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Is dis culture yours, cause it is not mine

Money culture who?

Money culture what?

Money culture thrives where luv is not,

Dem can buy an sell till dem gu to Hell

Dem can tax de wisher at de wishing well,

Now Frankenstein cum fe privatise

Empire fools, get penny wise.

Every government will tek what dem can get

Every government is quick to feget

Every government can mek money by killing

Every government luvs money, no kidding,

But money is paper an paper will burn

So tink about trees as yu earn,

It could do good but it does more bad

Money is fake and

You've been had.

benjamin zephaniah, City Psalms, 1992 (the author’s spelling is preserved)

The coin speaks.

Singers sing for coin: but I,

Struck in Rome's last agony,

Shut the lips of Melody.

Many years my thin white face

Peered in every market-place

At the Doomed Imperial Race.

Warmed against and worn between

Hearts uncleansed and hands unclean,

What is there I have not seen?

Not an Empire dazed and old,

Smitten blind and stricken cold,

Bartering her sons for gold;

Not the Plebs her rulers please

From the public treasuries

With the bread and circuses;

Not the hard-won fields restored,

At the egregious Senate's word,

To the savage and the sword;

Not the People's Godlike voice

As it welcomes or destroys

Month-old idols of its choice;

Not the legions they disband,

Not the oarless ships unmanned,

Not the ruin of the land,

These I know and understand

Kipling wrote this poem on the fly-leaf of Sir Charles Oman's copy of Puck of Pook's Hiil, and dated it 'June 1907'. Oman, the historian, was also a distinguished numismatist.

rudyaud kipling, 1907

The hardship of accounting.

Never ask of money spent

Where the spender thinks it went.

Nobody was ever meant

To remember or invent

What he did with every cent.

robert frost, as 'Money', Poetry, April 1936;

in A Further Range, 1936

The millionaire.

When you enquire of millionaires

Their candid personal impressions

Of an existence such as theirs,

They emphasize the woes, the cares,

Of those with great possessions;

They prove, with chapter and with verse,

That Money is a Perfect Curse.

But though with passion they maintain

(And seem to have no doubt about it)

That lucre is but dross, and vain,

This truth does not appear so plain

To those who are without it.

Wealth's a delusion, if you will,

But Poverty is trickier still!

With money, so they all profess

And I've no wish to beg the question

One cannot purchase Happiness

Or Peace of Mind, or yet Success,

Or a robust digestion;

But one can buy a good cigar

And plovers' eggs and caviare!

harry graham, The World's Workers, 1928

Part III.

Keys unit 1.

Pre-reading tasks:

  1. as a whole

    • увесь, який розглядається в цілому

  1. production and consumption

    • виробництво і споживання

  1. transformation of inputs into outputs

    • перетворення вкладених витрат (коштів) у кінцевий продукт

  1. item

    • вироб, одиниця товару

  1. human wants

    • людські потреби

  1. advertising

    • реклама

  1. to satisfy wants

    • задовольняти потреби

  1. purchasing

    • покупка, купівля

  1. at any one time

    • у визначений період часу, одночасно, одноразово, разом

  1. economic realities

    • економічні реалії

  1. goods and services

    • товари й послуги

  1. limited amount of resources

    • обмежена кількість ресурсів

  1. human resources

    • людські (трудові) ресурси

  1. in total

    • у цілому

  1. natural resources

    • природні ресурси

  1. manufactured resources

    • виробничі ресурси

  1. aggregate demand

    • спільний попит

  1. aggregate supply

    • спільна пропозиція

  1. spends and saves

    • витрати і заощадження (витрати і накопичення)

  1. has a lot to do with…

    • часто приходиться мати справу з...