Тема 2. Прямая и косвенная речь.

Прямая речь – речь какого-нибудь лица, передаваемая без изменений, непосредственно так, как она была произнесена. Прямая речь может представлять собой повествовательное, вопросительное или повелительное предложение.

Косвенная речь передает слова говорящего дополнительным придаточным предложением. Личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются в зависимости от лица, от которого ведется повествование. Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места в придаточном предложении заменяются по смыслу предложения. Вопросы в косвенной речи переходят в придаточные предложения с прямым порядком слов, вопросительный знак в конце предложения заменяется точкой. Общие вопросы вводятся союзами if или whether. Специальные вопросы вводятся вопросительными словами. Краткий ответ на вопрос в косвенной речи вводится союзом that (без слов yes / no). Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи используются со словами to say, to tell, to order, to ask, а глагол в повелительном наклонении заменяется инфинитивом.

Например:

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

He said, "It is hot."– Он сказал: «Сейчас жарко». They told me, "We are here." – Они сказали: «Мы – здесь». I asked, "Do you learn English?"– Я спросил: «Ты изучаешь английский язык?» Tom asked: "Who is working there?"– Том спросил: «Кто там работает?» Ann said, "Yes, I do."– Анна сказала: «Да». He told me, "Open the door."– Он сказал мне: «Открой дверь». The teacher said, «Don’t read the text».– Учитель сказал: «Не читайте текст».

He said (that) it was hot. – Он сказал, что жарко. They told me that they were there. – Они сказали, что они здесь. I asked him if (whether) he learned English. – Я спросил, изучает ли он английский язык. Tom asked who was working there. – Том спросил, кто там работает. Ann said that she did. – Анна ответила утвердительно. He told me to open the door. – Он сказал мне открыть дверь. The teacher said not to read the text. – Учитель сказал не читать текст.

Упражнение 3. Переведите данные предложения в косвенную речь по модели и переведите их английский язык.

Пример:

Если завтра будет хорошая погода, мы поедем на дачу.

Он сказал, что, если завтра будет хорошая погода, они поедут на дачу. – He said that if the next day the weather was fine, they would go to the country.

1. Если ты придешь завтра, я приготовлю праздничный ужин.

2. Если в понедельник я закончу работу рано, мы сможем (be able to) пойти в кино.

3. Если перевод статьи будет закончен сегодня, мы сможем послать его главному менеджеру.

4. Если вы придете сюда завтра утром, вам помогут заполнить ваши анкеты.

5. Если летом мы поедем к морю, мы хорошо проведем там время.

Упражнение 4. Переведите данные предложения в косвенную речь.

1. Ann said, "This is my teacher."

2. Tom said, "We saw him yesterday."

3. Nick asked, "Are you writing a poem?"

4. We suggested, "Come round today."

5. They answered, "We shall come if we have time."

6. Andrew said, "I have never been in London."

7. Pete said, "I was in London in 2009."

8. Polly said, "I will do it tomorrow if you help me."

9. She said, "If you are in Moscow, come to see us."

10. He said, "Yes."

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужную форму и время. Прочтите, переведите и перескажите полученный текст. Напишите изложение по материалу, данному в упражнении. Выполните письменный литературный перевод материала на русский язык. В случае возникновения трудностей при переводе, воспользуйтесь «Переводчиком Google» в Интернете (http://translate.google.ru/).

Richard Nunn

"Just Joking Off"

Sign of the Times

A Mafia Godfather, accompanied by his attorney, (to walk) into a room to meet with his former accountant.

The Godfather (to ask) the accountant, "Where (to be) the 3 million bucks you (to embezzle) from me?" The accountant (not to answer).

The Godfather (to ask) again, "Where (to be) the 3 million bucks you (to embezzle) from me?"

The attorney (to interrupt), "Sir, the man (to be) a deaf mute and cannot understand you, but I (can) (to interpret) for you."

The Godfather (to say), "Well, (to ask) him where my damn money (to be)!"

The attorney, using sign language, (to ask) the accountant where the 3 million dollars (to be).

The accountant (to sign) back, "I (not to know) what you (to talk) about."

The attorney (to interpret) to the Godfather, "He (not to know) what you (to talk) about."

The Godfather (to pull) out a 9 millimeter pistol, (to put) it to the temple of the accountant, (to cock) the trigger and (to say), "(To ask) him again where my damn money (to be)!"

The attorney (to sign) to the accountant, "He (to want) to know where it (to be)!"

The accountant (to sign) back, "OK! OK! OK! The money (to be) hidden in a brown suitcase behind the shed in my backyard!"

The Godfather (to say), "Well....what he (to say)?"

The attorney (to interpret) to the Godfather, "He (to say)...(to go) to hell... … you (not to have) the guts to pull the trigger."

Упражнение 6. Преобразуйте прямую речь из упражнения 5 в косвенную, поставив глагол-сказуемое главного предложения в PastSimpleTense. Перескажите истории в прошедшем времени.

Упражнение 7. Расставьте вместо троеточий предлоги, где это необходимо. Прочтите, переведите и перескажите полученный текст. Проанализируйте формы глаголов, их время и залог в каждом предложении. Выполните письменный литературный перевод материала на русский язык. В случае возникновения трудностей при переводе, воспользуйтесь «Переводчиком Google» в Интернете (http://translate.google.ru/).

Источник:

LBC 97,3FM

London’s Biggest Conversation

Anti-Fracking Protesters Cleared By Police

Monday, 19th August 2013 14:29

Police have been forcibly clearing protesters from a road outside a potential site for fracking in Balcombe, West Sussex.

Activists are taking part … a six-day Reclaim. The Power demonstration after Cuadrilla began carrying out exploratory drilling … the site.

Hundreds … people have staged noisy protests in the face of a police presence … more than 400 officers.

Campaigners have submitted a formal complaint about the "violent" arrest … one protester, claiming he was detained … an officer without any identifying number.

Police said that 29 people had been arrested at Balcombe … public order offences, including Green Party MP Caroline Lucas.

They were held after Sussex Police served a notice under section 14 … the Public Order Act, believing the crowd might cause public disorder, serious damage … property or serious disruption to the life … the community.

Shouts of "shame on you" and "no violence" erupted … the crowd as police tried to move the protesters back to the main gate … the site.

Demonstrators chanted: "We are peaceful, what are you?"

The No Dash For Gas group said that the "excessive force" used on one man was caught on camera and is demanding the police officer be suspended.

It claims: "He was violently arrested, wrestled … the floor, his head pushed into the ground … an officer's hands and knees, whilst the officer in question was not wearing epaulettes … an ID number."

Sussex Police said it was looking into the video and that the officer's epaulette may have fallen or been pulled off.

Vanessa Vine, founder of Frack Free Sussex and Britain and Ireland Frack Free, said the police presence was disproportionately heavy and added that Reclaim The Power were "not nasty, violent people" but "altruistic people who are challenging what the Government is doing."

Earlier, Sussex Police said on Twitter: "We would like to reiterate that protesters aren't being kettled and are free to leave the site as they wish."

Cuadrilla condemned the "illegal direct actions" against its staff and operations.

Campaigners opposing the controversial process … extracting shale gas blockaded the firm's headquarters while others superglued themselves to the building occupied … a PR firm used … the energy company.

The action … Cuadrilla in Lichfield, Staffordshire, and … PR company Bell Pottinger … central London comes on the first of two days of "mass civil disobedience" which campaigners have pledged to carry out.

In a statement, Cuadrilla said: "Protesters broke into our Lichfield office, harassed our staff and chained themselves … filing cabinets."

"The police are on site dealing with this. We condemn all illegal direct actions against our people and operations."

The firm insisted that the morale … its staff at various sites is "fine", and they and the teams supporting the company are "doing a magnificent job."

"They know that what we are doing is legal, approved and safe, and that shale gas is essential to improve our energy security, heat our homes, and create jobs and growth," the firm said.

"Cuadrilla is rightly held accountable for complying with multiple planning and environmental permits and conditions, which we have met and will continue to meet."

"Clearly we are held to one set … legally enforceable standards while some protesters believe that they can set out and follow their own."

Campaign group No Dash For Gas said six protesters superglued themselves … the glass door … Bell Pottinger … 8a.m. and deployed reinforced arm tubes to stop anyone else getting inside.

Meanwhile, it said 20 protesters shut down the Cuadrilla site in Lichfield … blockading it … their bodies. It said two people inside the building had also hung banners from it saying: "Reclaim the power" and "Power to the people."

A group of around 20 protesters also demonstrated outside the constituency office of Balcombe MP and Cabinet Office minister Francis Maude.

Activists also targeted the home … former Tory minister and George Osborne's father-in-law Lord Howell, who drew criticism recently when he saidfracking should take place … England's "desolate" North.

The group erected an estate agent's sign outside the Peer's house reading 'For Shale – Desolate Properties Ltd'.

Упражнение 8. Расставьте вместо троеточий артикли, где это необходимо. Прочтите, переведите и перескажите полученный текст. Проанализируйте формы глаголов, их время и залог в каждом предложении. Выполните письменный литературный перевод материала на русский язык. В случае возникновения трудностей при переводе, воспользуйтесь «Переводчиком Google» в Интернете (http://translate.google.ru/).

Источник:

LBC 97,3FM

London’s Biggest Conversation

Men Get Bigger Bonuses As Gender Pay Gap Widens

Monday, 19th August 2013 15:05

Average bonuses for male managers were twice as much as those of their female counterparts last year, according to new research.

… Chartered Management Institute (CMI) said … gender pay gap was widening as … result of bonuses.

Last year male managers received average bonuses of £6,442, compared to £3,029 for females.

… CMI said that was on top of basic salaries almost 25% higher for men.

… study of 43,000 managers showed the difference in bonuses would equate to over £141,000 more for males, than females doing … same job over … course of … working lifetime.

According to … report, … pay gap is particularly large at senior levels, with female directors paid an average bonus of £36,270, compared to £63,700 for males.

Ann Francke, chief executive of … CMI, said: "Despite genuine efforts to get more women on to boards, it's disappointing to find that not only has progress stalled, but women are also losing ground at senior levels."

"Women are … majority of … workforce at entry level but still lose out on top positions and top pay. … time has come to tackle this situation more systemically."

"If organizations don't tap in to and develop their female talent right through to … highest levels, they will miss out on growth, employee engagement, and more ethical management cultures. And that's not good for business."

Mark Crail of salary specialists XpertHR, which helped with … research, added: "There is no good reason for men to still be earning more in bonuses than women when they are in very similar jobs."

"But it's often … case that men and women have different career paths, with 'male' roles more likely to attract bonuses."

He added: "While women are generally getting lower bonuses than men, especially at senior levels, they may be entering occupations where there is less of … culture of bonus payments."

"… question for employers is why that's … case."

Minister for Women and Equalities Maria Miller said, "These figures are yet another damaging example highlighting that, in … world of work, women still lose out to their male counterparts and that … playing field is far from equal."