Тема 9. Отрицательное предложение в прошедшем совершенном продолженном времени.

Построение

Чтобы избежать ошибок, давайте еще раз вспомним одно несложное правило: все отрицательные предложения в английском языке строятся по единой схеме, действующей для любого времени английского языка. Вот эта схема:

1. Подлежащее. Например, I / you.

2. Первая часть сказуемого (тот или иной служебный глагол + not). В данном случае 1-й частью сказуемого является глагол to have в прошедшем простом времени (Past Simple Tense), в форме had. Например, had not (hadn’t).

3. Вторая часть сказуемого – been + смысловой глагол с окончанием –ing (в форме Participle I). Например, been doing.

4. Все остальные члены предложения, исходя из общего правила порядка слов в английском предложении. Например, the work...

Еще пример:

She had not been working there for 2 years when I met her. – Она не работала там на протяжении 2 лет, когда я встретил ее.

Упражнение 15. Переведите данные предложения на английский язык.

1. Они не занимались переводами 2 года, когда мы предложили им работу.

2. Я не ездил в Англию уже несколько лет, когда Ник пригласил меня туда.

3. Я не выполнял такие работы уже 5 лет, когда вы дали мне тот проект.

4. Я не писала стихов уже давно, когда они предложили мне издать мою книгу.

5. Анна не работала в той компании уже несколько лет, когда мы встретились в прошлом году.

6. Секретарь не писал докладов уже 2 недели, когда я попросил его подготовить материал для конференции.

Упражнение 16. Переведите данные предложения на английский язык, поставив глаголы в нужное время.

1. Мы ждали вас 3 часа. Где вы были?

2. Когда мы вошли в комнату, Ник сказал, что работает над статьей уже 3 часа.

3. Вчера, когда ты пришел, я читала книгу.

4. Когда ты пришел вчера, я работала над статьей уже 3 часа.

5. Студенты обычно уезжали из города летом. Когда они возвращались, каждый из них рассказывал, как он провел каникулы.

6. Когда пришел ваш брат, мы смотрели фильм уже 3 часа?

7. Я готовилась к экзаменам целый день, когда пришла моя подруга и попросила дать ее словарь.

8. Я читал книгу, пока вы заканчивали работу.

9. Когда мы готовились к экзаменам, пришла моя подруга. Она сказала, что сдала экзамен по английскому и добавила, что она сдавала экзамен на протяжении 4-х часов.

10. Я сейчас смотрю телевизор.

11. Я никогда там не был.

12. К тому времени как они вернутся из университета, я выполню все домашнее задание. Потом мы вместе будем смотреть телевизор весь вечер.

13. Вчера с Кавказа вернулся Виктор. Он рассказал нам, что 3 месяца жил у моря и прекрасно отдохнул.

14. Если ты придешь ко мне завтра вечером, мы прекрасно проведем время. Я сделаю все свои дела, до того как ты придешь.

15. Он читал за столом какую-то книгу, когда его сестра вернулась домой.

16. К тому времени как она вернулась, мы переводили письма уже в течение нескольких часов.

Упражнение 17. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужную форму и время. Прочтите, переведите и перескажите полученный текст. Напишите изложение по материалу, данному в упражнении. Выполните письменный литературный перевод материала на русский язык. В случае возникновения трудностей при переводе, воспользуйтесь «Переводчиком Google» в Интернете (http://translate.google.ru/).

Jerome K. Jerome

A Great Painter and a Great Doctor

Joseph Turner (to be) a great English painter. He (to have) a dog which he (to love) very much. One day he was (to play) with his dog. The dog (to fall) and (to brake) his leg. Turner (to send) for a doctor. But he (not to want) to send for a vet. He (to send) for the best doctor in London.

When the doctor (to came) Turner (to say), "Doctor, I (to be) glad you (to come). My dog (brake) a leg. I (to know) that you (to be) too great for this work, but please, (to do) it. It (to be) so important to me."

The doctor (to be) angry but he (not to show) it.

Next day the doctor (to ask) Turner to come to his house. "The doctor (to want) to see me about my dog," Turner (to think).

When Turner (to get) to the doctor's house the doctor (to say), "Mr. Turner, I to be) glad to see you. I (to want) to ask you to paint my door. I (to know) that you (to be) too great for this work, but please, (to do) it. It (to be) so important to me."

For Those Who Like to Travel

One day a Paris newspaper (to give) an advertisement about a very cheap and pleasant way of travelling – for 25 centimes. Many people (to believe) it and (to send) the money.

A few days later each of them (to get) a letter. The letter (to read): "Sir, (to rest) in bed and (to remember) that the Earth (to turn). Paris (to stand) at the 49th parallel. At the 49th parallel you (to travel) more than 25,000 kilometers a, day. You (may) look out of the window and (to watch) the beautiful sky."

Упражнение 18. Преобразуйте прямую речь из упражнения 17 в косвенную, поставив глагол-сказуемое главного предложения в Past Simple Tense. Перескажите истории в прошедшем времени.

ОТВЕТЫ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ.

Упражнение 4.

1. We’ll do it tomorrow.

2. Will you have done it by the time Nick gets home?

3. I am learning English now. I’ll have an exam tomorrow.

4. By then we’ll have gone to the country if the weather is fine.

5. By the middle of the month we’ll have already passed the exams at the university.

6. Will he come to visit us at the beginning of the week, if he is in Moscow?

7. I have already prepared dinner, but my husband has not come yet. He is still working at the office.

8. I shan’t have been learning all these rules before the exam all the following week.

9. Tomorrow and the day after tomorrow we’ll be very busy, we’ll be writing a report for the conference.

10. Yesterday we visited a very interesting exhibition. There were many remarkable works of the great Russian artists. We stayed there for a few hours. Then we were walking around the city until the evening. When I came home, I immediately went to bed, because I was very tired.

11. There are many attractions, museums and beautiful streets in Moscow. I like this city. I've been living here since my childhood, for about 20 years. During this time Moscow has changed a lot.

12. I’ve just thought that I have not gone shopping and there is no food in the refrigerator. But if I go shopping right now and buy some food, by the time my husband gets back, I 'll have made supper.

13. Yesterday the weather was bad, and we spent the whole day at home. We were watching interesting movies on TV.

14. Don’t come to our country-house in July. We shan’t be there. We’ll have returned there only by the middle of August.

15. He said he had not translated the article. He explained to me that the translation had been very difficult.

16. We shan’t have been studying at this university for 5 years until we get a diploma.

Упражнение 9.

1. We have been waiting for you for 3 hours. Where have you been?

2. Were not they there yet when you came into the room?

3. I have never been in this country, but I’ve always wanted to go there. You have been talking about it for an hour though you were there only 2 days. I’ll certainly go there on vacation when I learn English.

4. By September, 5 we’ll have come back from the trip.

5. The students usually leave city in the summer. Although I have not been going anywhere for several years.

6. Have you been watching this movie for 3 hours?

7. I’ll be preparing for the exams all day long tomorrow. Try to come in the morning, before I start working.

8. I’ll have read a book until you finish your work.

9. Tomorrow, when we are preparing for the exams, my friend will come to our place. I hope that she will help us. She graduated from the University and has been working as a translator for 3 years, so she knows English grammar well.

10. Yesterday I had a day off. I was walking down the street and met a friend. We went into a cafe and talked about work and school. Then we were walking a few hours in the park, and then we went to the cinema. When we entered there, we realized that the film had already begun.

11. Have you already read the book I gave you last week? I’ve promised to give it to Nick when you return it to me.

12. I have never thought that by the time they return from the United States, where they’ve lived three years, they will have spoken English so bad. My girlfriend has lived in America only 2 years and she has been working as a translator for 1 year at an American company.

13. Yesterday I realized that I had forgotten to give back a book to my friend. When he was here, I didn’t remember about it. I realized that only when he had gone.

14. Come round tomorrow, we’ll be having a party. We'll be singing and dancing all night long.

15. Tell him that I’ll have left by the end of this week.

16. By the time she gets back here, we’ll have been translating these letters for several hours.

Упражнение 16.

1. We have been waiting for 3 hours. Where have you been?

2. When we entered the room, Nick said he had been working at an article for 3 hours.

3. Yesterday when you came, I was reading a book.

4. When you came yesterday, I had been working at an article for 3 hours.

5. The students usually left the city in the summer. When they returned, each of them told me how he had spent his vacation.

6. Had we been watching a movie for 3 hours, when your brother came?

7. I had been preparing for the exam for all day, when my friend came and asked for her dictionary.

8. I was reading a book when you were finishing the work.

9. When we were preparing for exams, my friend came. She said she had passed her English exam and added that she had been taking the exam for 4 hours.

10. Now I 'm watching TV.

11. I have never been there.

12. By the time they come back from the university, I'll have done all the homework. Then we’ll be watching TV all the evening.

13. Yesterday Victor returned from the Caucasus. He told us that he had been living for three months by the sea and had had a good rest.

14. If you come to see me tomorrow evening, we’ll have a good time. I'll have done all my work before you come.

15. He sat down at the table reading a book, when his sister came home.

16. By the time she came back, we had been translating the letter for several hours.

МОДУЛЬ 9. СИСТЕМА ВРЕМЕН АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА . ГРУППА ВРЕМЕН FUTURE IN THE PAST/