- •Кременчук 2003
- •Витяг з протоколу № 1
- •В/о зав. Кафедри о.В. Фадєєва
- •Рецензія
- •Рецензент доц. О.В. Фадєєва Тематичний план лекцій
- •Lection 1. The noun in the contrasted languages
- •Nouns ending in vowels other than -o/-e
- •Syntax of the noun the cases
- •The nominative case
- •The accusative case
- •The genitive case
- •The dative case
- •Impersonal constructions: -ся verbs:
- •The locative case
- •The instrumental case
- •The vocative case
- •Syntax of case: the preposition
- •Alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions
- •Case government of Ukrainian prepositions Prepositions governing the genitive
- •Prepositions governing the genitive in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the accusative
- •Prepositions governing the accusative in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the dative
- •Prepositions governing the locative
- •Prepositions governing the locative in addition to other cases
- •Spatial constructions
- •Temporal constructions
- •Prepositions governing the instrumental
- •Substantival word formation
- •Lecture 2. The adjective
- •2. Comparison
- •Regular comparatives
- •Irregular comparatives
- •The analytic or compound comparative
- •Usage and 'than'
- •3. Using adjectives
- •Adjectives constructed with cases and prepositional phrases
- •Adjectives constructed with prepositional phrases
- •Genitive
- •Accusative
- •Instrumental
- •Locative
- •Adjectives constructed with infinitives and adverbs
- •Lection 3-4. The verb in the contrasted languages
- •2. Aspect and tense
- •Verbs of motion determinate and indeterminate
- •Imperfective:
- •Sequence of actions
- •3. The passive
- •4. The imperatives and conditionals the imperative
- •Irregular verbs
- •Inclusive ('Let's') commands
- •The conditional
- •5. Participles, gerunds,infinitive
- •Passive participles
- •The use of the infinitive
- •Verbs requiring the use of an infinitive
- •6. Transitive / intransiive verbs
- •Intransitive vs. Transitive: -ся verbs
- •Intransitive verbs without -ся
- •Intransitive verbs with -ся
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •Interrogatives
- •Indefinites
- •Interrogatives of time
- •Statements of time
- •Indefinites
- •Quantitative adverbs (adverbs of degree)
- •Indefinites
- •Сидячи сидячи стоячи стоячи лежачи лежачи
- •Adverbial modal constructions
- •It is possible that it will rain (perhaps it will rain).
- •It is impossible to open the door (it’s stuck, locked,. . .).
- •Lection 6. The numeral and pronoun in the contrasted languages
- •Summary table of cardinal, collective, and ordinal numerals
- •Два/дві, три, чотири and обидва/обидві
- •П'ять and above
- •Selected paradigms
- •Collectives
- •Distribution
- •The ordinals
- •Time expressions
- •Hours (time of day)
- •Fractions
- •Indefinite quantifiers
- •2. The pronoun: general remarks
- •2. The groups of pronouns
- •Interrogative and relative pronouns
- •'Whose?'
- •'How much?' - 'how many?'
- •Indefinite, negative, and distributive pronouns
- •Indefinites and distributives
- •Lection 7. The conjunction in the contrasted languages
- •General characteristic
- •Using conjunction
- •1. General characteristic
- •2. Using conjunctions
- •Coordination with conjunctions
- •Contrast
- •Within the composite sentence
- •The indirect y/n question
- •Other indirect questions
- •Adverbial or oblique clauses
- •Paired and repeated conjunctions
It is possible that it will rain (perhaps it will rain).
Неможливо відчинити двері.
It is impossible to open the door (it’s stuck, locked,. . .).
To express obligation it is also possible to use the adjectival form повинен (masc.), повинна (fern.), повинні (pi.) with the person in the nominative:
Я повинен (був), вона повинна (була), вони повинні (були) це зробити.
І, she, they ought to do (to have done) this.
See also expressions of this kind involving verbs (especially in conjunction with the infinitive).
OTHER INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS; ‘YES’, ‘NO’, ‘NOT
A few remaining interrogative adverbs do not fit easily into the categories described above; they are:
чому, чого, пощо? Why?
Навіщо? What for?
Хіба? . . . really? Is it the case that.. .? (not in questions:
unless, except)
Невже? Is it possible that. . .? indeed?
Чи? Interrogative particle: whether
The last three listed might also be described as interrogative particles rather than as adverbs; compare on the use of some of these forms as conjunctions.
Note particularly that чи has two functions: as a conjunction it can express ‘or’; as an adverbial form it introduces a question, as in Чи можна мені піти … . In one and the same sentence, unless it is a clear case of ‘either . . . or . . .’, the first чи introduces a question while the second is the conjunction or in tag questions:
He знаю, чи він буде вдома/дома сьогодні.
І don’t know if (whether or not) he will be home today.
Чи будеш працювати завтра, чи ні?
Are you going to work tomorrow, or not (lit. ‘no’)?
‘YES’, ‘NO’, ‘NOT’
так yes
ні no
не not
Note particularly that the adverbial ні ‘no’ should not be confused with the conjunction meaning ‘neither . . . nor’. As the last example cited above shows, care must be taken when translating ні, as it is better translated as ‘not’ in some contexts.
Literature: 1-6, 8
Lection 6. The numeral and pronoun in the contrasted languages
THE NUMERAL
THE PRONOUN: GENERAL REMARKS
THE GROUPS OF PRONOUNS
1. The numeral
Summary table of cardinal, collective, and ordinal numerals
Cardinals Collectives Ordinals
1 один, одна, одне (одно) - перший
2 два (m./n.), дві (f.) двоє другий
3 три троє третій
4 чотири четверо четвертий
5 п'ять п'ятеро п'ятий
6 шість шестеро шостий
7 сім семеро сьомий
8 вісім восьмеро восьмий
9 дев'ять дев'ятеро дев'ятий
10 десять десятеро десятий
11 одинадцять одинадцятеро одинадцятий
12 дванадцять дванадцятеро дванадцятий
13 тринадцять тринадцятеро тринадцятий
14 чотирнадцять чотирнадцятеро чотирнадцятий
15 п'ятнадцять п'ятнадцятеро п'ятнадцятий
16 шістнадцять шістнадцятеро шістнадцятий
17 сімнадцять сімнадцятеро сімнадцятий
18 вісімнадцять вісімнадцятеро вісімнадцятий
19 дев'ятнадцять дев'ятнадцятеро дев'ятнадцятий
20 двадцять двадцятеро двадцятий
ЗО тридцять тридцятеро тридцятий
40 сорок - сороковий
50 п'ятдесят - п'ятдесятий
60 шістдесят - шістдесятий
70 сімдесят - сімдесятий
80 вісімдесят - вісімдесятий
90 дев'яносто - дев'яностий
100 сто - сотий
200 двісті - двохсотий
300 триста - трьохсотий
400 чотириста - чотирьохсотий
500 п'ятсот - п'ятисотий
600 шістсот - шестисотий
700 сімсот - семисотий
800 вісімсот - восьмисотий
900 дев'ятсот - дев'ятисотий
1000 тисяча - тисячний
2000 дві тисячі - двохтисячний
1 million мільйон - мільйонний
1 billion мільярд - мільярдний
Note I Cardinal 1 is declined as an end stressed pronoun (as in той та те - Одно is the earlier form одне having arisen under the influence of the adjectival form for example старе) ordinals are declined like adjectives
Note 2 The teens tens (apart from ten ) and hundreds (apart from one hundred) are com pound І е written as one word the hundreds are declined m both elements Compound numerals and fractions are composite І е written separately as in тридцять сім thirty seven вісімсот п'ятдесят шість ‘856’ дві цілі i чотири п'ятих ‘two point eight’
Note 3 Note the use of the apostrophe and the soft sign particularly the omission of the soft sign (when a nominative marker) word internally (an omission not preventing word internal declension of the hundreds)
Note 4 Note the stress difference between certain ordinals and cardinals namely дев'ять - дев'ятий ‘nine’ – ‘ninth’, десять - десятий ‘ten’ – ‘tenth’ двадцять двадцятий twenty twentieth тридцять тридцятий thirty thirtieth сорок сороковий forty fortieth
Note 5 We can add нуль zero genitive ну ля which if constructed with a noun or noun phrase will place them in the genitive case
THE CARDINALS AND COLLECTIVES
Cardinals may on the whole be used either on their own, in which case they are fully declined as required by the syntax of the sentence, for example
До шести додати сім.
Add six to seven
Від чотирьох відняти три.
Subtract three from four
П’ятдесят - це ціле число.
Fifty is a whole number
Все одно.
It's all the same
Одні були вдома, інші були в місті.
Some were at home, others were in town
Їм пощастило, що вони знайшли одна одну в університеті вчора.
They were lucky they found each other at the university yesterday n
As such they might be mterpretable as pronouns, since there will always be some sort of reference, even when used mathematically
Or they are used together with nouns (or, more precisely, noun phrases), in which case the relations between the numeral and the noun phrase need explication Thus:
Один
The numeral один agrees in case, gender, and as appropriate number with the
accompanying noun phrase
один числівник one numeral
в одній хаті in one house
одним словом in a word
одні двері one door (with pluraha tantum nouns)
It should not be seen as any sort of indefinite article (though this may be suggested by translation, as in the last but one example, of the set phrases above), and indeed its absence is often quite enough to indicate 'one'
It also takes priority in compound numerals in that an accompanying noun phrase will 'agree with' it, for example
двадцять одна книжка twenty-one books
у ста п’ятдесяти одній країні in 151 countries
In the masculine singular the animate accusative has the form of the genitive:
Я бачу одного хлопця в автобусі. І can see one boy in the bus
