Глава 5 Військово-спеціальна підготовка Військово-професійна тематика

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• Розвинення навички усного послідовного і двостороннього перекладу

• Розвинення навички письмового перекладу

Lesson 18 Drill and Ceremonies

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Active terms and expressions

drill	стройова підготовка
ceremonies	військові ритуали (паради, марші, урочисті заходи)
base	база (елемент строю, що слугує основою для управління рухом)
column	колона; похідний стрій
depth	глибина строю
distance	дистанція
element	елемент строю; стройова одиниця
file	ряд строю; колона по одному
flank	фланг строю
formation syn. ranks	стрій
line	розгорнутий стрій
front	фронт строю
interval	інтервал
rank	шеренга
guide	напрямний
head	голова колони
pace	довжина кроку
step full ~ half ~	крок повний ~ півкроку ~
full step	повний крок
half step	півкроку
review syn. in-ranks inspection	стройовий огляд
parade	парад
honor guard	почесна варта
reveille	урочисте шикування для підйому прапора
retreat	урочисте шикування для спуску прапора
artillery salute	артилерійський салют
cohesion	стройова злагодженість
the manual of arms	стройові прийоми зі зброєю
march v. ~ in place v. ~ in step v. ~ out of step v.	крокувати; марширувати ~ на місці ~ в ногу ~ не в ногу
march in place v.	крокувати на місці
march in step v.	крокувати/іти в ногу
march out of step v.	крокувати/іти не в ногу
alignment	рівняння в шеренгах і колонах
command drill ~ two-part ~ combined ~ supplementary ~ mass ~ preparatory ~ ~ of execution	команда стройова ~ двоскладова ~ комбінована ~ додаткова ~ колективна ~ підготовча ~ виконавча ~
drill command	стройова команда
two-part command	двоскладова команда
combined command	комбінована команда
supplementary command	додаткова команда
mass command	колективна команда (подається під загальний рахунок тих, хто навчається)
preparatory command	підготовча команда
command of execution	виконавча команда
directive	розпорядження
cadence	1. темп/ритм руху (кроком/бігом) 2. ритмічність (руху або команди)
count cadence v.	відраховувати темп
maintain cadence v.	підтримувати ритмічність (руху або команди)
position of attention	стройове положення [за командою “струнко”]; стройова стійка
hand salute	військове вітання (з прикладанням руки до головного убору або голови)
salute v.	віддавати військове вітання
facing	повороти
quick time	рух стройовим кроком (120 кроків за хвилину)
double time	рух бігом (180 кроків за хвилину)
post of a commander	місце (положення) командира в строю
abreast	розміщення на одній лінії (у шерен­гах)
команди, що подаються на місці
AT MY COMMAND	СЛУХАЙ МОЮ КОМАНДУ
AT YOUR COMMAND	за вашою командою
take charge of your unit	підрозділ у вашому розпорядженні
ATTENTION	СТРУНКО
AS YOU WERE	ВІДСТАВИТИ
FALL IN	СТАВАЙ
AT EASE	ВІЛЬНО
REST	ЗАПРАВИТИСЬ
FALL OUT	РОЗІЙДИСЬ (військовослужбовці перебувають поряд з місцем проведення занять/заходів)
DISMISSED	РОЗІЙДИСЬ (військовослужбовці можуть залишити місце проведення занять/заходів та)
Dress right, DRESS	Праворуч − РІВНЯЙСЬ
Dress left, DRESS	Ліворуч − РІВНЯЙСЬ
Ready, FRONT	СТРУНКО
Eyes, RIGHT	Рівняння − ПРАВОРУЧ
Eyes, LEFT	Рівняння - ЛІВОРУЧ
Eyes, FRONT	Рівняння - ДО СЕРЕДИНИ
Right, FACE	Право-РУЧ (на місці)
Left, FACE	Ліво-РУЧ (на місці)
About, FACE	Кру-ГОМ (на місці)
Present, ARMS	1. Військове вітання – ВІДДАТИ 2. Зброєю – ЧЕСТЬ (зі зброєю)
Order, ARMS	1. Стройову стійку – ПРИЙНЯТИ 2. До но-ГИ (зі зброєю)
Count, OFF	За порядком номерів, РАХУЙСЬ
By twos, Number	На перший-другий, РАХУЙСЬ
Right step, MARCH	Крок праворуч, кроком – РУШ
Left step, MARCH	Крок ліворуч, кроком – РУШ
Mark time, MARCH	На місці, кроком – РУШ
In place, double time, MARCH	На місці, бігом – РУШ
Forward, MARCH	Кроком – РУШ
Double time, MARCH	Бігом – РУШ
команди, що подаються під час руху
Route step, MARCH	Похідним кроком, РУШ; ІТИ НЕ В НОГУ
Change step, MARCH	ЗМІНИТИ НОГУ
Half step, MARCH	ПІВКРОКУ; КОРОТШИЙ КРОК
Right flank, MARCH	Право-РУЧ (під час руху)
Left flank, MARCH	Ліво-РУЧ (під час руху)
Rear, MARCH	Кругом – РУШ
Squad, HALT	Відділення – СТІЙ
At ease, March	ВІЛЬНО (під час руху)
команди на виконання стройових прийомів зі зброєю
Inspection, ARMS	Зброю – ДО ОГЛЯДУ
Port, ARMS	На-ГРУДИ
Present, ARMS	Зброєю – ЧЕСТЬ
Order, ARMS	До но-ГИ
Right shoulder, ARMS	На праве пле-ЧЕ
Left shoulder, ARMS	На ліве пле-ЧЕ
Sling, ARMS	На ре-МІНЬ
Adjust, SLINGS	Зброю – Припасувати
Fix, BAYONETS	Багнети – ПРИМКНУТИ

*****

to assume the position of attention	прийняти стройове положення
to begin with the left foot	починати рух з лівої ноги
to call the unit to attention	подавати [підрозділу] команду “Cтрунко”
to exchange salutes	віддавати військове вітання один одному
to face in marching	здійснювати повороти під час руху

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Prepare translation of the main text

Drill and Ceremonies⁵⁴

General

Drill starts the day a man enters the Armed Forces. Some of the drill terms are: base, column, depth, distance, element, file, flank, formation, front, guide, head, interval, line, pace, rank, and step. The purpose of drill is to enable a commander to move his unit from one place to another in an orderly manner; aid in disciplinary training by instilling habits of precision and response to the leader’s orders; provide a means of enhancing the morale of troops; provide for the development of all soldiers in the practice of commanding troops.

Ceremonies (reviews, parades, honor guards, retreats, reveilles, artillery salutes, funerals etc.) are formations and movements in which troops execute movements in unison and with precision just as in drill. However, their primary value is to render honors, preserve tradition, stimulate esprit de corps, enhance the morale of troops, and develop cohesion.

Drills give junior officers and NCOs practice in commanding troops. Stress should be placed on precision in execution of the manual of arms and in marching in step with proper alignment.

There are three methods of instruction used to teach drill to soldiers: step-by-step, talk-through, and by-the-numbers. As a rule, marching movements are taught by using the step-by-step method. Movements that require numerous or simultaneous actions by an individual or unit are best taught by the talk-through method. Movements that have two or more counts are taught by using the by-the-numbers method. Each movement (regardless of the method used) should be presented using three teaching stages: explanation, demonstration, and practice.

Drill Commands

A drill command is an oral order of a commander or leader. All drill commands can be divided into two-part commands, combined commands, supplementary commands, mass commands and directives.

Most drill commands are two-part commands: the preparatory command and the command of execution. Neither part of a two-part command is a command by itself. (The command Ready, aim, FIRE, is considered to be a two-part command even though it contains two preparatory commands.) The preparatory command states the movement to be carried out and mentally prepares the soldier for its execution. The command of execution tells when the movement is to be carried out. In the command Forward, MARCH, the preparatory command is Forward, and the command of execution is MARCH. For ease in distinguishing a preparatory command from a command of execution, the commands of execution are normally printed in BOLD CAP letters and preparatory commands are printed in Bold Italic letters⁵⁵.

In some commands, the preparatory command and the command of execution are combined: FALL IN, AT EASE, REST. These combined commands are given without inflection and at a uniformly high pitch and loudness comparable to that for a normal command of execution.

Supplementary commands are oral orders given by a subordinate leader that reinforce and complement a commander’s order. They ensure proper understanding and execution of a movement. It is normally given between the preparatory command and the command of execution.

Mass commands may be used to develop confidence and promote enthusiasm. They are definitely effective in developing a command voice when instructing a leadership course. When the instructor wants the unit to use mass commands, he commands AT YOUR COMMAND. The instructor gives a supplementary command describing the movement to be performed (for example, face the platoon to the right) and the command of execution – COMMAND. When the instructor says COMMAND, all personnel in the unit give the command Right, FACE, in unison, and simultaneously execute the movement. When the instructor wants to stop mass commands, he commands AT MY COMMAND. The normal method of drilling is then resumed.

Directives are oral orders given by the commander that direct or cause a subordinate leader to take action. The commander gives directives rather than commands when it is more appropriate for subordinate elements to execute a movement or perform a task as independent elements of the same formation. Directives are given in sentence form and are normally prefixed by the terms HAVE YOUR UNITS or BRING YOUR UNITS (for example: BRING YOUR UNITS TO PRESENT ARMS). TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR UNIT is the only directive on which a commander relinquishes his command and on which salutes are exchanged.

The commander gives the command AS YOU WERE to revoke a preparatory command that he has given. The command AS YOU WERE must be given prior to the command of execution. The commander cannot cancel the command of execution with AS YOU WERE. If an improper command is not revoked, the personnel execute the movement in the best manner possible.

Cadence. The term "cadence" has several meanings in drill. It is the uniform rhythm in which the movement is executed. It is also the number of steps or counts per minute at which a movement is executed. Cadence, in commands, means a uniform and rhythmic flow of words.

To enable the soldier to learn or maintain cadence and develop rhythm, the instructor should have the soldier count cadence while marching. To count cadence while marching at quick time, the instructor gives the preparatory command, Count cadence, as the left foot strikes the marching surface, and the command of execution, COUNT, the next time the left foot strikes the marching surface. The soldier begins to count the next time the left foot strikes the marching surface and counts as each foot strikes the marching surface: ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR; ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR. To count cadence while double timing, the procedures are basically the same, except the soldier only counts each time the left foot strikes the marching surface. To maintain cadence when marching, soldiers will be allowed to sing, or a drummer’s beat may provide cadence.

Positions of Attention and Rest

Assume the position of attention on the command FALL IN or the command Squad (platoon), ATTENTION. To assume this position, bring the heels together sharply on line, with the toes pointing out equally, forming an angle of 45 degrees. Rest the weight of the body evenly on the heels and balls of both feet. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees. Hold the body erect with the hips level, chest lifted and arched, and the shoulders square. Keep the head erect and face straight to the front with the chin drawn in so that alignment of the head and neck is vertical. Let the arms hang straight without stiffness. Curl the fingers so that the tips of the thumbs are alongside and touching the first joint of the forefingers. Keep the thumbs straight along the seams of the trouser leg with the first joint of the fingers touching the trousers. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed.

To align elements the commands Dress right (left), DRESS; ready, FRONT are given. The commands Eyes, RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT) may follow. The commands for counting off are Count, OFF, or By twos, NUMBER.

All rests are executed from the halt. On the command AT EASE, silence is required but one may move; on the command REST, one may move, talk, smoke, or drink unless otherwise directed. On the command FALL OUT, the soldier may leave the ranks but is required to remain in the immediate area. To dismiss the men the command DISMISSED is given.

Hand Salute

The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is Present, ARMS. On the command of execution ARMS the right hand is smartly raised until the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress or forehead above. The hand and wrist are straight, the elbow inclined slightly forward, and the upper arm horizontal. Order arms from the hand salute is performed on command Order, ARMS. On the command of execution ARMS return the hand sharply to the side, resuming the position of attention.

When reporting or rendering courtesy to an individual, turn the head and eyes toward the person addressed and simultaneously salute. In this situation, the actions are executed without command. The salute is initiated by the subordinate at the appropriate time and terminated upon acknowledgment.

The hand salute may be executed while marching. It is executed six paces away from the person saluted. Hold salute until the person saluted has passed or the salute is returned. When double timing, a soldier must come to quick time before saluting. When a formation is marching at double time, only the individual in charge assumes quick time and salutes.

Facing, Steps and Marching

All marching movements executed from the halt are initiated from the position of attention. Except for route step march and at ease march, all marching movements are executed while marching at attention. Marching at attention is the combination of the position of attention and the procedures for the prescribed step executed simultaneously.

When executed from the halt, all steps except right step begin with the left foot. For short-distance marching movements, the commander may designate the number of steps forward, backward, or sideward by giving the appropriate command: One step to the right (left), MARCH; or, Two steps backward (forward), MARCH. On the command of execution MARCH, step off with the appropriate foot, and halt automatically after completing the number of steps designated. Unless otherwise specified, when directed to execute steps forward, the steps will be 30-inch steps.

All marching movements are executed in the cadence of quick time (120 steps per minute), except the 30-inch step, which may be executed in the cadence of 180 steps per minute on the command Double time, MARCH. A step is the prescribed distance from one heel to the other heel of a marching soldier.

To face the men at a halt to the flank or rear, the commands are Right (Left), FACE or About, FACE. To face in marching the following commands are used: Right (Left) flank, MARCH; Rear, MARCH. To change the direction of a column 90 or 45 degrees, the commands Column right (left), MARCH or Column half right (half left), MARCH are given. The interval between the preparatory command and the command of execution is normally one step or count.

To march forward the commands are Forward, MARCH or Double time, MARCH. To march or double time in place, the commands are accordingly Mark time, MARCH; In place, double time, MARCH.

To halt while marching, the command Squad (Platoon), HALT is given. The preparatory command Squad (Platoon) is given as either foot strikes the marching surface as long as the command of execution HALT is given the next time that foot strikes the marching surface. The halt is executed in two counts. After HALT is commanded, execute the additional step required after the command of execution and then bring the trail foot alongside the lead foot, assuming the position of attention and terminating the movement.

To march with a 15-inch step from the halt, the command is Half step, MARCH. To march with a 15-inch step backward, the command is Backward, MARCH. The command is given only while at the halt. On the preparatory command Backward, shift the weight of the body without noticeable movement onto the right foot. On the command of execution MARCH, take a 15-inch step backward with the left foot and continue marching backward with 15-inch steps. The arms swing naturally. The halt from backward march is executed in two counts, basically the same as the halt from the 30-inch step.

The appropriate commands for changing the step or marching other than at attention are: Change step, MARCH (the command is given as the right foot strikes the marching surface); Route step, MARCH (one is not required to maintain silence or stay in step); At ease, MARCH (silence must be maintained, but one may stay out of step).

Before starting any movement of armed troops, the weapons are brought to the right or left shoulder, sling or other positions. The appropriate commands are Right (Left) shoulder (or Sling), ARMS; Order, ARMS; Present, ARMS.

	Answer the questions

1. What is drill training designed for?

2. How is the term "ceremonies" defined in FM 22-5?

3. What commands are given to indicate the movement that is to be executed?

4. How are soldiers trained to develop their proficiency in marching?

5. Why do most drill commands have two parts: the preparatory command and the command of execution?

6. What is the command to form an element?

7. How can an instructor take command of an element?

8. What is the command to resume the previous position?

9. What position are movements initiated from?

	Match the terms with the definitions and translate them

Base	Space between elements in the direction of depth.
Center	Cadence at the rate of 180 steps per minute.
Column	A formation in which the elements are placed one behind another.
Depth	The space from head to rear of any formation or of a position, including the leading and rear elements. The depth of a man is assumed to be 12 inches.
Distance	The element on which a movement is regulated.
Double time	The middle point or element of a command.
Element	The right or left of a command in line or in column, or the element on the right or left of the line.
File	Arrangement of the elements of a command. The placing of all fractions in their order in line, in column, or for battle.
Flank	A squad, section, platoon, company, or larger unit, forming a part of a still larger unit.
Formation	A column of men one behind the other.
Front	Space between individuals or elements of the same line.
Guide	An officer, noncommissioned officer, or private upon whom the command (or elements there of) regulates its march.
Head	The left extremity or element of a body of troops.
Interval	The space occupied by an element measured from one flank to the opposite flank. The front of a man is assumed to be 22 inches.
Left	The leading element of a column.
Line	A step of 30 inches; the length of the full step in quick time.
Mass formation	Cadence at the rate of 120 steps per minute.
Pace	A formation in which the different elements are abreast of each other.
Piece	A line of men placed side by side.
Quick time	A formation of a company or battalion in which the squads in column are abreast of one another.
Rank	A rifle or the automatic rifle.
Right	A distance measured from heel to heel between the feet of a man walking. The half step and back step are 15 inches.
Step	The right extremity of a body of troops.

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Translate into Ukrainian

"Forward, MARCH"; the guide; command of execution; to shift the weight of the body; to take the step off; exaggeration of movements; the quick time; the side step; "Mark time, MARCH; to face to the right; to execute the same movement simultaneously.

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Translate into English

Повороти під час руху; стройове положення зі зброєю; змінювати швидкість руху; виконувати військове вітання чітко і бадьоро; прикладати праву руку до головного убору; елемент стройового прийому; торкатися нижнього краю головного убору; положення "на плече".

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Translate quickly

Drill; рухатись організовано; rank; подавати команду; alignment; похідний крок; ceremonies; рух бігом; стройовий огляд; the manual of arms; вирівнюватись; to march in step; cadence; багнет; cohesion; рух зi зброєю; витримувати дистанцію; arm's length; нижній край головного убору; прикласти руку до головного убору; ставити ногу на землю; повернутися кругом; припинити рух; позначати крок на місці; почати рух; переносити вагу тіла; the right heel; похідний крок; the person saluted; "ВІДСТАВИТИ"; hand salute; right step; to strike the ground; exaggeration of movements.

	Build up your vocabulary

command

[Middle English commaunden, from Old French comander, from Late Latin commandіre]

command v.