- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Передмова
- •My Future Profession
- •My Future Profession
- •The Article.
- •The Noun: Plural Form, Possessive Case.
- •Unit 2 From the History of Marketing
- •It’s a battle of perceptions”
- •From the History of Marketing
- •The Adjectives. The Adverb.
- •Types of Questions.
- •It is an art of creating genuine customer value.”
- •Marketing
- •Marketing
- •The Present Indefinite Tense.
- •Classes of Pronouns (Personal Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns).
- •Module control 1 Units 1 -3
- •The Past Indefinite Tense.
- •Numerals.
- •Market Segmentation
- •Market Segmentation
- •The Future Indefinite Tense.
- •The use of tenses in the subordinate clauses of time and condition.
- •Marketing Principles
- •Marketing Principles
- •Indefinite Tenses: Passive Voice.
- •Classes of Pronouns (Indefinite Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Quantitative Pronouns).
- •Module control 2 Units 4 -6
- •1. Excess demand occurs …
- •Functions of Marketing
- •The Present Continuous Tense.
- •The Structure to be going to do smth.
- •Classes of Pronouns (Interrogative Pronouns, Negative Pronouns).
- •Marketing Mix: the Four p’s
- •Marketing Mix: the Four p’s
- •The Past Continuous Tense. The Future Continuous Tense.
- •Continuous Tenses: Passive Voice.
- •Exercise 15. Put the verbs in appropriate tenses: Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite, Present Continuous or Future Continuous:
- •Module control 3 Units 7 -8
- •Products and Brands
- •Products and Brands
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Unit 10
- •Branding
- •Branding
- •The Past Perfect Tense.
- •Module control 4 Units 9 -10
- •1. Iconic brand is …
- •Marketing Different Classes of Goods
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •2. We shall be doing it b) during the lunch.
- •Unit 12
- •Product and Pricing
- •Product and Pricing
- •Perfect Tenses – Passive Voice.
- •Module control 5 Units 11 -12
- •1. Convenience goods are…
- •Channels of Distribution
- •Perfect Continuous Tenses.
- •Unit 14 Forms of Trade
- •In economics, hope and faith coexist with
- •Forms of Trade
- •Sequence of Tenses.
- •Direct and Indirect Speech
- •12. Open the brackets and choose the correct form of the verb. Mind Sequence of Tenses:
- •13. Make one sentence from two sentences paying attention to Sequence of Tenses:
- •14. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •15. Change the following sentences from direct into indirect speech:
- •16. Rewrite each sentence in reported speech:
- •17. Make up sentences using the Sequence of Tenses:
- •18. Translate into English:
- •Module control 6 Units 13 -14
- •1. Trade (commerce) is …
- •18. Hypermarket is …
- •20. Multiple shop is ...
- •21. Supermarket is …
- •23. Voluntary group is …
- •Glossary a
- •Grammar references
- •The Article (Артикль)
- •The Plural of Nouns (Множина іменників)
- •The Possessive Case (Присвійний відмінок)
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Ступені порівняння прикметників)
- •Вживання
- •The Pronoun (Займенник)
- •Personal pronouns Особові займенники
- •Possessive pronouns Присвійні займенники
- •Reflexive pronouns Зворотні займенники
- •Indefinite pronouns Неозначені займенники
- •Demonstrative pronouns Вказівні займенники
- •Quantitative pronouns Кількісні займенники
- •Interrogative pronouns Питальні займенники
- •Negative pronouns Заперечні займенники
- •Reciprocal pronouns Взаємні займенники
- •Conjunctive pronouns Сполучні займенники
- •Defining pronouns Означальні займенники
- •The Numeral (Числівник)
- •Numbers in measurement Числівники у мірах
- •The Types of Questions
- •Question Words:
- •The Present Indefinite Tense Active Voice (Теперішній неозначений час) Активний стан
- •The Past Indefinite Tense Active Voice (Минулий неозначений час) Активний стан
- •The Future Indefinite Tense Active Voice (Майбутній неозначений час) Активний стан
- •The Use of the Tenses in the Subordinate Clauses of Time and Condition (Вживання підрядних речень часу та умови)
- •The Passive Voice (Пасивний стан)
- •The Present Indefinite Tense PassiveVoice (Теперішній неозначений час) Пасивний стан
- •The Past Indefinite Tense PassiveVoice (Минулий неозначений час) Пасивний стан
- •The FutureIndefinite Tense PassiveVoice (Майбутній неозначений час) Пасивний стан
- •Active Voice or Passive Voice
- •The Present Continuous Tense Active Voice (Теперішній тривалий час) Активний стан
- •The Structure to be going to do smth.
- •The Past Continuous Tense Active Voice (Минулий тривалий час) Активний стан
- •The Future Continuous Tense (Майбутній тривалий час)
- •Дієслова, що не вживаються у формі Continuous
- •The Present Continuous Tense Passive Voice (Теперішній тривалий час) Пасивний стан
- •The Past Continuous Tense Passive Voice (Минулий тривалий час) Пасивний стан
- •The Present Perfect Tense Active Voice (Теперішній завершений час) Активний стан
- •The Past Perfect Tense Active Voice
- •The Future Perfect Tense Active Voice
- •The Present Perfect Tense Passive Voice (Теперішній завершений час) Пасивний стан
- •The Past Perfect Tense Passive Voice
- •The Future Perfect Tense Passive Voice
- •The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час)
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Минулий перфектно-тривалий час)
- •The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Майбутній перфектно-тривалий час)
- •Sequence of Tenses (Узгодження часів)
- •I think that he will have problems.
- •Спостерігається такі випадки вживання цього правила:
- •Direct and Indirect Speech (Пряма та непряма мова)
- •In her last letter she wrote that she had successfully passed all her exams.
- •Supplementary reading
- •Types of Positions in Marketing
- •Motivation Marketing
- •The Centrality of Marketing
- •Marketing as an Organizational Philosophy
- •Marketing Exchanges
- •What is Marketing Research?
- •The decide Model
- •Targeting Market Segments
- •Positioning
- •Marketing Budget
- •Legal Aspects of Marketing
- •Marketing as a Societal Process
- •Marketing Strategies
- •Marketing Activities
- •Product Components
- •Quality
- •Building Brands
- •Brand Values Common Brand Values
- •Choosing a Brand Name
- •New Product Development 1
- •New Product Development 2
- •Brainstorming
- •The Importance of Price and Pricing Decisions
- •Competitive Pricing
- •Profitability
- •The Importance of Marketing Channels
- •Contribution of Intermediaries
- •Telemarketing
- •Personal Selling
- •Merchandising
- •Indefinite Tenses: Passive Voice.
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час)
Утворення: допоміжне дієслово to have в Present + been + дієприкметник теперішнього часу основного дієслова.
|
Стверджувальна форма: | |||||||
|
I |
have |
been |
working. | ||||
|
he/she/it |
has |
been |
working. | ||||
|
we/ you/they |
have |
been |
working. | ||||
|
Заперечна форма | |||||||
|
I |
have |
not |
been |
working. | |||
|
he/she/it |
has |
not |
been |
working. | |||
|
we/ you/they |
have |
not |
been |
working. | |||
|
Питальна форма | |||||||
|
Have |
I |
been |
working? | ||||
|
Has |
he/she/it |
been |
working? | ||||
|
Have |
we/you/they |
been |
working? | ||||
Вживання:
|
Дія |
Приклад |
|
дія почалася в минулому, триває до теперішньоо часу і відбувається в момент мовлення |
He has been working as a general director of this firm for ten years. |
|
без вказівки на тривалість дії |
I have been waiting for you near the office. |
|
на початок періоду, протягом якого відбувалася дія, виражена формою Present Perfect Continuous вказує слово since яке в реченні може вживатися як: |
1) прийменник – з (якого часу) She has been working as an interpretor at our firm since 2005. 2) прислівник – відтоді, з того часу She graduated from the University in 2005. She has been working as an interpretor since. 3) сполучник – з того часу як, відтоді What have you been doing since you graduated the University? |
|
в питальних реченнях з питальними словами since when з якого часу; how long як довго, скільки часу, якщо мова йде про період, що безпосередньо передує моменту мовлення |
Since when have you been working for the international company? |
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Минулий перфектно-тривалий час)
Утворення: допоміжне дієслово to have в Past+ been + дієприкметник теперішнього часу основного дієслова.
|
Стверджувальна форма: | |||||||
|
I |
had |
been |
writting. | ||||
|
he/she/it |
had |
been |
writting. | ||||
|
we/ you/they |
had |
been |
writting. | ||||
|
Заперечна форма | |||||||
|
I |
had |
not |
been |
writting. | |||
|
he/she/it |
had |
not |
been |
writting. | |||
|
we/ you/they |
had |
not |
been |
writting. | |||
|
Питальна форма | |||||||
|
Had |
I |
been |
writting? | ||||
|
Had |
he/she/it |
been |
writting? | ||||
|
Had |
we/you/they |
been |
writting? | ||||
Вживання:
|
Дія |
Приклад |
|
дія почалася в минулому, тривала до іншої минулої дії, тривала в той момент коли вона відбувалася |
The secretary explained that a lot of people had been waiting for the Vice President for the last twenty minutes. |
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Майбутній перфектно-тривалий час)
Утворення: допоміжне дієслово shall/will + have been + дієприкметник теперішнього часу основного дієслова.
|
Стверджувальна форма: | |||||||
|
I |
shall |
have been |
working. | ||||
|
he/she/it |
will |
have been |
working. | ||||
|
we |
shall |
have been |
working. | ||||
|
you/they |
will |
have been |
working. | ||||
|
Заперечна форма | |||||||
|
I |
shall |
not |
have been |
working. | |||
|
he/she/it |
will |
not |
have been |
working. | |||
|
we |
shall |
not |
have been |
working | |||
|
you/they |
will |
not |
have been |
working. | |||
|
Питальна форма | |||||||
|
Shall |
I |
have been |
working? | ||||
|
Will |
he/she/it |
have been |
working? | ||||
|
Shall |
we |
have been |
working? | ||||
|
Will |
you/they |
have been |
working? | ||||
Вживання:
|
Дія |
Приклад |
|
дія почнеться в майбутньому, триватиме до іншої майбутньої дії і триватиме в той момент, коли вона відбудеться |
I shall have been writing a letter before you come. |
Appendix № 22