- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Передмова
- •My Future Profession
- •My Future Profession
- •The Article.
- •The Noun: Plural Form, Possessive Case.
- •Unit 2 From the History of Marketing
- •It’s a battle of perceptions”
- •From the History of Marketing
- •The Adjectives. The Adverb.
- •Types of Questions.
- •It is an art of creating genuine customer value.”
- •Marketing
- •Marketing
- •The Present Indefinite Tense.
- •Classes of Pronouns (Personal Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns).
- •Module control 1 Units 1 -3
- •The Past Indefinite Tense.
- •Numerals.
- •Market Segmentation
- •Market Segmentation
- •The Future Indefinite Tense.
- •The use of tenses in the subordinate clauses of time and condition.
- •Marketing Principles
- •Marketing Principles
- •Indefinite Tenses: Passive Voice.
- •Classes of Pronouns (Indefinite Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Quantitative Pronouns).
- •Module control 2 Units 4 -6
- •1. Excess demand occurs …
- •Functions of Marketing
- •The Present Continuous Tense.
- •The Structure to be going to do smth.
- •Classes of Pronouns (Interrogative Pronouns, Negative Pronouns).
- •Marketing Mix: the Four p’s
- •Marketing Mix: the Four p’s
- •The Past Continuous Tense. The Future Continuous Tense.
- •Continuous Tenses: Passive Voice.
- •Exercise 15. Put the verbs in appropriate tenses: Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite, Present Continuous or Future Continuous:
- •Module control 3 Units 7 -8
- •Products and Brands
- •Products and Brands
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Unit 10
- •Branding
- •Branding
- •The Past Perfect Tense.
- •Module control 4 Units 9 -10
- •1. Iconic brand is …
- •Marketing Different Classes of Goods
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •2. We shall be doing it b) during the lunch.
- •Unit 12
- •Product and Pricing
- •Product and Pricing
- •Perfect Tenses – Passive Voice.
- •Module control 5 Units 11 -12
- •1. Convenience goods are…
- •Channels of Distribution
- •Perfect Continuous Tenses.
- •Unit 14 Forms of Trade
- •In economics, hope and faith coexist with
- •Forms of Trade
- •Sequence of Tenses.
- •Direct and Indirect Speech
- •12. Open the brackets and choose the correct form of the verb. Mind Sequence of Tenses:
- •13. Make one sentence from two sentences paying attention to Sequence of Tenses:
- •14. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •15. Change the following sentences from direct into indirect speech:
- •16. Rewrite each sentence in reported speech:
- •17. Make up sentences using the Sequence of Tenses:
- •18. Translate into English:
- •Module control 6 Units 13 -14
- •1. Trade (commerce) is …
- •18. Hypermarket is …
- •20. Multiple shop is ...
- •21. Supermarket is …
- •23. Voluntary group is …
- •Glossary a
- •Grammar references
- •The Article (Артикль)
- •The Plural of Nouns (Множина іменників)
- •The Possessive Case (Присвійний відмінок)
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Ступені порівняння прикметників)
- •Вживання
- •The Pronoun (Займенник)
- •Personal pronouns Особові займенники
- •Possessive pronouns Присвійні займенники
- •Reflexive pronouns Зворотні займенники
- •Indefinite pronouns Неозначені займенники
- •Demonstrative pronouns Вказівні займенники
- •Quantitative pronouns Кількісні займенники
- •Interrogative pronouns Питальні займенники
- •Negative pronouns Заперечні займенники
- •Reciprocal pronouns Взаємні займенники
- •Conjunctive pronouns Сполучні займенники
- •Defining pronouns Означальні займенники
- •The Numeral (Числівник)
- •Numbers in measurement Числівники у мірах
- •The Types of Questions
- •Question Words:
- •The Present Indefinite Tense Active Voice (Теперішній неозначений час) Активний стан
- •The Past Indefinite Tense Active Voice (Минулий неозначений час) Активний стан
- •The Future Indefinite Tense Active Voice (Майбутній неозначений час) Активний стан
- •The Use of the Tenses in the Subordinate Clauses of Time and Condition (Вживання підрядних речень часу та умови)
- •The Passive Voice (Пасивний стан)
- •The Present Indefinite Tense PassiveVoice (Теперішній неозначений час) Пасивний стан
- •The Past Indefinite Tense PassiveVoice (Минулий неозначений час) Пасивний стан
- •The FutureIndefinite Tense PassiveVoice (Майбутній неозначений час) Пасивний стан
- •Active Voice or Passive Voice
- •The Present Continuous Tense Active Voice (Теперішній тривалий час) Активний стан
- •The Structure to be going to do smth.
- •The Past Continuous Tense Active Voice (Минулий тривалий час) Активний стан
- •The Future Continuous Tense (Майбутній тривалий час)
- •Дієслова, що не вживаються у формі Continuous
- •The Present Continuous Tense Passive Voice (Теперішній тривалий час) Пасивний стан
- •The Past Continuous Tense Passive Voice (Минулий тривалий час) Пасивний стан
- •The Present Perfect Tense Active Voice (Теперішній завершений час) Активний стан
- •The Past Perfect Tense Active Voice
- •The Future Perfect Tense Active Voice
- •The Present Perfect Tense Passive Voice (Теперішній завершений час) Пасивний стан
- •The Past Perfect Tense Passive Voice
- •The Future Perfect Tense Passive Voice
- •The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час)
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Минулий перфектно-тривалий час)
- •The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Майбутній перфектно-тривалий час)
- •Sequence of Tenses (Узгодження часів)
- •I think that he will have problems.
- •Спостерігається такі випадки вживання цього правила:
- •Direct and Indirect Speech (Пряма та непряма мова)
- •In her last letter she wrote that she had successfully passed all her exams.
- •Supplementary reading
- •Types of Positions in Marketing
- •Motivation Marketing
- •The Centrality of Marketing
- •Marketing as an Organizational Philosophy
- •Marketing Exchanges
- •What is Marketing Research?
- •The decide Model
- •Targeting Market Segments
- •Positioning
- •Marketing Budget
- •Legal Aspects of Marketing
- •Marketing as a Societal Process
- •Marketing Strategies
- •Marketing Activities
- •Product Components
- •Quality
- •Building Brands
- •Brand Values Common Brand Values
- •Choosing a Brand Name
- •New Product Development 1
- •New Product Development 2
- •Brainstorming
- •The Importance of Price and Pricing Decisions
- •Competitive Pricing
- •Profitability
- •The Importance of Marketing Channels
- •Contribution of Intermediaries
- •Telemarketing
- •Personal Selling
- •Merchandising
- •Indefinite Tenses: Passive Voice.
The Past Perfect Tense.
Exercise 12. Make up six sentences from the table. Make each of them interrogative:
I |
had |
(not) |
posted the letter |
by 5 o’clock |
He |
received the cheque |
by that time | ||
She |
made the presentation |
before I left the office | ||
We |
finished to check the ledger |
| ||
You |
called to the sales manager |
| ||
They |
earned high profit |
|
Exercise 13. Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets:
1. Now she was glad she ….. his instructions away (was not throwing / did not throw / has not thrown / had not thrown). 2. Our business partners …. in the city three days before they informed us (were / has been / had been / were being). 3. I spent a lot of money on the equipment, we … and I chose cheaper company to buy (were buying / have bought / bought / had bought). 4. I was very much surprised when I heard he … so young person in the financial department (employed / was employing / has employed / had employed). 5. He found that he …. just … a lot of money on his return (has … left / had … left / have… left). 6. We … new prices when he arrived to discuss them (have not received / has not received / didn’t receive / hadn’t received). 7. I….. advertising materials by 8 o’clock (have prepared / prepared / has prepared / had prepared / was preparing).
Exercise 14. Change the following sentences into the Past Perfect Tense:
1. Last year out students won a gold medal for the third time. 2. We changed the overall strategy of our business timely. 3. He designed this new brand several years ago. 4. They spent a half of their saving on new sport equipment. 5. They used buildings and machinery effectively to produce final goods and services. 6. The previous summer we increased prices for our products for the first time.7. This fact forced us to make difficult choice the other day.
Exercise 15. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect:
1. Yesterday we (to discuss) the report of our marketers about the situation in the global market that we (to get) some days before. 2. When our manager (to say) about the new contract with wholesalers, I (to begin) to prepare the price list. 3. Representatives of our company and our business partners (to finish) discussion by 9 o’clock. 4. He (to tell us) many interesting things he (to hear) at the meeting. 5. Peter (to show) us his annual report that his manager (to prepare) for him. 6. Retailers (to inform) about their refusal by the time he (to come back) home. 7. The bank officer (to call) me before I (to leave) the office.
Exercise 16. Complete the sentences with the best form of the verb in brackets. Use one verb in the Past Indefinite and the other in the Past Perfect:
1. After she … (make) a few notes, she … (start) writing the introduction to the Annual Report. 2. Gary … (be sure) that he … (send) the fax before leaving the office. 3. Sales manager (say) he never (see) those people before. 4. Once I … (speak) to our partners from Germany, I … (realize) there had been a misunderstanding. 5. After Jill … (sign) her first contract with wholesalers, she … (feel) much less nervous. 6. Before Edit … (become) Michael Edward’s personal assistant she … (already work) in the company for two years. 7. I … (not see) the figures before the meeting, so I ... (feel) out of place at the discussion. 8. Sorry it took so long. I … (have to) go down to the store room because we … (run out of) paper for the photocopier. 9. The rain … (stop) by the time I … (get out of) the taxi. 10. I … (be) surprised to find that she … (already leave).
Exercise 17. Combine expressions putting them in correct tenses (Past – Indefinite, Continuous, or Perfect) to make a sentence:
Model: to make phone call – to ask to call. – I made a phone call which our general manager had asked me to make.
1. to look for a report – to delete the file with the report in the computer.
2. to look through the advertising materials – to prepare examples of corporate advertisement.
3. to introduce new product – to extend sales.
4. to analyze volume of discounts – to prepare after presentation.
5. to order new products – to make a delivery.
6. to organize a meeting – to sign contracts.
7. to get high interest – to open time deposit.
Exercise 18. Translate into English:
1. Секретар ще не здійснив електронний переказ грошей закордон. 2. Коли представник фірми виробника прийшов, ми саме чекали на нього. 3. Після того як ми пішли додому, я згадав, що забув повідомити бухгалтера про зміни у заробітній платі. 4. Вона була впевнена, що бачила цю корпоративну рекламу раніше, але не могла пригадати яке рекламне агентство її запропонувало. 5. Я відкрив депозит у банку, коли влаштувався на роботу в цей офіс. До цього я просто заробляв гроші. 6. Минулого тижня він їздив на ділову зустріч у фірму, де він провів 3 роки. 7. Торговці в роздріб подякували нам за те, що ми дали їм 5% скидку. 8. Вона сказала, що проаналізувала роботу всіх відділів нашої компанії. 9. Ми порівнювали якість товарів, які я придбав закордоном і в Україні. 10. Коли я звернувся у рекламне агентство, вони вже підписали контракт з іншим виробником.