Crackdown on “alcohol disorder zones”

will be imposed, troublemakers, to impose charges, the revenue, target, will stay away, to cut alcohol-related crime, to reduce, the opposite effect, to pay a levy, licensed premises

Police forces and local authorities are to be given powers ¹ … on pubs, nightclubs and other ² … in binge drinking trouble spots, writes Andrew Porter.

Charles Clarke, the home secretary, believes the new policy could help ³ … and disorder by10%.

He is proposing that areas blighted by disorder caused by drinking can be identified as "alcohol disorder zones" (ADZs), where licensed premises would have ⁴ … if they did not clean up their act. The Home Office estimates that up to 30 police forces are ready to declare ADZs. Under the plans the police will keep ⁵ … that is raised.

Licensed premises in trouble spots will be given 12 weeks ⁶ … alcohol-related crime significantly. If this ⁷ … is not met, the police will declare the area a "live" ADZ and levies – a minimum of £100 a week – ⁸ … .

Mark Hastings, of the British Beer and Pub Association, said yesterday: "Imposing alcohol disorder zones will have ⁹ … to what the government wants. People they want to attract to pubs and bars ¹⁰ … and the ¹¹ … are likely to carry on coming."

“The Sunday Times”

TRAIN AND CHECK YOURSELF

Exercise 1. Make up sentences.

1. And, security, taxes, are, state, benefits, spent, usually, social, particular, for.

2. Government, police, taxes, to, due, state medical healthcare, our, are, even, kept, army.

3. Holland, assets, Switzerland, in, as, 40%, about, makes, tax, up, countries, all, of, some, inheritance.

4. Such, individuals’, incomes, tax, income, interest, all, is, from, dividends, as, rent, of, wage, kinds, paid, and.

5. Used, for, communities, local, needs, by, taxes, usually, are, their.

6. Duties, to, have, too, not, pay, only, customs, manufacturers, individuals, sometimes, but.

7. Drinks, gambling, on, education, alcoholic, morality, the, money, spirit, high, duties, received, especially, children, of, in, should, on, of, excise, spent, be, from, tobacco.

8. Legally, try, to, is, riches, taxes, and, ignore, many, evade, but, prosecuted, it.

Outstanding economists.

Exercise 2. Choose the right tense.

1. Finn Kydland, a professor from UC Santa Barbara, has got/got/had been getting the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2004.

2. He had shared/had been sharing/shared $1.3 mln prize equally with his colleague Edward Prescot from Arizona State University.

3. The first research of Kydland and Prescot had been published/was published/had been publishing in1977.

4. It had found/found/had been finding that economic decision-makers shall commit/should commit/shall have committed to a specific long-term policy.

5. Also they stressed/had stressed/had been stressing that it is better not make short-term changes in times of economic troubles.

6. The first research is found/had been found/was found very influential because of its mathematical models.

7. In their second part of research they had studied/studied/had been studying the driving forces behind business cycles, and had published/published/has published it in 1982.

8. They refuted/had refuted/have refuted that business cycles are dependant on consumer demand.

9. The scientists proved/have proved/had proved that large changes in supply, dramatic events and technological innovations have more far reaching effects on the economy.

Exercise 3. Write in the correct verb form using the verb in brackets.

Lily ¹(start) her business recently. Two days ago she ²(buy) new commodity and at that moment she ³(display) it for sale. Suddenly a fragile vase ⁴(slip) out of her hands and ⁵(fall) before she ⁶(have) a chance to catch it. Of course it ⁷(break). And it ⁸(be) a very valuable, old Chinese vase. Its price ⁹(exceed) the price of any good in the shop. What ¹⁰(do)? She picked up the pieces and remembered that a very rich client ¹¹(order) such vase not long ago. He even ¹²(leave) his address. She quickly ¹³(pack) the pieces into the box, ¹⁴(put) customs declaration, price list and certificate of validity and ¹⁵(send) it to Mr.X. Before sending the parcel she ¹⁶(write) a message where she kindly ¹⁷(ask) to pay the check as soon as possible. Also she ¹⁸(congratulate) Mr.X. with the coming holiday and added that she ¹⁹(make) him a good discount. Can you imagine her disappointment when she ²⁰(get) the parcel back with many thanks and apologizes and her astonishment when she ²¹(unwrap) the paper and ²²(see) a beautiful intact vase!

Exercise 4. Comment on the sources of government revenue and public spending in the U.K.