Positive form

had + Participle II

I You He/She/It We You They

had(‘d) already gone out when Jim rang the office this morning.

Exercise 1. Here are infinitives of some regular and irregular verbs. Write the past participles.

advise	__	go	__	rise	__
be	__	have	__	see	__
begin	__	hear	__	sell	__
catch	__	know	__	take	__
dry	__	tell	__	pass	__
eat	__	lose	__	visit	__

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences putting the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect Tense.

Example: When we arrived at the station, our train had already left. (already/leave)

1. When he arrived at the theatre, the play ___. (already/start)

2. As soon as they ___ (go), I went straight to bed.

3. I suddenly remembered that I ___ (forget) my keys.

4. When I came to the post office, it ___. (already/ close)

5. When Polly went back to the shop, they___ (sell) the book she wanted.

Negative form

had not (hadn't) + Participle II

I You He/She/It	had not (hadn’t) eaten anything when Kevin got there.
We You They	had not (hadn’t) eaten anything when Kevin got there.

Exercise 3. Make the following positive sentences negative.

Example: They'd eaten everything by the time I arrived. - They hadn't eaten anything by the time I arrived.

1. Before last week, they'd known each other.

2. She was angry because she'd caught the bus.

3. The class had started when I arrived.

4. The guests had left before she got home.

5. It was a film that we'd heard of.

General question

Had

I You He/She/It We You They

made a mistake? - Yes/No,

I You He/She/It We You They

had(n’t)

Exercise 4. Make these sentences into general questions. Give short answers.

Example: Before we had finished our meal, he ordered us back to work.

Had we finished our meal before he ordered us back to work? - No, we hadn't.

1. The sun hadn't risen before they decided to set off.

2. Before we went home, we had finished our work.

3. She hadn't done all the shopping when she suddenly felt sick.

4. He had spoken to the boss before he decided to leave.

5. Before we had supper, the children had gone to bed.

Exercise 5. Rewrite the following sentences as positive, negative or a general question, according to the instructions.

Example: By the time the lecture was over, the rain had already stopped. (negative)

By the time the lecture was over, they rain hadn't stopped yet.

1. Hank hadn't tried on several T-shirts before he chose the one he liked most. (positive)

2. I had finished the letter when I realized it was too late to post it. (negative)

3. Ted's father had advised him not to get married till he was 35. (question)

4. After our car had broken down a third time we decided to sell it. (question)

5. The thieves had already gone away by the time the police arrived. (negative)