Virtually Human

…But perhaps the most exciting prospect is that the Virtual Human may give us new and unexpected insights into the way our bodies work. When biologists program in some new observations about the pancreas, say, it might influence parts of the Virtual Human that no one had ever guessed would be affected, such as the lungs or the heart. The answers to mysterious medical problems could emerge every time the model is examined or altered, Easterly believes.

The Virtual Human could also be customized to isolate the effects that drugs have on different individuals, allowing researchers to investigate the influence of sex, age, racial background or any other factor, without the need for elaborate time-consuming and expensive clinical trials…

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Virtually Human

…With that technology in place, Easterly says it should eventually be possible to create a virtual version of every one of us, tailored to our individual genome medical history and other specifics.

But even the most ambitious modelers are steering clear of one important organ: the brain. “There is every possibility of modeling a human neuron, and perhaps a cluster of neurons,” explains Levin, “but modeling the human brain is outside the realm of our reality.” As long as they model the brain’s basic outputs – the autonomic nervous system and endocrine signals, for example – the researchers believe the body will still function normally…

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Virtually Human

…The Virtual Human promises to be a revolutionary tool. Once biologists get a taste of the advantages to working “in silico”, Easterly believes demand will escalate, continually improving the model and encouraging more researchers to use it. Eventually, he says, many scientists will wonder how they ever lived without the Virtual Human.

Perhaps it’s for the best that the Virtual Human will be devoid of brain power. As it vomits up new antibiotics, takes a hail of bullets in the chest, and develops a particularly nasty skin cancer, it can do without the added burden of realizing what a rotten day it’s having.

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New realities?

A hundred years is a suspiciously round number. But if researchers at CERN, the European particle-physics laboratory near Geneva, turn out to be correct, it is exactly the period needed to build a model of how the universe works. Construction began in 1900 with Max Planck’s publication of the first incarnation of quantum theory. Since then, and particularly with the development of high-energy particle accelerators in the 1930^s and 1940^s, the structure of matter has been probed in greater and greater detail while theorists have sought to impose order on what has been discovered…

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New realities?

…The result of their labors, now known as the standard model, will be complete – bar the odd dotting of “i”s and crossing of “t”s – with the discovery of a particle called the Higgs boson. This would round off the 18-strong menagerie of fundamental, irreducible particles required by the model. (The 17^th, known as the tau neutrino, was announced two months ago by researchers at CERN’s American rival, Fermilab.) And over the past few weeks indications have emerged from CERN that the Higgs is indeed a reality…

Варіант вибирається за останньою цифрою залікової книжки.

№ варіанта	№№ питань
1	1, 11, 21
2	2, 12, 22
3	3, 13, 23
4	4, 14, 24
5	5, 15, 25
6	6, 16, 26
7	7, 17, 27
8	8, 18, 28
9	9, 19, 29
10	10, 20, 30