Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za svetové války II
.pdf
KUGLQĪVHVWiYDMtFt]HGYRXVWUDåQďXWDKDQìFKGDPNWHUpRGHY]GDO\
GiUHN SDWĢtFt HåDORQX WRWLç GYDFHW NUDELĀHN YRěDYìFK SDVWLOHN GR
~VW UHNODP\ WR MHGQp SHåWVNp WRYiUQ\ QD FXNURYLQN\ .UDELĀN\
~VWQtFKYRěDYìFKSDVWLOHNE\O\SďNQďSURYHGHQ\]SOHFKXQDYtĀNX
E\O QDPDORYiQ XKHUVNì KRQYpG NWHUì WLVNQH UXNX UDNRXVNpPX
ODQGåWXUPiNRYLDQDGQLPL]iĢtNRUXQDVYDWRåWďSiQVNi.ROHPE\O
QďPHFNìDPDĊDUVNìQiSLVÅ)U.DLVHU*RWWXQG9DWHUODQG´
7RYiUQDQDFXNURYLQN\E\ODWDNORDMiOQtçHGDODSĢHGQRVWFtVDĢL
SĢHGSiQHPERKHP
.DçGiNUDELĀNDREVDKRYDODRVPGHViWSDVWLOHNWDNçHDVL FHONHP
SĢLEOLçQď SďW SDVWLOHN SĢLåOR QD WĢL PXçH .URPď WRKR SĢLQHVO\
XVWDUDQp XWDKDQp GiP\ YHOLNì EDOtN Y\WLåWďQìFK GYRX PRGOLWHE
VHSVDQìFK EXGDSHåWVNìP DUFLELVNXSHP *p]RX ]H 6]DWPiU%XGDIDOX %\O\ QďPHFNR-PDĊDUVNp D REVDKRYDO\ QHMVWUDåQďMåt
SURNOHWtYåHFKQHSĢiWHO3ViQ\E\O\W\WRPRGOLWELĀN\WDNYiåQLYďçH
WDP MHQRP QD NRQFL VFKi]HOR Ģt]Qp PDĊDUVNp Å%DV]RP D
.ULV]WXVPiUMiW´
'OHFWLKRGQpKRDUFLELVNXSDPďOGREURWLYìEĪK5XV\$QJOLĀDQ\
6UE\ )UDQFRX]H -DSRQFH UR]VHNDW QD QXGOH D QD SDSULNDJXOiå
'REURWLYì EĪK PďO VH NRXSDW Y NUYL QHSĢiWHO D SRPRUGRYDW WR
YåHFKQRMDNRWRXGďODOVXURYHF+HURGHVVPOiĊiWN\
'ĪVWRMQìDUFLELVNXSEXGDSHåWVNìSRXçLOYHVYìFKPRGOLWELĀNiFK
QDSĢtNODGWDNRYìFKSďNQìFKYďWÅ%ĪKçHKQHMYDåLPERGiNĪPDE\
KOXERNRYQLNO\GREĢLFKD YDåLFKQHSĢiWHO1HFKĨQHMYìåVSUDYHGOLYì
+RVSRGLQ ĢtGt GďORVWĢHOHFNì RKHě QDG KODY\ QHSĢiWHOVNìFK åWiEĪ
0LORVUGQì EĪK GHMç DE\VH YåLFKQLQHSĢiWHOp ]DONOL YH VYp YODVWQt
NUYL]UDQNWHUpY\MLPQDQHVHWH´
3URWR MH WĢHED MHåWď MHGQRX RSDNRYDW çH N WďPWRPRGOLWELĀNiP
QDNRQHFQLFMLQpKRQHVFKi]HORQHçWRÅ%DV]RPD.ULV]WXVPiUMiW´
.G\ç WR YåHFKQR REď GiP\ RGHY]GDO\ SURMHYLO\ KHMWPDQRYL
6iJQHURYL ]RXIDOp SĢiQt ]GDOL E\ QHPRKO\ EìW SĢtWRPQ\ SĢL
UR]GiYiQtGiUNĪ-HGQDGRNRQFHPďODWDNRYRXRGYDKX]PtQLWVHçH
E\SĢLWpSĢtOHçLWRVWLPRKODSURPOXYLWNYRMtQĪPNWHUpMLQDN
QHQD]ìYDODQHçOLÅXQVHUHEUDYHQ)HOGJUDXHQ´
— 71 —
—71—
2EďWYiĢLO\VHVWUDåQďXUDçHQďNG\çKHMWPDQ6iJQHU]DPtWOMHMLFK
çiGRVW 3UR]DWtP W\WR PLORGDU\ SXWRYDO\ GR YDJyQX NGH E\OR
VNODGLåWď &WLKRGQp GiP\ SURåO\ ĢDGRX YRMiNĪ D MHGQD ] QLFK
QHRSRPHQXODSĢLWpSĢtOHçLWRVWLSRSOHVNDWLMHGQRKR]DURVWOpKRYRMiND
SR WYiĢL %\O WR QďMDNì äLPHN ] %XGďMRYLFNWHUì QH]QDMH QLĀHKRR
WRPY]QHåHQpPSRVOiQtWďFKGDPSURKRGLON VYìPVRXGUXKĪPSR
RGFKRGX GiP Å-VRX DOH WDG\ W\ NXUY\ GU]ì .G\E\ DVSRě WDNRYi
YRSLFHY\SDGDODNVYďWXDOHMHWRMDNRĀiSĀORYďNQLFMLQpKRQHYLGt
QHçW\KDNVQ\DY\SDGiWRMDNRERçtXPXĀHQtDMHåWďVLWDNRYiVWDUi
UDåSOHFKFHQďFR]DĀtQDWVYRMiN\´
1DQiGUDçtE\ORYHOLFHçLYR8GiORVWV,WDO\]SĪVRELOD]GHMLVWRX
SDQLNX SRQďYDGç E\O\ ]DGUçHQ\ GYD HåDORQ\ V GďORVWĢHOHFWYHP D
SRVOiQ\GR äWìUVND %\O ]GH Wpç HåDORQ %RVěiNĪ NWHUì WX ĀHNDO MLç
GYD GQ\ ] QďMDNìFK QH]QiPìFK SĢtĀLQ D E\O ~SOQď ]DSRPHQXW D
]WUDFHQ%RVěiFLMLçGYDGQLQHIDVRYDOLPLQiçDFKRGLOLçHEUDWFKOHED
SR1RYp3HåWL7DNpQHE\OR QLF MLQpKRVO\åHWQHçOL UR]ĀLOHQì KRYRU
]WUDFHQìFK%RVěiNĪçLYď JHVWLNXOXMtFtFK NWHĢt Y\UiçHOL QHXVWiOH]H
VHEHÅ-HEHPWLERJD– MHEHPWLGXåXMHEHPWLPDMNX´
3RWRP SRFKRGRYì SUDSRU MHGQDGHYDGHViWìFK E\O RSďW VHKQiQ
GRKURPDG\DQDVWRXSLOPtVWRYHVYìFKYDJyQHFK=DFKYLONX YåDN
EDWDOLyQQt RUGRQDQF 0DWXåLĀ YUiWLO VH ] QiGUDçQtKR YHOLWHOVWYt VH
]SUiYRXçHVHSRMHGHDç]DWĢLKRGLQ\3URWRRSďWVYRODQpPXçVWYR
E\OR SXåWďQR ] YDJyQĪ 7ďVQď SĢHG RGMH]GHP YODNX YVWRXSLO GR
åWiEQtKR YDJyQX YHOLFH UR]ĀLOHQď SRUXĀtN 'XE D çiGDO KHMWPDQD
6iJQHUD DE\ GDO QHSURGOHQď äYHMND ]DYĢtW 3RUXĀtN 'XE VWDUì
]QiPì GHQXQFLDQW QD VYpP SĪVRELåWL MDNR J\PQD]LiOQt SURIHVRU
GiYDO VH UiG GR UR]KRYRUX V YRMiN\ SĢLĀHPç SiWUDO SR MHMLFK
SĢHVYďGĀHQtD]iURYHěDE\MHPRKOSRXĀLWLDY\VYďWOLWLSURĀERMXMt
]DĀERMXMt
1D VYp REFKĪ]FH YLGďO Y]DGX ]D QiGUDçQt EXGRYRX VWiW X
OXFHUQ\ äYHMND NWHUì VH ]iMPHP VL SURKOtçHO SODNiW QďMDNp
GREURĀLQQpYRMHQVNpORWHULH7HQSODNiW]Qi]RUěRYDOMDNUDNRXVNì
YRMiNSĢLSLFKXMHY\MHYHQpKRYRXVDWpKRNR]iNDNH]GL
3RUXĀtN'XESRNOHSDOäYHMNRYLQDUDPHQRDRWi]DOVHMDNVH PX
— 72 —
—72—
WROtEt
Å3RVOXåQď KOiVtP SDQH ODMWQDQW´ RGSRYďGďO äYHMN ÅçH MH WR
EOERVW 8ç MVHP YLGďO KRGQď SLWRPHMFK SODNiWĪ DOH WDNRYRX
KRYDGLQXVHPMHåWďQHYLGďO´
Å&RSDNVHYiPQDWRPQHOtEt"´RSWDOVHSRUXĀtN'XE
Å0Qď VH SDQH ODMWQDQW QD WRPSODNiWX QHOtEt WRMDN WHQ YRMiN
]DFKi]tVH VYďĢHQHMPD]EUDQďPD G\ĨYRQPĪçHWHQEDMRQHW]ORPLW
YR ]HĊ D SRWRP MH WR YĪEHF ]E\WHĀQì E\O E\ ]D WR WUHVWDQHM
SRQďYDGçWHQ5XVPi UXFHQDKRĢHDY]GiYiVH2Q MH ]DMDWHM D VH
]DMDWFLVH PXVt VOXåQď ]DFKi]HW SRQďYDGç MH WRPDUQìDOH MVRXWR
WDN\OLGL´
3RUXĀtN'XESiWUDOWHG\GiOHSRäYHMNRYď VPìåOHQtDRSWDOVHKR
Å9iPMHWHG\WRKR5XVDOtWRçHDQR"´
Å0Qď MH OtWR SDQH ODMWQDQW YRERX L WRKR 5XVD SURWRçH MH
SURStFKQXWHMLWRKRYRMiNDSURWRçHE\E\O]DWR]DYĢHQHM'\ĨYRQ
SDQHODMWQDQWPXVHOWHQ EDMRQHWSĢLWRP ]ORPLWWRMHPDUQìG\Ĩ WR
Y\SDGiMDNRNDPHQQi]HĊNDPWRYUiçtDYRFHOMHNĢHKNi7RMVPH
YiP MHGQRX SDQH ODMWQDQW MHåWď GR YRMQ\ Y DNWLYQt VOXçEď PďOL
MHGQRKRSDQDODMWQDQWDXNXPSDQLH$QLVWDUHM]XSiNQHGRYHGVHWDN
Y\MDGĢRYDW MDNR WHQ SDQ ODMWQDQW 1D FYLĀLåWL QiP ĢtNDO Ä.G\ç MH
KDEDFKW WDN PXVtå Y\YDORYDW YRĀL MDNR NG\ç NRFRXU VHUH GR
ĢH]DQN\¶ $OH MLQDN E\O PRF KRGQHM ĀORYďN -HGQRX QD -HçtåND VH
]EOi]QLONRXSLOSURNXPSDQLLFHOHMYĪ]NRNRVRYHMFKYRĢHFKĪDYRG
WìGRE\YtPMDNVRXEDMRQHW\NĢHKNì3ĪONXPSDQLH]OiPDORVLYRW\
YRĢHFK\EDMRQHW\DQiå REUVWODMWQDQW GDO FHORX NXPSDQLL]DYĢtWWĢL
PďVtFHMVPHQHVPďOL]NDViUHQSDQODMWQDQWPďOGRPiFtYď]HQt«´
3RUXĀtN 'XE SRGtYDO VH UR]]OREHQď GR EH]VWDURVWQpKR REOLĀHMH
GREUpKRYRMiNDäYHMNDDRWi]DOVHKR]ORVWQďÅ=QiWHPQH"´
Å=QiPYiVSDQHODMWQDQW´
3RUXĀtN'XE]DNRXOHORĀLPDD]DGXSDOÅ-iYiPSRYtGiPçHPď
MHåWďQH]QiWH´
äYHMN RGSRYďGďO RSďW V WtP EH]VWDURVWQìP NOLGHP MDNR NG\ç
KOiVt UDSRUW Å=QiP YiV SDQH ODMWQDQW MVWH SRVOXåQď KOiVtP RG
QDåHKRPDUåEDWDOLyQX´
— 73 —
—73—
Å9\ Pď MHåWď QH]QiWH´ NĢLĀHO SR]QRYX SRUXĀtN 'XE ÅY\ PQH
]QiWH PRçQi ] Wp GREUp VWUiQN\ DOH Dç PQH SR]QiWH ] Wp åSDWQp
VWUiQN\-i MVHP ]Oì QHP\VOHWH VL Mi NDçGpKR SĢLQXWtP Dç NSOiĀL
7DN]QiWHPQHQHERPQHQH]QiWH"´
Å=QiPSDQHODMWQDQW´
Å-i YiP QDSRVOHG ĢtNiP çH PQHQH]QiWH Y\RVOH 0iWH QďMDNp
EUDWU\"´
Å3RVOXåQďKOiVtPSDQHODMWQDQWçHPiPMHGQRKR´
3RUXĀtN 'XE UR]Y]WHNOLO VH SĢL SRKOHGX QD äYHMNĪY NOLGQì
EH]VWDURVWQìREOLĀHMDQHRYOiGDMHVHYtFH]YRODOÅ7RWDNpEXGHWHQ
YiåEUDWUWDNRYpKRYDGRMDNRMVWHY\ÿtPSDNE\O"´
Å3URIHVRUHPSDQHODMWQDQW7DN\E\OQDYRMQďDVORçLORILFtUVNRX
]NRXåNX´
3RUXĀtN'XESRGtYDOVHQDäYHMNDMDNRE\KRFKWďOSURERGQRXW
äYHMNVQHVOVGĪVWRMQRX UR]YDKRX]OìSRKOHGSRUXĀtND'XEDWDNçH
SUR]DWtP FHOi UR]POXYD PH]L QtP D SRUXĀtNHP VNRQĀLOD VORYHP
Å$EWUHWHQ´
.DçGìåHOWHG\VYRXFHVWRXDNDçGìVLP\VOHOVYRMH
3RUXĀtN'XEVLP\VOLORäYHMNRYLçHĢHNQHSDQXKHMWPDQRYLDE\
KRGDO]DYĢtWDäYHMNVLRSďW P\VOHO çH YLGďO MLç PQRKR SLWRPìFK
GĪVWRMQtNĪ DOH WDNRYìMDNR MH SRUXĀtN 'XE MHSĢHFH X UHJLPHQWX
Y]iFQRVWt
3RUXĀtN'XE NWHUì]HMPpQDGQHVVLXPtQLOçHPXVtY\FKRYiYDW
YRMiN\ QDåHO VL ]D QiGUDçtP QRYRX REďĨ %\OL WR GYD YRMiFL RG
SOXNXDOHRGMLQpURW\NWHĢtWDPVPORXYDOLYHWPďOiPDQRX
QďPĀLQRX V GYďPD SREďKOLFHPL NWHUìFK VH SRWORXNDO\ FHOp WXFW\
NROHPQiGUDçt
9]GDOXMtFtVH äYHMNVO\åHOMHåWď]FHOD ]ĢHWHOQďRVWUìKODVSRUXĀtND
'XEDÅ=QiWHPQH"«$OHMiYiPĢtNiPçHPQHQH]QiWH«$OHDç
PQHSR]QiWH« 9\PQH]QiWH WĢHEDV]Wp GREUpVWUiQN\«-iYiP
ĢtNiPDç PQHSR]QiWH]WpåSDWQpVWUiQN\«-iYiVSĢLQXWtP DçN
SOiĀL RVORYp« 0iWH QďMDNp EUDWU\"« 7R EXGRX WDNp WDNRYi
KRYDGD MDNR MVWH Y\« ÿtP E\OL"« 8 WUpQX"« 1X GREĢH«
3DPDWXMWHçHMVWHYRMiFL«-VWHÿHåL"«9tWHçHĢHNO3DODFNìçH
— 74 —
—74—
NG\E\ QHE\OR 5DNRXVND çH E\FKRP KR PXVLOL Y\WYRĢLW«
$EWUHWHQ«´
2EFKĪ]ND SRUXĀtND 'XED QHPďOD YåDN FHONHP SR]LWLYQtKR
YìVOHGNX =DVWDYLO MHåWď DVL WĢL VNXSLQ\ YRMiNĪ D MHKR YìFKRYQi
VQDKDÅSĢLQXWLWDçNSOiĀL´~SOQď]WURVNRWDOD%\OWRWDNRYìPDWHULiO
NWHUìE\O RGYiçHQ GRSROH çH ] RĀt NDçGpKR MHGQRWOLYFH Y\FLĨRYDO
SRUXĀtN'XEçHVLYåLFKQLRQďPP\VOtQďFRMLVWďYHOLFH
QHSĢtMHPQpKR%\OXUDçHQYHVYpSìåHDYìVOHGHNWRKRE\OçHSĢHG
RGMH]GHPYODNXçiGDOYHåWiEQtPYDJyQďKHMWPDQD6iJQHUDDE\E\O
äYHMN ]DYĢHQ 0OXYLO SĢLWRPRGĪYRGěXMHQXWQRVW L]RODFH GREUpKR
YRMiNDäYHMNDRSUDSRGLYQpPGU]pPY\VWXSRYiQtSĢLĀHPçQD]YDO
XSĢtPQp RGSRYďGL äYHMNRY\ QD VYRX SRVOHGQt RWi]NX Mt]OLYìPL
SR]QiPNDPL .G\E\ WR WDNKOH åOR GiO ]WUiFt GĪVWRMQLFNì VERU Y
RĀtFK PXçVWYD YHåNHURX YiçQRVW R ĀHPç MLVWď ] SiQĪ GĪVWRMQtNĪ
QLNGRQHSRFK\EXMH2QViPMHåWďSĢHGYiONRXPOXYLORWRPVSDQHP
RNUHVQtP KHMWPDQHP çH NDçGì QDGĢt]HQì PXVt KOHGďW YĪĀL VYìP
SRGĢt]HQìP]DFKRYDWLMLVWRXDXWRULWX3DQRNUHVQtKHMWPDQE\OWDNp
WpKRçPtQďQt=HMPpQDWHĊQDYRMQďĀtPYtFHSĢLEOLçXMHVHĀORYďNN
QHSĢtWHOLMHWĢHEDXGUçHWLMDNRXVLKUĪ]XQDGYRMiN\3URWRWHG\çiGi
DE\E\OäYHMNGLVFLSOLQiUQďSRWUHVWiQ
+HMWPDQ6iJQHU NWHUìMDNRDNWLYQtGĪVWRMQtNQHQiYLGďOYåHFKQ\
W\ UH]HUYQt GĪVWRMQtN\ RG UĪ]QìFK EUDQçt ] FLYLOX XSR]RUQLO
SRUXĀtND'XEDçHSRGREQiR]QiPHQtPRKRXVHGtWLMHGLQďYHIRUPď
UDSRUWX D QH WDNRYìP ]YOiåWQtP KRN\QiĢVNìP ]SĪVREHP MDNR
NG\çVHVPORXYiQDFHQď EUDPERU3RNXGVHWìNiVDPRWQpKRäYHMND
SUYQtLQVWDQFtMHMtçSUDYRPRFLäYHMNSRGOpKiçHMHSDQQDGSRUXĀtN
/XNiå 7DNRYi YďF VH GďOi ĀLVWď SR UDSRUWX 2G NXPSDQLH çH MGH
WDNRYiYďF N EDWDOLyQXD WR MH VQDG SDQX SRUXĀtNRYL ]QiPR-HVWOL
äYHMN QďFR SURYHGO WDN SĢLMGH SĢHG NXPSDQLHUDSRUW D NG\ç VH
RGYROiNEDWDOLRQVUDSRUWX-HVWOLVLYåDNSDQQDGSRUXĀtN/XNiåSĢHMH
D SRYDçXMH-OL Y\SUDYRYiQt SDQD SRUXĀtND 'XED ]D RILFLHOQt
R]QiPHQtNX SRWUHVWiQtçHQLĀHKRSURWLWRPXQHPiDE\E\OäYHMN
SĢHGYHGHQDY\VOHFKQXW
1DGSRUXĀtN /XNiå QLĀHKR SURWL WRPX QHQDPtWDO MHGLQď
— 75 —
—75—
SR]QDPHQDO çH ] Y\SUDYRYiQt äYHMNRYD Yt ViP YHOLFH GREĢH çH
EUDWUäYHMNĪYE\OVNXWHĀQďSURIHVRUHPDUH]HUYQtPGĪVWRMQtNHP
3RUXĀtN'XEVH]DNROtVDODĢHNOçHRQçiGDO]DSRWUHVWiQtMHGLQďY
åLUåtPVP\VOXDçHPĪçHEìWçHGRW\ĀQìäYHMNVHQHGRYHGHY\MiGĢLW
D WDN çH MHKR RGSRYďGL ĀLQt GRMHP GU]RVWL Mt]OLYRVWL D QH~FW\ N
SĢHGVWDYHQìP.URPďWRKRçH]FHOpKRY]H]ĢHQtGRW\ĀQpKRäYHMNDMH
YLGďWçHMHPGOpKRUR]XPX
7tP YODVWQď SĢHåOD FHOi ERXĢND SĢHV KODYX äYHMND DQLç E\ E\O
KURPXKRGLO
9H YDJyQX NGH E\OD NDQFHOiĢ D VNODGLåWď EDWDOLyQX ~ĀHWQt
åLNRYDWHO SRFKRGRYpKR SUDSRUX %DXWDQ]HO YHOPL EODKRVNORQQď
UR]GDO GYďPD StVDĢĪP RG EDWDOLyQXSR KUVWL ~VWQtFK SRNURXWHN ]
WďFKNUDELĀHNNWHUpVHPďO\UR]GDWPH]LEDWDOLyQ7RE\ORREY\NOìP
]MHYHPçHYåHFKQRFR E\OR XUĀHQR SUR PXçVWYR PXVHOR SURGďODW
VWHMQďPDQLSXODFLYEDWDOLyQQtNDQFHOiĢLMDNRQHåĨDVWQpSRNURXWN\
7R E\OR YåXGH QďFR WDN REY\NOpKR YHYiOFH çH NG\ç QďNGH VH
VKOHGDOR SĢL LQVSHNFL çH VH QHNUDGH E\O SĢHFH MHQ NDçGì ] WďFK
~ĀHWQtFKåLNRYDWHOĪYH YåHFKPRçQìFKNDQFHOiĢtFKY SRGH]ĢHQtçH
SĢHNURĀXMHUR]SRĀHWDSURYiGt]DVMLQpåPHMG\DE\WRNODSDOR
3URWR]GH NG\çVHYåLFKQLFSDOLWďPLWRSRNURXWNDPLDE\ DVSRě
WRKR VYLQVWYD XçLOL NG\ç Xç QHE\OR QLF MLQpKR R FR E\ VH GDOR
PXçVWYRRNUiVWSURPOXYLO%DXWDQ]HORVPXWQìFKSRPďUHFKQDWpWR
FHVWď Å3URGďODO MVHP Xç GYD PDUåEDWDOLyQ\ DOH WDNRYRX EtGQRX
FHVWX MDNR WHĊ MVPH QHGďODOL 3DQHĀNX QHçMVPH SĢLMHOL WHQNUiWGR
3UHåRYDWDNMVPHPďOLKDOG\ YåHKRQD FR VL ĀORYďN SRP\VOLO 0ďO
MVHPVFKRYiQRGHVHWWLVtFPHPILVHNGYďNRODHPHQWiOVNpKRVìUDWĢL
VWDNRQ]HUYDSRWRPNG\çXçVHåORQD%DUGďMRYGR]iNRSĪ5XVRYp
RG 0XåLQ\ RGĢt]OL VSRMHQt QD 3UHåRY SRWRP VH GďODO\ REFKĪGN\
2GHY]GDOMVHP] WRKR YåHKRQDRNRGHViWRXĀiVW SURPDUåEDWDOLyQ
çHMVHPWRMDNRXåHWĢLODUR]SURGDOMVHPWRRVWDWQtYåHFKQRXWUpQX
0ďOLMVPHXQiVPDMRUD6RMNXDWRE\ODSďNQiVYLQď2QVLFHQHE\O
çiGQìKUGLQDDQHMUDGďMLVHSRWORXNDOXQiVXWUpQXSRQďYDGçWDP
QDKRĢHKYt]GDO\NXOLĀN\DSUDVNDO\åUDSQHO\$WRYçG\FN\SĢLåHON
QiP SRG ]iPLQNRX çH PXVt VH SĢHVYďGĀLW MHVWOL VH SUR PXçVWYR
— 76 —
—76—
EDWDOLyQX YDĢt SRĢiGQď 2E\ĀHMQď SĢLåHO N QiP GROĪ NG\ç GRåOD
]SUiYDçH5XVRYp]DVQďFRFK\VWDMtFHOìVHWĢiVPXVHOQDNXFK\QL
Y\St
W UXP D SRWRP WHSUYH GďODO SURKOtGNX YH YåHFK SROQtFK
NXFK\QtFK NWHUp E\O\ NROHP WUpQX SRQďYDGç QDKRUX GR SR]LF VH
QHPRKORDPLQiçQDKRUXVHQRVLODYQRFL%\OLMVPHWHQNUiWY
WDNRYìFKSRPďUHFKçHRQďMDNpGĪVWRMQLFNpPLQiçLQHPRKODEìWDQL
ĢHĀ-HGQXFHVWXNWHUiMHåWďE\ODYROQiVWìOHPPďOLREVD]HQX1ďPFL
] ĢtåH NWHĢt ]DGUçRYDOL YåHFKQR FR OHSåtKR QiP SRVtODOL ] WìOX D
VHçUDOLWR VDPL WDNçH QD QiV Xç QHGRåOR P\ MVPHYåLFKQL X WUpQX
]ĪVWDOL EH] RILFtUVPLQiçH =D WX FHORX GREX QLF YtF VH PQď
QHSRGDĢLORXåHWĢLWSURQiVYNDQFHOiĢLQHçMHGQRSUDViWNRNWHUpMVPH
VLGDOLY\XGLWDDE\WHQPDMRU6RMNDQDWRQHSĢLåHOWDNMVPHKRPďOL
XVFKRYDQpKRGLQXFHVW\XDUWLOHULHNGHMVHPPďOMHGQRKR]QiPpKR
IHXHUZHUNUD 7DN WHQ PDMRU NG\ç SĢLåHO N QiP ]DĀDO YçG\
RFKXWQiYDW Y NXFK\QL SROpYNX 3UDYGD PDVD PQRKR VH QHPRKOR
YDĢLWMHQWDN FR VHVHKQDORSUDVDW QHERKXEHQìFKNUDYY RNROt7R
QiPMHåWď3UXåiFLGďODOLYHONRXNRQNXUHQFLDGiYDOLGYDNUiWWROLNSĢL
UHNYL]LFL ]D GRE\WHN =D WX FHORX GREX FR MVPH VWiOL SRG
%DUGďMRYHPMVHPVLSĢLQiNXSXGRE\WNDQHXåHWĢLOYtFQHçQďFRPiOR
SĢHV GYDQiFW VHW NRUXQ D WR MVPH MHåWď YďWåLQRX QDPtVWR SHQď]
GiYDOL SRXNi]N\ VH åWHPSOHP EDWDOLyQX]HMPpQDSRVOHGQtGRERX
NG\çMVPHYďGďOLçH5XVRYpQDYìFKRGRGQiVMVRXY5DGYDQLD QD
]iSDGY3RGROtQď1HMKĪĢVHSUDFXMHVWDNRYìPQiURGHPMDNRMH
WDP NWHUì QHXPt ĀtVW DSViW DSRGSLVXMHVHMHQRPWĢHPL NĢtçN\R
ĀHPç QDåH LQWHQGDQWVWYR YHOLFH GREĢH YďGďOR WDNçH NG\ç MVPH
SRVtODOL SUR SHQt]H QD LQWHQGDQWVWYR QHPRKO MVHP SĢLORçLW GR
SĢtORK\SDGďODQpNYLWDQFHçHMVHPMLPY\SODWLOSHQt]HWRVHPĪçH
GďODWMHQRPNGHMHQiURGY]GďODQďMåtDXPtVHSRGSLVRYDW$SRWRP
MDN Xç ĢtNiP 3UXåiFL QiV SĢHSOiFHOL D SODWLOL KRWRYď D NG\ç MVPH
QďNDPSĢLåOLWDNQDQiVSRKOtçHOLMDNRQDUDXEtĢHDLQWHQGDQWVWYR
Y\GDORMHåWďNWRPXUR]ND]çHNYLWDQFHSRGHSVDQpNĢtçN\SĢHGiYDMt
VH SROQt ~ĀHWQt NRQWUROH $ WďFK FKODSĪ VH MHQRP KHPçLOR 3ĢLåHO
WDNRYìFKODSQDçUDOVHXQiVDQDSLODGUXKìGHQåHOQiVXGDW7HQ
PDMRU6RMNDFKRGLOSRĢiGSRWďFKNXFK\QtFKQDPRXGXåLYďĢWHPQď
— 77 —
—77—
Y\WiKO MHGQRX ] NRWOH PDVR SUR FHORX ĀWYUWRX NXPSDĀNX =DĀDO V
YHSĢRYRX KODYRX R Wp ĢHNO çH QHQt GRYDĢHQi WDN VL ML GDO MHåWď
FKYLONX SRYDĢLW SUDYGDWHKG\ PDVD VH PQRKR QHYDĢLOR QD FHORX
NXPSDQLLSĢLåORDVLGYDQiFWVWDUìFKSRFWLYìFKSRUFtPDVDDOHRQWR
YåHFKQRVQďGSRWRP RFKXWQDOSROpYNXDVSXVWLOUiPXVçHMHMDNR
YRGDFRMHWR]DSRĢiGHNPDVRYiSROpYNDEH]PDVDGDOML]DSUDçLWD
KRGLO GR Qt PRMH SRVOHGQt PDNDUyQ\ FR MVHP XåHWĢLO ]D WX FHORX
GREX$OHWRPQHWDNQHPU]HORMDNRWRçHQDWXMtåNXSUDVNO\GYď
NLOD ĀDMRYpKR PiVOD NWHUp MVHP Y\åHWĢLO MHåWď Y Wp GREď NG\ E\OD
GĪVWRMQLFNi PLQiç0ďOMVHPMHQDWDNRYpUHFKQďQDG NDYDOFHPRQ
VHQDPďUR]HĢYDONRPXSUìWRSDWĢt-iMVHPPXWHG\ĢHNOçHSRGOH
UR]SRĀWX QD VWUDYRYiQt YRMiNĪ GOH SRVOHGQtKR SĢtND]X SR GLYL]L
SĢLSDGiQDMHGQRWOLYpKRYRMiND QDSĢLOHSåHQtSDWQiFWJUDPĪ PiVOD
QHER MHGQDGYDFHW JUDPĪ ViGOD SRQďYDGç WR QHVWDĀt ]ĪVWiYDMt
]iVRE\ PiVOD VWiW WDN GORXKR GRNXG VH QHEXGH PRFL SĢLOHSåLW
PXçVWYX PiVOD Y SOQp Yi]H 0DMRU 6RMND VH YHOLFH UR]ĀLOLO ]DĀDO
NĢLĀHW çH DVL SDWUQď ĀHNiP Dç SĢLMGRX 5XVRYp D VHEHURX QiP
SRVOHGQtGYďNLODPiVODKQHGçHWRPXVtSĢLMtWGRSROpYN\NG\çMH
SROpYNDEH] PDVD7DNMVHPSĢLåHORFHORX]iVREXD YďĢWHPQďçH
WHQ PDMRU PQď SĢLQiåHO MDN VH REMHYLO MHQ VDPRX VPĪOX 2Q PďO
SRPDOXWDN ĀLFK Y\YLQXWì çH KQHG YďGďO R YåHFK PìFK ]iVREiFK
-HGQRXMVHPXåHWĢLOQDPDQåDIWXKRYď]tMiWUDDFKWďOLMVPHVLMHGXVLW
NG\çYWRPåHOSRGNDYDOHFDY\WiKOMHġHNOMVHPPXQDMHKRĢYDQt
çH MiWUD WD MVRX XUĀHQD N ]DNRSiQt çH GRSROHGQH WR ]MLVWLO MHGHQ
SRGNRYiĢ RG DUWLOHULH NWHUì Pi YHWHULQiĢVNì NXUV 0DMRU VHEUDO
PDQtNDRGWUpQXDSRWRPVWtPPDQtNHPYDĢLOLVLMiWUDQDKRĢHSRG
VNDODPL Y NRWOtNiFK D WR E\OWDNpMHKRRVXG çH 5XVRYp YLGďOL WHQ
RKHěSUiVNOLGRPDMRUDGRNRWOtNXRVPQiFWNRX3RWRPMVPHVHWDP
åOLSRGtYDWDĀORYďNQHUR]H]QDOMHVWOLSRWďFKVNDOiFKVHYiOHMtMiWUD
KRYď]tQHERMiWUDSDQDPDMRUD´
3RWRPSĢLåOD]SUiYD çH VHSRMHGHMHåWďDç ]D ĀW\ĢLKRGLQ\7UDĨ
QDKRĢH QD +DWYDQ çH MH ]DVWDYHQD YODN\ V UDQďQìPL 7DNp VH
UR]åLĢRYDOR SR QiGUDçt çH X -iJUX VUD]LO VH MHGHQ VDQLWQt YODNV
— 78 —
—78—
QHPRFQìPLDUDQďQìPLV YODNHP YH]RXFtP GďORVWĢHOHFWYR = 3HåWL
çHWDPMHGRXSRPRFQpYODN\
=DFKYtOLSUDFRYDODMLçIDQWD]LHFHOpKREDWDOLyQX0OXYLOR VHR
PUWYìFKDUDQďQìFKRWRPçHVHWDVUiçNDVWDOD]~P\VOQďDE\VH
QHSĢLåORQDSRGYRG\Y]iVRERYiQtQHPRFQìFK
7R GDOR SRGQďW N RVWUp NULWLFH R QHGRVWDWHĀQpP ]iVRERYiQt
EDWDOLyQXDR]ORGďMtFKYNDQFHOiĢLDYHVNODGLåWL
9ďWåLQDE\ODWRKRPtQďQtçH~ĀHWQtåLNRYDWHOEDWDOLyQX%DXWDQ]HO
GďOtVHRYåHFKQRQDSRORYLFVGĪVWRMQtN\
9HåWiEQtPYDJyQďR]QiPLOKHMWPDQ6iJQHUçHGOHPDUåU~W\PDMt
EìWXçYODVWQďQDKDOLĀVNpKUDQLFL9-iJUXçHPďOLXçY\IDVRYDWQD
WĢLGQ\SURPXçVWYRFKOHEDDNRQ]HUY\'R-iJUXçHPDMtMHåWďGHVHW
KRGLQMt]G\9-iJUXçHMHRSUDYGXWROLNYODNĪVUDQďQìPL]RIHQ]tY\
]D/YRYHP çH SRGOH WHOHJUDPX QHQt Y -iJUX DQLYHN\NRPLViUNX
DQLMHGQpNRQ]HUY\2EGUçHOUR]ND]Y\SODWLWPtVWRFKOHEDDNRQ]HUY
. K QD PXçH FRç Pi EìW Y\SODFHQRSĢL UR]GiYiQt çROGX ]D
GHYďW GQt MHVWOL WRWLç GRVWDQH GR Wp GRE\ SHQt]H RG EULJiG\ 9
SRNODGQďMHMHQRPQďFRSĢHVGYDQiFWWLVtFNRUXQ
Å7RMHDOHVYLQVWYRRGUHJLPHQWX´ĢHNOQDGSRUXĀtN/XNiåÅSXVWLW
QiVWDNKOHEtGQďGRVYďWD´
1DVWDOY]iMHPQìåHSRWPH]LIpQULFKHP:ROIHPDQDGSRUXĀtNHP
.ROiĢHPçHSOXNRYQtN6FKUöGHU]DSRVOHGQtWĢLQHGďOHSRVODOQDVYp
NRQWRGRYtGHěVNpEDQN\åHVWQiFWWLVtFNRUXQ
1DGSRUXĀtN .ROiĢ SDN Y\SUiYďO MDN VH åHWĢt 8NUDGQH VH QD
UHJLPHQWX åHVW WLVtF NRUXQ D VWUĀt VH GR VYp YODVWQt NDSV\ D V
GĪVOHGQRXORJLNRXGiVHUR]ND] SRYåHFKNXFK\QtFKDE\VHGHQQď
QDPXçHVWUKO\YNXFK\QLWĢLJUDP\KUDFKX
=DPďVtFWRGďOiGHYDGHViWJUDPĪQDPXçHDQDNXFK\QLXNDçGp
NXPSDQLHPXVtEìWQHMPtěXåHWĢHQD]iVREDNLORJUDPĪKUDFKXDV
WRXVHPXVtNXFKDĢY\Ni]DW
1DGSRUXĀtN.ROiĢY\SUiYďOVLV:ROIHPMHQSRYåHFKQďRXUĀLWìFK
SĢtSDGHFKNWHUp]SR]RURYDO
-LVWR YåDN E\OR çH WDNRYìPL SĢtSDG\ E\OD SĢHSOQďQD FHOi
YRMHQVNi VSUiYD =DĀtQDOR WR ~ĀHWQtP åLNRYDWHOHP X QďMDNp
— 79 —
—79—
QHåĨDVWQpNXPSDQLHDNRQĀLORWRNĢHĀNHPYJHQHUiOVNìFKHSXOHWiFK
NWHUìVLGďODO]iVRE\QDSRYiOHĀQRX]LPX
9RMQDY\çDGRYDODXGDWQRVWLYNUiGHçL
,QWHQGDQWL GtYDOL VH OiVN\SOQďQD VHEH MDNR E\FKWďOL ĢtFW -VPH
MHGQRWďORDMHGQDGXåHNUDGHPNDPDUiGHSRGYiGtPHEUDWĢH DOH
QHSRPĪçHå VL SURWL SURXGX MH WďçNR SORYDW .G\ç W\ QHYH]PHå
YH]PHGUXKì DMHåWďRWREďĢHNQHçHSURWRXçQHNUDGHå SRQďYDGç
VLVXçQDKUDEDOWRKRGRVW
'R YDJyQX YNURĀLO SiQ V ĀHUYHQìPL D ]ODWìPLODPSDV\ %\O WR
RSďWMHGHQ]JHQHUiOĪSURMtçGďMtFtFKVHSRYåHFKWUDWtFKQDLQVSHNFL
Å6HGQďWHVL SiQRYp´SRN\QXOYOtGQďPDMHUDGRVW çHSĢHNYDSLO
RSďWQďMDNìHåDORQRNWHUpPQHYďGďOçHWDPEXGHVWiW
.G\ç KHMWPDQ 6iJQHU FKWďO PX SRGDWL UDSRUW PiYO MHQ UXNRX
Å9iå HåDORQ QHQt Y SRĢiGNX 9iå HåDORQ QHVSt 9iå HåDORQ Pi MLç
VSiW9HåDORQHFKVHPiVSiWNG\çVWRMtQDQiGUDçtMDNRYNDViUQiFK
– YGHYďWKRGLQ´
0OXYLO ~VHĀQď Å3ĢHG GHYiWRX KRGLQRX Y\YHGH VH PXçVWYR QD
ODWUtQ\ ]D QiGUDçtP – D SRWRP VH MGH VSiW -LQDN PXçVWYR Y QRFL
]QHĀLVWt WUDĨ 5R]XPtWH SDQH KHMWPDQH" 2SDNXMWH PQď WR 1HER
QHRSDNXMWHPQď WRDXGďOHMWHPQďWRMDNVL SĢHML2GWURXELW DODUP
KQiWWRQDODWUtQ\]DWURXELWåWUDMFK D VSiW NRQWURORYDW NGRQHVSt
7UHVWDW$QR-HWRYåHFKQR"9HĀHĢLUR]GDWYåHVWKRGLQ´
0OXYLOQ\QtR QďĀHP Y PLQXORVWL R WRP FR VH QHVWDOR FR E\OR
MDNVL ]D QďMDNìP GUXKìPURKHP6WiO WX MDNR SĢt]UDN] ĢtåH ĀWYUWp
GLPHQ]H
Å9HĀHĢL UR]GDW Y åHVW KRGLQ´SRNUDĀRYDOGtYDMH VH QD KRGLQN\
NWHUpXND]RYDO\GHVHW PLQXWSRMHGHQiFWp KRGLQďQRĀQtÅ8PKDOE
QHXQH$ODUP/DWULQHQVFKHLHQGDQQVFKODIHQJHKHQ.YHĀHĢL]GHY
åHVW KRGLQ JXOiå V EUDPERU\ PtVWR SDWQiFWL GHND HPHQWiOVNpKR
VìUD´
3RWRP QiVOHGRYDO UR]ND] XNi]DW SRKRWRYRVW 2SďW GDO WHG\
KHMWPDQ 6iJQHU ]DWURXELW DODUP D LQVSHNĀQt JHQHUiO GtYDMH VH QD
VHĢD]RYiQtEDWDOLyQXGRåLNXSURFKi]HOVHVGĪVWRMQtN\DQHXVWiOHN
QLPPOXYLOMDNRE\WRE\OLQďMDFtLGLRWLDQHPRKOLWRKQHGSRFKRSLW
— 80 —
—80—
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]