n:KOJieHHoii Mhiruneii H .MHHHblM cruoaTeJieM·GoJI&moro rra.nhu.a. Ha cepe.n:uHe ro.neHH Op10mKo nepeXO.lJ.HT B cy­

:>KHJIHe, Ko'ropoe y .KOIIbITHhIX cQeJJ.HHHeTCSI c cyxo:>KHJIHeM sa.i:tHeif OOJibllieOep uoaoft: Mblllill.bI, n, 6y.n:y'IH saKJlioqeHo B vag. tendinis m. flexoris digitalislongi,

HanpaBJJ.HeTC.H B CIIellffaJibltOM >KeJJooe MeJ{H8JlbHOH JIO)J.bDKKH ha DJiaHTapHyio noaepXHOCTb IIJIIOCHbl, r.n:e .coeJJ.HH.HeTC.H c cyxo}K}{JIHeM ){JIHHHoro cru6aTeJI.H

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. lKBJlbH8R M.; 23 -MaJio6epn,OB!lll TpeTbR, M.; 24 - HKpOHOlKH8R M.;

29. -nosepXBOCTHYi crH68TeJlb naJI&­ na; 33 -.unaeeid .pasrH6aTeJib .na'JI&· 1111; a - JIO.llMHweqeas 6ypca; B - no.ucyxolKBJI&HaR 6ypca; c - noilcBR· '

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. . · . 6ypca. · . · ·

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181

1 naJihua. OT npoKcHMaJihHoro KoHua 1'peT1>eH: Me>KK:ocTHou MLllIIUDI K cyxo­

>KHJIIHO npHcbe.nHHSleTC.SI MOlIJ,HaSI .no6aBOqHaSI CBSl3Ka - lig. accessorium, ycH- JIHBaIOII\aSI .era CTaTHqecKyIO cpyHKUMIO. .

Ha .nJIIOCHe 061.1.\ee cyxo:>KHJIHe m;i.npaa.neJIS1eTCSI Ha cyxoJ1G1JIHS1 K naJihUaM (y co6a.Kii H CBHHbH. KO 11-V, y 11CBaqHbIX - K I II. H IV, Y' JIOIIIa.nH.He .ll.eJIHTCSI}>

Ha KOTOpbIX OHH HMeIOT cxo.n.Hoe CTpoeelie c TaKO,BbIMH Ha rpy,nHbIX KOHeqeoc- TSIX (puc. 101). .

<l> y H K u. H SI Cf'IOaeT HaJibllbl H pasru6aeT CKaKal'eJlbHblH cycraB, npR OTTaJIKHBaHHH yqacTByeT B aKTHBHOM pasrHoaHHH BCex cycTaBOB.

l1e ll e p a. u M SI n. tibialis. · . .

MeJKKOeTH&1e H KopOTKHe Mli1Wl(M naJI&l(ee HMeRJ'f MHoro o6mero. c TaKOBhl:"'.' M:H rpy,nHhIX KQHeqiiocTen. 0TJIHti:H:ff: 3aK.iiroqaIOTCSI B TOM, qro y cooaKH HeT KopoTKOfo crHoaTeJISI V naJil>ua, y cBHHbH . HeT a.n.nyKropos II H V naJihUes H HeT llepseo6pa3HDIX Ml>IWU. Y COOaKH OO;llee 3IfaqHTeJibHO Bblpa}l{eHa KiJdiJpam- H.Wi. M.blW tfa noOOUJBbl, HJIH 006iuJottHblU ceu6aineAb - m. quadratus plantae

s. ni. flexor accessorius, KoTopbIH eaquHaeTCSI Ha JiarepaJibHOH noaepxHbCTH

;ZtHCTaJlhHOI"O KuHna u>I'IU4HOH KOCTH H Ha JiaTepaJibHbIX CBSl3Kax cKaKaTeJib- · Haro cycTaBa, oKaHqHaaeTCst Ha cyxo11CHJIHH .tJiy6oKoro crH6aTeJIS1 . naJibUeB•.

<l> y H K u H SI - crH6aIOT naJibllbI.

M H H e p s a u e » n. tibiahs.

CHCTEMA OPrAHOB KO>KHOfO DOKPOBA, HJlH 06UJ,HH IlO'KPOB­ INTEOUMENTUM COMMUNE

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H3MeHHHBOCTb, Hee xoporuasi: pereHepaTHBHaJI CilOC_?OOOCTb.

I

· CTPOEHHE. KO)l{HOfO DOKPOBA

B,KO>KHOM noKpoae Bbl)J.eJISIIOT TPH ttJiacTa pa3JiuqHoro c-rpoeHusi: u npottc­ xo1K.neHHsi:: 3fiH.llepMHC Hapy>KHbIH DJI8CT, . OCHOBY KO:>KH - cpe.neuu nJiaCT

u no.nKolKHt! vJ1y601mii ttJiatT (puc. 102). · . . . .

. 30H.11.ep c - epidermis, HJIH. Ha.l{K01KHIU3., npe.ncTaBJIHCT co6oA TOHKHii

. CJIOH, COCTOSII.IJ,HH HS. DJIOCKOro MHOf'.OCJIOHHOro anHTeJIHSI; IlOKpblTOro C IlOBepx­

Hocim poFOBLIM CJloeM MepTln:ilX KJieIOK. OH HTCH Ha ){Ba OCHOBHbI:X CJiqsi::

•rJIYOOKHH ·.-:'- nporiaeoa.mu,tJ.11 - H IiopXHOCTHhIH - poe060u. 06a CJIOSI B pas­

HblX MecTa.x 01KHOro noKpoBa H y pa3HbIX BH)lOB )lOMalliHHX lKHBOTHbIX OOCTpoe-

Hbl HeO)lHH;ll.KoBO: IlpoHBO)lSllIJ.HH CJIH - strat'um basale ·-COCTOHT .HS .>KH­

Bl:JX KJie'fOK; 'OKa3a:BWHCb Ha noBepXHOCTH, OHH npeapaJIJ.aIOTCSI B .IIJiaCTHHKH

.· (qeruy0KH) poroaoro CJIOSI stratum cornelim PoroBhle n11acTHHKH nocTenee f.IO OTTOpraIOTCSI B BM.Ile TaK H3blBaeMoii nepXOTH. BJiaro.l{apsi: OTTOp1KCHHIO q myeK K01KHbIH noKpoB oqttw.aeres OT sarpHsHeHuH. PoroB60 c.n:oit 3lUl.llCpMHca _ npe.noxpaHSICT KO:>KY OT MeXaHHlleCKHX noBpe>K,lleHHH, Bfl'[CblXaHHSI H ·SIBJIHeTCSI

xop@WHM: .llH3JieKTPHKOM. B fJiy6oKHx CJiosi:x KO)f{}f snu.nepMHca ;3aJiera10T nHr­

MeHTI;fble KJJeTKH. 0HH t:lpH)laIOT K01Ke OOpe,nCJieHHYlq OKpacKy, SaUJ.HJIJ.aSI ee QT .

ua6blTOqHoro cBeToBoro ao3,li.eikTBHH. B 06Jiac1J11 e<;tecTBCHHblX OTBepcTHA TeJia

. JKHBOTHoro snu.ziepMHC nepeXO,ll;HT B noKpoBHhIH 3IlH1CJIHH CJIHSHCTbl.X. o6oJJoqeK.

, OT OCHOBhl · K01KH 3IlHJJ.epMHc OT.llCJleH TOHKOH, 3JlaCTHt1ecKoit o6oJ1011KoH -

OCH06HOU MeM6pf;uiou. . , .

Oceoea K01KH - derma,, HJJH co6cTeeeao KOJKa -corium₁ e BHAe CHJihHO

• ' • \ • • , · ' - >

• 184

/

PHc. 102. Koma:

A - CXeMa crpoeHHR KO>KH (no 11., II. OcHIJOBy); I -epidermis; I I ..._ corium; ·111 -­ tela subcutanea et panniculus adiposum; IV . - piH tactiles; V - pililanei; V' folli· c;:ulus pill; 1 -scapus pili; 2 -radix pili; 3 - bulbus pi i; 4 - papilla pili; 5 -fol1i· cqlus pill; 6 - Kopueaoe a.naranume; 7 ..:.... gl. sebaceae;. 8 ,..... gl. sudori erae; 9 - mm., arrectores pilorum; 10 -CHHYChl BOJJOtllHOA CYMKH;• 11 -HOBhlA BOIOc;. 12.- JIHHllio· IUKA BoJJoc; 13 ;- HepBH Ko>KH; 14 - p,euenTOpbl; 15 -a:pTepHH; t6 - BeHhl; 17 -. fiO)l9IlHTeJJH8Jlh Hble KOlKHble .KanHJJJJHpbl; 18,,..- JJHMcj>aTa'lecirne COCYJlbl; 19 .:_ IlO)lKO>KHhlA mnp; B crpoeHHe KYTHKYJJhl BOJJoca y KpoTa (1), Ml:iIJIH (2), 606pa (). cypKa (4), BhlJlPhl (5), xophKa (6), KOWKH (7); JIOIJl8)lH (8); a -.KYTHKy,lia BOJJoca; 6 - KOpKOBMA CJJoA;

c -M03roaoA CJJoA; B. - pacnpe)leJJeHHe 'IYBCTBHTeJJ&Hrix' BOJJOC Ha roJJOBe CBHHbH (/), OBllbl (II), KopoBhl (/I/) H.JlOlllll,!lR (IV) (no IO. T. TexBepy). . .

pa3BHTOro TIJI,aCTa TIJIOTHOH COe.ll.HHHTeJibHOH: TKaHH COCTOHT H3 KOJIJiareHoBb X

H qacTHqHo 9JiacTHqecKHX BOJIOKOH. .lJ.epMy DO)lpa3)leJISIIOT Ha . COCOllKOBbIH H cTqaThIH cJiou. CT_?rp'aHHqHblii c 9IIH.ll.epMncoM coco'lK06bta CAOa - stratum pa­

·p1llare YBeJIHqnaaeT noaepxHOCTb Coe.ll.}IHeHHSI OCHOBbl K01KH c 9IlHJlepMHCOM u nJioIIJ.a.ll.b .llJISI pa3MeW.eHHSI KJieTOK .ero npouaBo.ll.mnero c.noS1. l:lepe3 pacno-

. JI01KeHHYIO B coco;,KoBOM CJIOe rycTyIO ceTb nqBepXHOCTHbIX HepBHbIX H cocy-

.ll.HCTbIX CTIJieTeHHH OCylIJ,eCTBJISIIOTCSI OOMeHHO-Tp<)(fJHqecJ<He npoueCChl B snHii:epMHee u socnpi:SIrn:e clJaKTopoa BHellIHei'I cpe.n.hl. B oceose K01KH pacno­

JI01KeHhl nOTOBb e H CaJibHble 1KeJie3bl, Koplin BOJlOC H rJia)lKHe J.JblllIUbl - no.n.­ HHMaTeJIH BOJIOC. fJia.n.KHe MbIIIIItbl co.n.ep.>Ka.TCSI . TaK1Ke B COCKaX MOJIOYHb X .

JKeJJe3, B BeKaX rna3 11 a MOWOHKe, a B no.n.Ko1KHOM CJioe TyJioauw.a, IIIeH H ro­

JIOBbl · HaXO.ll.SITCSI · nonepeqHoucqepqeHHh e MblllIUhl; HanpS1ra10w.ue OT.ll.eJibHfile

yqacTKH KOHCH H ctJacUHH. c noitJie1KalIJ,HMH TKaHSIMH OCHOBa KO>KH coe)l,HH.SleTCSI

nocpe.ZICTBOM no)(K01KHoro CJIOSI• .

no.zi:KOJKHLlii CJioii - tela subcutanea -'COCTOHT ua pbIXJIOH coe.nHHH­

TeJihHOH ·TKaliR, B KOTOpofl Moi;-yT OTKJiazu,JBaTbCSI 3anaCbl DO.ll.KO>l<HOro CaJia, HJIH 1KHpa. TOJIW.HHa acex nJiacroa K01KH y .noMaIIIHHX 1KHOOmbIX 61'pa11CeHa

B TaOJIHue 12. . . . .

. B . UeJIOM K01KHbIH noKpoB, CHSITbIH c 1KHBO'i'Horo, H33b1Bae'J'CSI IUKypoii. lliKypa, ocB060.ne110aS1 npH Bhl.ll.eJIKe OT no.nKomHoro CJIOSI, Ha3b1BaeTCSI Me­

XPM (OBqffHOH), a -OCBOOo.>KJJ.eHHaSI H OT snu.nepMHCa -:- Ko1Keii.