- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Subject Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives
- •Articles
- •Telephone Numbers
- •Countries and Nationalities
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Are the following sentences true or false? If false, say why.
- •Questions
- •Social english
- •Introductions
- •Dialogues
- •Much/many/a lot
- •Some/any/no
- •There is/are Positive sentence
- •Negative sentence
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Articles
- •Numbers
- •Possessive - ’s/s’
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •(The) other(s)/another
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Social english Greetings
- •Dialogues
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Possessive Pronouns
- •Articles
- •Adjectives. The Comparative: using -er and more
- •Object Pronouns
- •Like/alike
- •Adjectives. The Superlative: using -est and most
- •Word Order: Adjectives
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Are the following statements true or false? If false, say why.
- •II. Fill in Paul's family tree. Write the names.
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for these sentences.
- •IV. Quote the sentences in which the following words and combinations are used in the text.
- •Speaking
- •Family relations
- •Appearance
- •Character
- •Questions
- •Social english Time Expressions
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Adverbs Adverbs of manner (answer the question how?)
- •Adverbs of place (answer the question where?)
- •Adverbs of time (answer the question when?)
- •Word order: adverbs of manner, place and time
- •Adverbs of frequency
- •Adverbs of degree
- •Too/either
- •So do I/neither do I
- •Adverbs: the Comparative and Superlative
- •Articles
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary:
- •Speaking Useful Words and Expressions
- •Social english Directions What is the way to ...?
- •Verbs not normally used in the continuous
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions.
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Present Continuous vs. Present Simple
- •To be going to
- •Would like to do vs. Like doing
- •(A) little / (a) few
- •Indefinite Pronouns and Adverbs
- •Reflexive Pronouns
- •Themselves/ourselves vs. Each other/one another
- •Articles
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Are the following statements true or false? If false, say why.
- •II. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. Ask the questions.
- •IV. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.
- •V. Give a summary of the text.
- •VI. Complete these sentences. Use active words and word combinations.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Social english Days and Dates
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •Cost, like, be back, stay, finish, snow, pass.
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •There is/are’ in the Future Simple Tense
- •Future Continuous
- •Verbs normally not used in the Continuous
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Future Simple vs. Future Continuous
- •Future Perfect Tense
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Ways of Expressing Future
- •Time and Conditional Clauses
- •Time Clause
- •Conditional Clause
- •In case
- •Both, either, neither
- •Both ... And/either ... Or/neither ... Nor
- •Articles
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Are the following sentences true or false? If false, say why.
- •II. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. Ask the questions.
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for these sentences.
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Package tour, trip, travel, journey, cruise, tour, flight
- •Social english
- •Positive form - Regular verbs
- •Positive form - Irregular verbs
- •Negative form
- •Regular and irregular verbs that are easily confused
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Used to/would
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Past Continuous vs. Past Simple
- •Present Continuous and Present Simple; Past Continuous and Past Simple
- •Emphatic Auxiliaries - do/does/did
- •Articles
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Are the following sentences true or false? If false, say why.
- •II. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. Ask the questions.
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for these word-combinations and sentences.
- •IV. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.
- •V. Give a summary of the text.
- •VI. Complete these sentences. Use active words and word combinations.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Useful Words and Expressions Levels of education in uk:
- •School Subjects:
- •Students and Teachers:
- •Exams and Qualifications:
- •Questions
- •Social english At the Railway Station
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Just/ already/yet/still
- •Not ... Any more/not ... Any longer/no longer
- •Been in/been to/gone to
- •Since/for
- •Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
- •Article
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Are the following statements true or false? If false, say why.
- •II. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. Ask the questions.
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations.
- •IV. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.
- •V. Give a summary of the text.
- •VI. Complete these sentences. Use active words and word combinations.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Social english Making an Appointment
- •Dialogues
- •Unit 10
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General question
- •Alternative question
- •Special questions
- •Tag question
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •We use the following time expressions with the Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General question
- •Alternative question
- •Special questions
- •Tag question
- •Past Perfect vs. Past Perfect Continuous
- •Reported speech
- •Reporting verbs
- •Indirect speech
- •Reported statements: with tense changes
- •Reported statements: other changes
- •Reported questions: general and alternative questions
- •Reported questions: special questions
- •Reported questions: tag questions
- •Reported commands
- •Reported offers
- •Reported requests
- •Review of reported speech
- •Reported conversations
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary:
- •Speaking
- •Social English Saying Good-bye
- •Dialogues
- •Unit 11
- •Ability and inability: can, could, be able to
- •Permission and prohibition: can, could, may, be allowed to
- •Obligation and necessity: must/have to/need (to)
- •Must vs. Have (got) to
- •In some sentences, two answers are possible.
- •Obligation and advice: should/ought to/shall/had better
- •Possibility: can/could/may/might
- •Certainty: must/can't/couldn't
- •Probability: should/ought to/will
- •Requests: could/would/can/will
- •Offers: can/could/shall/will/would
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.
- •III. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.
- •Speaking Useful Words and Expressions
- •Questions
- •Social english Polite Requests
- •Unsolved mysteries
- •Positive form
- •Negative form
- •General questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Special questions
- •Tag questions
- •Verbs with two objects in the passive
- •Verbs with prepositions in the passive
- •It is said that she ... / She is said to ... (Complex Subject)
- •Have something done
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary:
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Social english Expressing Preference and Reluctance
- •Dialogue
- •Unit 13
- •First Conditional vs. Second Conditional
- •Third Conditional
- •"Zero" Conditional
- •First/Second/Third/Zero Conditionals
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary:
- •I. Don't look back at the text and say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, say why.
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Give a summary of the text.
- •Speaking
- •Questions
- •Social english
- •Invitations
- •Accepting Invitations
- •14003, М. Чернігів, вул. Стрілецька, 1.
Social English Saying Good-bye
- (I’m afraid), I must go (now).
- I must be off.
- Good-bye (till tomorrow/Monday ...)
- See you later/next week.
- Bye(-bye)!
- So long!
- Cheerio!
- Take care!
Words of remembrance
- (Please) give my (kind/best …) regards to …
- Give my love to...
- Give my best wishes to.-
- (Please) remember me to ...
Dialogues
Paul is just leaving Sabine's party.
Sabine: |
Well, thanks for coming, Paul, soon. |
Paul: |
Yes, fine. Cheerio, then, Sabine |
Sabine: |
Cheerio. And give my regards to your Greta. |
Paul: |
Yes, sure. Bye, and thanks again |
Mr Terry Simon is leaving the party given by colleague, Mr Barry.
Mr Simon: |
I'm afraid I must go now. |
Mr Barry: |
Must you really? |
Mr Simon: |
Yes, I'm afraid so. I get up rath tomorrow. |
Mr Barry: |
Well, thank you very much for coming, Mr Simon. |
Mr Simon: |
Good-bye, Mr Barry and thank you for a most enjoyable party. |
Mr Barry: |
Good-bye. And please give my best wishes to Mrs Simon. |
Mr Simon: |
Certainly. |
Exercise 1. Match a line in A with a line in B
A |
B |
1. Thank you for the party, John. |
a. Yes, surt |
2. Give my love to Tom. |
b. I'm afraid not. I must be off now. |
3. Take care! |
c. Bye-bye! |
4. See you on Monday. |
d. That's OK. Come again. |
5. You've got time for a quick cup of tea, haven't you? |
e. That's a pity but I’m busy on Monday. |
Unit 11
HISTORY MAKERS
Focus on
Use of English
Grammar:
Modal Verbs:
(In)ability: can/could/be able to
Permission and prohibition: can/could/may/be allowed
Obligation and necessity: must/need (to)
Obligation and advice: should/ought to/shall/had better
Possibility: can/could/may/might
Certainty: must/can't/couldn't
Probability: should/ought to/will Request: could/would/can/will
Offer: can/could/shall/will/would
Reading
Human Achievements
Speaking
Social English
Polite Request
USE OF ENGLISH
Grammar
Modal Verbs
Modal Verbs (CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, NEED (TO, OUGHT TO, SHALL, SHOULD, WILL, WOULD) are used to talk about ability, possibility, obligation, certainty, permission, willingness, etc.
I can speak English rather well. (ability)
He could be in the living room. (possibility)
You must be home by 11o’clock. (obligation)
She hasn’t eaten all day. She must be very hungry. (certainty)
May I borrow your car? (permission)
I will help you. (willingness)
Modal verbs | |||||||||||
Meaning |
can |
could |
may |
must |
need |
should |
ought to |
shall |
might |
will |
would |
(In)ability |
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permission |
v |
v |
v |
|
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prohibition |
v |
v |
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obligation |
|
|
|
v |
|
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
Necessity |
|
|
|
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advice |
|
|
|
|
|
v |
v |
v |
|
|
|
Possibility |
v |
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
v |
|
|
Certainty |
v |
v |
|
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Probability |
|
|
|
|
|
v |
v |
|
|
v |
|
Request |
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
v |
v |
Offers |
v |
v |
|
|
|
|
|
v |
|
|
|
Positive form is used by putting the modal verb between the subject and the main verb.
They can stay here for a week.
He might be angry if I do that.
Negative form is used by adding not (or n’t) after the modal verb.
Tom could not (couldn't) swim when he was a child.
You should not (shouldn't) paint your door.
Questions are formed by putting the modal verb in front of the subject.
"May I leave when I've finished?" he asked.
Must we give them the money?
Instead of some modal verbs we can use other verbs and expressions
e.g. can => be able to; be allowed to; must => have (got) to; etc.
They are not able to run very fast.
It isn't allowed to park here.
I always have to do the shopping.
NOTE:
1. The negative of CAN is cannot or can't
I cannot/can't take a day of whenever I want.
2. NEED can be needn't (modal form) or don't need to (verb form).
You needn't do your homework tonight.
She doesn't need to have a visa to go to France from Britain.
Exercise 1. Rewrite these sentences as questions or negatives.
Example: I must go to work today.
I mustn't go to work today./Must I go to work today?
1. You can answer all the questions.
2. We may park here.
3. On weekdays we could stay up late.
4. Ann might know Tom's address.
5. I ought to write to him tomorrow.
6. Kelly must practise the piano every day.
7. They should be in bed now.
8. We need (to) tell Nick about the party.