Тема 12. Ответы к упражнениям.

Упражнение 4.

1. We shall do it tomorrow, if you help us.

2. Won’t you be writing this article while Nick is on his business trip?

3. I’ll be learning German and preparing for the exam when he returns from work.

4. We’ll swimming and sunbathing from 9 till 11 am tomorrow if the weather is fine.

5. These students will be taking exams at the university on Wednesday from 8 am till 10 am.

6. Tomorrow at this time you'll be swimming in the sea.

7. I’ll have made dinner and cleaned the flat before my husband comes.

8. I’ll have learned all the rules before the exam.

9. Anna will come back tomorrow.

10. I have already learned all the rules.

11. They were last summer in the Caucasus.

12. By the time I finish working on the article, you’ll have come from the country.

13. Where have you rested this summer?

14. How many books did you read during the winter holidays?

15. Do you know Nick? He is a student at the Faculty of Economics of the University. He's 20 years old. He enrolled at the University last year. He is a sophomore now.

16. Yesterday the weather was bad. We decided not to go out of town and stayed at home. We'll go to the country next weekend.

17. I am doing a very difficult homework now. I think I'll have done it only by 10 p.m.

18. I think that by the time he comes, we’ll have considered everything.

19. It’ll be Saturday tomorrow. This week I have worked 5 days and I am very tired. Tomorrow I will go to my friend’s country-house. I think that when I come there, he will be cooking barbecue. He usually cooks very tasty meat. I like to go to his country-house. He has got a numerous and happy family. It is usually very interesting and funny there. We’ll rest and have a good time: we’ll swim, sunbathe, go for a walk to the forest. In the evening I’ll go home.

20. Come to see us on Sunday, if you don’t go to the country. We will be celebrating the birthday of our son.

21. Can you tell me what you 'll be doing tomorrow evening?

22. On Friday at this time we shan’t be working.

Упражнение 9.

1. We’ll have done the work by May, 10.

2. Are you writing an article?

3. I do not quite understand this grammar. Explain me these rules, please, if you know them well.

4. Tomorrow we’ll go to the country, if the weather is fine. The whole day we’ll swimming and sunbathing. In the evening we’ll return to the city.

5. In June we’ll already pass the exams at the university.

6. Will you come to see us if you are in our city? Come round! We’ll be very glad to see you.

7. I want to do it, before my husband comes.

8. Tomorrow I’ll be preparing for the exam.

9. By the middle of the month we’ll have returned to Moscow if we finish all the works on the new project.

10. The day before yesterday I did not go to the cinema. I stayed at home and decided to clean the flat and wash dishes. Then I cooked dinner. In the evening my wife returned from the University. She was very tired. We had supper and watched a very interesting film on TV. Then we went to bed. The next day we went to the country and spent all the weekend there.

11. Why are you doing such a difficult task? After all, you do not know the new grammar rules. Please read them. Then you’ll complete this task much better.

12. I thought he had already returned from the trip.

13. He said they had decided not to go out of town. He added that they had stayed in town and had had a good time.

14. Come to our country-house. By the middle of June our children will have already passed all the exams and we’ll be living there all the summer. We’ll only return to the city at the end of August.

15. Tell him what I 'm translating an article into English. I think I’ll have finished it by the end of the working day.

16. On Friday we’ll go to the country.

Упражнение 14.

1. Where was she staying yesterday from 5 till 7 pm? I did not see her in the office.

2. Were you writing an article when Nick came back from his trip?

3. I don’t write any articles, I am a translator.

4. We’ll have gone to the country by the time the weather is fine.

5. On the 10-th of July I’ll pass the exams at the university and we’ll leave the city.

6. Did you visit them when Mike arrived in Moscow?

7. I’ll be cooking dinner and cleaning the flat when my husband arrives.

8. We’ll have come back to town before they leave.

9. Tomorrow, when you return from your trip, we 'll have already left for Kiev.

10. 10. Yesterday I cleaned the apartment, today I have washed clothes.

11. 1We don’t usually translate such difficult articles, and now we're doing it.

12. 1I thought you had already done everything and had gone to the country.

13. 1Have you already gone to see a doctor?

14. 1Nick said that his friend had got sick.

15. 1Tell him that I’ll have been in the city by the end of August.

16. On Friday, when we were working at an article, our chief manager came into the office and asked us to take part at the meeting. It will be held at the end of next week. By this time I’ll have prepared a report on the work of our department. I've already written a part of the report. I'll be finishing it during next week. Then I’ll give it to the chief manager.

МОДУЛЬ 8. СИСТЕМА ВРЕМЕН АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА . ГРУППА ВРЕМЕН PERFECT CONTINUOUS

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Группа времен Perfect Continuous сочетает в себе 2 формы: форму Perfect, которая указывает на совершенность действия и форму Continuous, которая указывает на то, что действие продолжается. Это очень интересное и красивое время английского языка, но как же понимать такое неожиданное сочетание 2-х времен различных групп?

Рассмотрим это сочетание времен с позиции уже приобретенных ранее знаний. Времена группы Perfect указывают на то, что действие совершается до момента начала речи (к моменту начала речи) или до другого действия в будущем, настоящем или прошедшем времени. Например,

Будущее совершенное время (Future Perfect Tense)

Я сделаю работу к пятнице. – I shall haved one the work by Friday.

Настоящее совершенное время (Present Perfect Tense)

Я уже сделал работу. – I have already done the work.

Прошедшее совершенное время (Past Perfect Tense)

Я сделал работу к прошлой пятнице. – I had done the work by last Friday.

Времена группы Continuous указывают на то, что действие совершается в момент речи в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени. Например,

Будущее продолженное время (Future Continuous Tense)

Я буду делать работу с 3 до 5. – I shall be doing the work from 3 till 5.

Настоящее продолженное время (Present Continuous Tense)

Я делаю работу сейчас. – I am doing the work now.

Прошедшее продолженное время (Past Continuous Tense)

Я делал работу с 3 до 5 вчера. – I was doing the work from 3 till 5 yesterday.

Следовательно, сочетание временных групп Perfect и Continuous в группе времен Perfect Continuous означает, что действие, начавшееся до момента речи в будущем, настоящем или прошедшем времени, длилось, не прерываясь, до момента речи (или другого действия) в будущем, настоящем или прошедшем времени и продолжает длиться в момент речи в будущем, настоящем или прошедшем времени. Например,

Будущее совершенное продолженное время (Future Perfect Continuous Tense)

Я буду делать работу на протяжении 5 часов, когда он придет.– I shall have been doing the work for 5 hours when he comes.

Настоящее совершенное продолженное время (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

Я делаю работу на протяжении уже 5 лет. – I have been doing the work for 5 years.

Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

Я делал работу на протяжении 3 часов, когда вы пришли. – I had been doing the work for 3 hours when you came.

В предложениях с глаголами во временах группы Perfect Continuous очень часто присутствуют слова for – в течение (какого-то времени) или since – с (какого-то времени). Например,

Я делаю работу с 2005 года. – I have been doing the work since 2005.

Глагол-сказуемое в любом времени группы Perfect Continuous указывает на действие несовершенного вида. При необходимости, для благозвучия в русском предложении, по смыслу, можно добавить слово «уже» (это позволяет сделать форма Perfect). Например,

I have been working here for 3 hours. – Я работаю здесь уже 3 часа.

Примечательно и важно то, что глагол в форме Present Perfect Tense переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем, но глагол в форме Present Perfect Continuous Tense всегда переводится только настоящим временем. Например,

I have already worked today. – Я уже работал сегодня.

She has been working here for 3 hours. – Она работает здесь уже 3 часа.