Unit 12.

3.

1. spacecraft	космічний корабель
2. argue	сперечатися, обговорювати
3. vested interest	майнове право, монополія
4. endowment	внесок; наділ; дар; pl. здібності
5. persist	утримуватися, зберігатися
6. forgo	відмовлятися
7. self-sufficient	самодостатній
8. retain	підтримувати, зберігати
9. fallacious	хибний, помилковий
10. justify	виправдовувати
11. at the expense of	за чийсь рахунок
12. impose	нав’язувати, обкладати; оподатковувати
13. opportunity costs	загублені можливості, витрати невикористаних можливостей (які відображають кращі альтернативні можливості використання ресурсів)
14. promote	сприяти, стимулювати
15. preferential trading arrangements	привілейовані (преференційні) торговельні угоди
16. free trade area	зона вільної торгівлі
17. customs union	митний союз
18. common market	спільний ринок

Exercise 2.

1. trade; 2. buy; 3. sell; 4. restrictions; 5. preventing; 6. tariffs; 7. objective; 8. means; 9. nations; 10. protective tariffs; 11. attempt; 12. trading.

Exercise 3.

1. has been; 2. was viewed; 3. was producing; 4. had increased; 5. rose; 6. has exported; 7. were forcing; 8. had already agreed; 9. established; 10. was; 11. would limit; 12. joined; 13. has not all been; 14. has been; 15. is; 16.have been assembled; 17. embarked.

Exercise 4.

1. A country with an absolute advantage can produce a given product more efficiently than any other nation.

2. A country with comparative advantage can produce a given product more efficiently than any other product.

3. The main forms of international business activity are importing, exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, wholly owned facilities.

4. To protect their domestic industries countries use tariffs, quotas, subsidies and restrictive standards.

5. Without international trade countries would be much poorer.

6. Free trade area provides complete removal of tariffs, quotas and other restrictions for member countries.

7. Countries of the common market have common systems of laws, regulating production, taxation, employment, trade etc.

8. Doing business in another country may be extremely tricky.

9. Numerous problems appear from ignorance the culture of another country, national habits and traditions, language.

Keys to the texts for individual reading

Text 1.

Exercise 2.

To think over – to reflect; own – private; to manufacture – to produce; to use – to apply; vice versa – in contrast; investigation – research; to forecast – to predict; all-embracing – comprehensive; research – study; purpose – aim; possibility – contingency.

Text 2.

Exercise 2.

management; to identify; job; impetus;

motivation; effectiveness; environment; to coin.

Text 3.

Exercise 2.

1 – f; 2 – c; 3 – g; 4 – e; 5 – a; 6 – b; 7 – d.

Text 4.

Exercise 2.

1 – f; 2 – e; 3 – d; 4 – a; 5 – b; 6 – c.

Text 5.

Exercise 3.

Strengths

Weaknesses

Oppotrunities

Threats

Text 9.

Exercise 2.

To suggest – to propose; at the beginning – at the outset; pace – step; point of view – opinion; right – correct; work – job, labour; applicable – suitable; to choose – to select; to teach – to train; trade union members – shop floor; qualified workers – skilled; to use – to utilise; approximate method – rule of thumb; result – outcome; to fight – to combat; to restrict – to limit; experience – expertise; wage – earning; labour force – workforce; to cut off – to reduce; exploiter – slave driver.

Text 10.

Exercise 2.

1 – h; 2 – j; 3 – g; 4 – i; 5 – f; 6 – c; 7 – a; 8 – e; 9 – b; 10 – d.

References

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3. Furnham, A. The psychology of money. – London ; New-York : Routledge, 1998. – 332 p. – ISBN 0-415-14606-2.

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11. Аникин, А. В. Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам. – Санкт-Петербург : Изд-во «Экономическая школа», 1993. – 589 с.

12. Білодід, І. К. та ін. Російсько-український словник. – У 3-х томах. – Київ : Вид-во “Наукова думка”, 1970. – 2183 с.

13. Федоров, Б. Г. Англо-русский толковый словарь валютно-кредитных терминов. – Москва : Изд-во «Финансы и статистика», 1992. – 432 с.

Навчальне видання

Стельмах Наталія Олексіївна, ст.викладач,