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Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
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WELCOME TOLONDON! 201
Ferris Wheel erected onthe south bank ofthe River ames. e
structure is443 feet (135 m) tall and the wheel has a diameter
of394 feet (120 m). Itis the highest viewing point in London
from which tourists can have abird’s-eye view ofthe whole city.
e Ferris Wheel isthe most popular paid tourist attraction inthe
UKwith over 3.75million visitors annually.
Besides, London ishome to numerous museums, galleries,
libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions including
the British Museum, National Gallery, natural History museum,
Tate Modern, British library, and West End theatre. So, everybody
can nd any places ofinterest totheir own taste.
If you are going tovisit London, remember that there are hundreds ofdierent hotels, which range from luxury ones tocheap
hotels, hostels, and bed and breakfast places. London hotels offer numerous high quality accommodation for tourists and business travellers, although this can bequite expensive. Remember,
London isavery large city, sowhen you book ahotel, make sure
that public transportation iswithin walking distance ofit. Moreover, book your hotel asearly asyou can, ashotels can bealmost
booked out atbusy times, especially for Christmas ormajor events
like the London Marathon orthe Chelsea Flower Show. en your
visit toLondon may become the most enjoyable and unforgettable
event. So, welcome toLondon!
Words and Expressions
a captivating journey [´kBptI,veItIN ´dZQ:ni]— захватывающая
поездка
a tourist destination [´tUArIst ,destI´neISn]— цель поездки
to beranked [… rBNkt]— занимать ведущее место
no wonder [,nAU ´wEndA]— неудивительно
202 ENJOY YOUSELF VISITING NEW PLACES!
a World Heritage Site [´wQ:ld ´herItIdZ ,saIt]— памятник все-
мирного наследия
under the auspices […´D:spIsIz]— под покровительством
to comprise [kAm´praIz]— включать
the Prime Meridian [´praIm mA´rIdiAn]— нулевой меридиан
longitude [´lOndZI,tju:d]— долгота (геогр.)
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) [, dZi: em´ti: /,grenItS ´mi:n
,taIm]— время по Гринвичу, которое используется как
международный стандарт
a landmark [´lBnd,mC:k]— зд. достопримечательность
a castle [´kC:sl]— замок
the Norman conquest [´nD:mAn ,kONkwest]— норманнское за-
воевание
entire [In´taIA]— весь, целый
a resented symbol [rI´zentId ,sImbl]— зд. мрачный символ
oppression [A´preSn]— притеснение, подавление
a prison [´prIzn]— тюрьма
a primary purpose [´praImAri ,pQ:pAs]— основное назначение
as awhole [… hAUl]— вцелом
concentric rings [kAn´sentrIk ´rINz]— концентрические круги
a defensive wall [dI´fensIv ,wD:]— защитный вал (защитное
укрепление)
moat [mAUt]— ров
the Jewel House [´dZu:Al ,haUs]— сокровищница британской
короны
the Crown Jewels [´kraUn ,dZu:Alz] — драгоценные камни,
украшающие корону
WELCOME TOLONDON! 203
to house [haUz]— вмещать
the royal regalia [,rDIAl rI´geIliA]— королевские регалии
plates [pleIts]— столовое серебро
royalty [´rDIAlti]— королевская власть
a scepter [´septA]— скипетр
a sword [sD:d]— меч
reign [rein]— правление
to raise money [´reIz ,mEni]— собирать деньги
treasure [´treZA]— сокровище
to pawn [pD:n]— закладывать, отдавать взалог
to bepartly responsible for the interest [… ´pC:tli rI´spOnsAbl…]—
отчасти этот интерес обусловлен
a raven [´reIvn]— ворон
a menagerie [mA´nBdZAri]— зверинец, питомник
to donate [dAU´neIt]— дарить, жертвовать
the Court [kD:t]— Двор (королевский)
currently [´kErAntli]— внастоящее время
to gomissing [… ´mIsIN]— исчезать, пропадать
diverse [daI´vQ:s]— разнообразный
a genus (. . genera) [´dZi:nAs; ´dZenAs /´dZenArA]— сорт, вид
to bein bloom [… blu:m]— цвести
magnicent [mBg´nIfIsnt]— величественный, великолепный
diversity [daI´vQ:sAti]— разнообразие
London Eye [´lEndAn ,aI] — аттракцион «Око Лондона»
(«Лондонский глаз»)
204 ENJOY YOUSELF VISITING NEW PLACES!
to beworth mentioning [´wQ:F ,menSnIN]— стоить того, что-
бы упомянуть
a Ferris Wheel [´ferIs ,wi:l]— аттракцион «Ярмарочное колесо»
a viewing point [´vju:IN ,pDInt]— точка обзора
a bird’s eye view [´bQ:dz ´aI ,vju:] — вид с высоты птичьего
полета
accommodation [A,kOmA´deISn]— удобство
to book ahotel [´bUk A hAU´tel]— забронировать номер вотеле
enjoyable [In´dZDIAbl]— доставляющий удовольствие, при-
ятный
unforgettable [,EnfA´getAbl]— незабываемый
Answer the questions:
1. How old is London? What are the oldest historical landmarks
ofthe city? What places ofinterest inLondon are under the aus-
pices ofUNESCO? Are there any World Heritage Sites inyour town?
Have you ever been to London? If so, what is your impression
ofthe visit?
2. When was the Tower ofLondon founded? Inthe course ofwhat con-
quest did ithappen? What was the rst designation ofthe Tower? Why
was the Jewel House built inthe Tower later? Why doLondoners fol-
low the tradition of keeping ravens inthe Tower nowadays? Does any
tradition like that exist inyour town?
3. Why are Kew gardens under the auspices ofUNESCO? Isthere any Bo-
tanic garden inyour town? What isit famousfor?
4. What new landmark appeared inLondon to mark the new millenni-
um? Why isLondon Eye sopopular with tourists? What isthe highest
viewing point inyour town?
WELCOME TOLONDON! 205
5. What accommodation does London oer the tourists? What recom-
mendations concerning booking a hotel in London can be given
tothose who are going tovisit London? Isit dicult tobook a hotel
during the tourist season inyour town?
Here are some topical expressions for you tolearn
and examples oftheir use inthe sentence:
to travel light— путешествовать налегке
a travel agency— туристическое агентство
a travel agent— организатор туристической поездки
a package tour— поездка потуристической путевке
to goon atrip / totake atrip— отправляться впоездку
to wander around— бродить поразным местам без ка-
кой-либо особой цели
to walk inarelaxed way— бродить бесцельно, просто наслаждаясь ходьбой
a sightseer — турист, осматривающий достопримечательности
to gosightseeing— путешествовать поместам, осматривая достопримечательности
a sightseeing tour ofthe city— поездка погороду сосмотром достопримечательностей
Translate the following sentences:
1. Last month wewent for ahike through the countryside. Asit
was atwo-day trip, wetravelled light.
2. When you plan your holidays, you should better ap-
ply toa travel agency; they will help you make all travel
206 ENJOY YOUSELF VISITING NEW PLACES!
arrangements. Besides, the travel agent can discuss all possible accommodation, discounts and other services available with you.
3. One of the most advantageous ways of travelling abroad
isapackage tour. Itis aholiday that isarranged byatravel
agency for axed price which includes the cost ofahotel and
transport, and sometimes meals and entertainments.
4. e family decided togo onatrip tosome exotic country and
India was chosen.
5. When myfriend arrives atsome new places, helikes wandering around the streets and parks enjoying the sur rounding.
6. When I am on holiday, I love walking in a relaxed way
through the countryside.
7. Alot ofsightseers gathered around this ancient castle, asymbol ofthe end ofthe fourteenth century.
8. Iam never tired ofgoing sightseeing when Iarrive atanew
town— all places ofinterest represent the main features ofit.
9. Wetook asighting tour ofthe city which lasted the whole day.
THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
PRE-SCHOOL AND SCHOOL EDUCATION INRUSSIA
e system ofeducation inRussia has slightly changed for the
last decades. Now itis presented byfour main stages: pre-school
education, school education, specialised secondary education, and
higher education. Small children between three and six years old
can attend kindergartens, iftheir parents who have towork are
busy during the rst half ofthe day. is helps them in socialising and preparing for school life. Kids who attend akindergarten learn social skills when they play with other children and this
helps toshape their personality. ere are other advantages, too.
ese children are prepared for aprimary school because along
with being involved in dierent games and activities, they are
taught basic literacy and numeracy.
Pre-school education also includes crèches, intended for
children upto the age ofthree. But they are not sopopular nowadays asparents prefer tobring uptheir babies and little children
themselves.
School education isthe next stage ofthe whole system, which
comprises three steps of the learning process: primary school,
basic school and secondary school. Children inRussia begin attending primary school when they reach the age ofsix and ahalf
orseven and the learning process lasts for four years.
Each academic year starts onthe rst ofSeptember inall cities, towns, and settlements ofthe country. is has become agreat
national holiday that iscelebrated asthe Knowledge Day. Onthis
208 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
day, all streets and squares are crowded bycheerful, nicely dressed
schoolchildren carrying bright bouquets of owers. Practically,
onthe rst ofSeptember there are noclasses at school, instead
pupils have special meetings, take part in festive concerts orgo
oninteresting excursions. is makes the event unforgettable, especially for those who become rst-form pupils.
In the primary school schoolchildren learn how toread and
to write and are taught fundamentals of general subjects such
as mathematics, Russian, literature; besides, they have physical
education classes and learn drawing and music. Second-form pupils begin learning aforeign language.
Aer four years ofstudying the schoolchildren are admitted tothe next step— basic school where they are taught for
ve years including the ninth form. During this period they
acquire basic knowledge in dierent sciences: exact, natural
and the humanities. Aer nishing the ninth form the students
take examinations intwo obligatory subjects (mathematics and
Russian) and two other ones chosen bythe student. When the
schoolchildren pass the examinations, they are given acerticate, stating that they successfully completed the basic secondary school.
Attending classes from the rst tothe ninth form inRussian
schools iscompulsory. All school education inour country isfree
ofcharge.
Aer nishing the ninth form students may leave school and
begin their working career orthey may continue their education
in some specialised secondary educational establishments acquiring dierent professional skills. ose who stay onat school
move tothe last step— secondary school and become tenth- and
eleventh-form students. e curriculum ofthe nal school years
provides for deeper learning the subjects ofthe previous course
and some new disciplines. e learning process iscompleted with
PRE-SCHOOL AND SCHOOL EDUCATION INRUSSIA 209
the common state examination inmathematics and Russian and
some other subjects atthe choice ofthe student. Asarule, schoolchildren choose those sciences which are necessary for admitting
tothe University.
Aer passing the Unied State Examination (USE) the
teachers and students arrange atraditional school-leaving ceremony. Itis aspecial occasion that takes place atthe end ofJune.
en every student isgiven aschool-leaving certicate which provides them achance ofapplying tothe University. e ceremony
looks festive, but informal. Itis agreat day for the school-leavers,
when their teachers congratulate them and wish them luck and
asuccessful career infuture. e students, inturn, express their
gratitude tothe teachers presenting them with owers.
Words and Expressions
pre-school education [,pri: ´sku:l ,edjU´keISn]— дошкольное
образование
slightly [´slaItli]— слегка, немного
secondary education [´sekAndAri …]— среднее образование
higher education [´haIA…]— высшее образование
to attend a kindergarten [A´tend A ´kIndA,gC:tn] — посещать
детский сад
socialising [´sAUSA,laIzIN] — социализация, обучение детей
нормам коллективной жизни
a kid— ребенок
social skills [´sAUSAl ,skIlz]— навыки социального общения
to shape apersonality [´SeIp A,pQ:sA´nBlAti]— формировать ха-
рактер
210 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
basic literacy [,beIsIk ´lItArAsi]— основы грамотности
basic numeracy […´nju:mArAsi] — счет, основы математики,
арифметика
a crèche [kreS]— ясли
intended for smth. [In´tendId…] — предназначенный для
чего-л.
to bring up[,brIN ´Ep]— воспитывать
the learning process [,lQ:nIN ´prAUses]— процесс обучения
a secondary school [´sekAndAri ,sku:l]— средняя школа
an academic year [,BkA´demIk ,jIA]— учебный год
a settlement [´setlmAnt]— поселок
to becrowded […´kraUdId]— заполняться
a bouquet [bu:´keI; bAU´keI]— букет
to goon excursions […Ik´skQ:Snz]— ходить наэкскурсии
a rst-form pupil [´fQ:st,f D:m ,pju:pl]— первоклассник
fundamentals [,fEndA´mentlz]— основы
a general subject [´dZenArAl ,sEbdZIkt] — общеобразователь-
ный предмет
a physical education class [´fIzIkl ,edjU´keISn ,klC:s] — урок
физкультуры
drawing [´drD:IN]— рисование
a second-form pupil [´sekAnd,f D:m…]— второклассник
to beadmitted tothe next step [… Ad´mItId tA GA ´nekst ,step]—
быть переведенным наследующую ступень обучения
a form— класс (ступень обучения)
exact sciences [Ig´zBkt ,saIAnsIz]— точные науки
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