Добавил:

ivanov666 Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Башкирский Государственный Аграрный Университет

Предмет:

[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

Файл:

Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие

.pdf

Скачиваний:

Добавлен:

07.09.2026

Размер:

1 Мб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 / 3610 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 > Следующая >>>

BODY LANGUAGE 91

6) tohave something coming out ofone’s ears— She isal-

ways complaining about her nancial diculties, but everybody knows that she has money coming out ofher ears.

7) tokeep one’s chin up — Come on, keep your chin up!

We’ve survived alot worse than this.

8) tolose face— Weneed tond away toend the conict

without either side losing face.

9) to make / pull a face — When the boy saw his mother

serving abeetroot salad, hepulled aface indisgust.

10) tohave anger inevery pie— e woman was unbear-

able— she wanted tohave her nger inevery pie.

Match the English phraseological expressions from1 to10 given above with their Russian equivalents:

а) потерять лицо, доброе имя; скомпрометировать себя б) выше нос; непадай духом в) предвкушать удовольствие г) сходиться вовзглядах; находить общий язык д) вкаждой бочке затычка; вовсё совать свой нос е) сохранять лицо; сохранять хорошую мину при пло-

хой игре

ж) держать язык зазубами; прикусить язык (язычок) з) денег— куры неклюют; выше головы и) строить гримасу; лицо вытянулось к) держать ухо востро

Do you know any other phraseological expressions related to the topic “Body Language”?

92 THE VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE

ENGLISH ASTHE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE

One ofthe modern trends ofthe present time iswide contacts between countries and nations, which has become evident inthe economic and business sphere, incultural cooperation and intourism. Nowadays wehave totravel alot, todo business with foreign partners, toestablish cultural relations with other countries. More and more people need information about scientic and technological research and discoveries that are carried out indierent parts ofour planet. All this isimpossible without mutual understanding. at iswhy for better communication itis very important tolearn aforeign language. And here the prime role belongs toEnglish asthe international language.

Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has anocial status. One out ofve of the world’s population speaks English with some degree ofcompetence. Atthe beginning of the 21 English as a second or foreign language exceeded the number ofnative speakers.

ere are some other factors that contributed tothe choice ofEnglish asthe language for international communication. First ofall this isdue tothe system ofthe language structure itself. Like many other languages, English uses aphonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, ithas alarge and extensive vocabulary ofwhich about eighty percent isforeign. erefore ithas cognates virtually from every language inEurope and has borrowed and continues toborrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well aslanguages from West Africa and Polynesia. is language peculiarity makes English unique inhistory.

Everybody can witness the international character ofEnglish. Tobegin with, itis the language ofthe United Nations (theUN),

century the number ofpeople who speak

ENGLISH ASTHE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE 93

aninternational organisation that encourages countries towork together inorder tosolve world problems such aswar, human rights, disease, and poverty. en, international sports competitions and tournaments are mainly held in English. Besides, when scientists and inventors want tointroduce their new ideas or discoveries to the international scientic community, they rst publish their ndings inEnglish. When Japanese companies conduct business with Scandinavian partners, they negotiate inEnglish. When demonstrators want toalert the world totheir problems, they display signs inEnglish. When Mexican pilots land their airplanes inFrance, they and the ground controllers use English. And nally, when pop singers orthe most famous musical groups perform their songs, they doit inEnglish. us, the global spread ofEnglish over the last y years isunprecedented.

Moreover, English inuences noticeably other languages.

Let ustake Russian. Not only words ofsome sport spheres such asfootball, hockey, goal keeper, forward, referee were successfully borrowed bythe Russian language and are still used bythe native speakers, but many political terms were included inthe Russian vocabulary. e examples ofthe latter are party, debate, globalism, political gure, manifestation, pluralism, priority and many others which can beunderstood without translation. Lately, with the introduction ofcomputers and the Internet toour life, agreat number ofnew words have come into Russian. Our language has borrowed the new technological notions together with the vocabulary. Foreign lexical units can beborrowed either bymeans oftranscription ortransliteration. e former isthe phonetic reproduction ofthe English word with the help ofthe Russian sounds (le, site, interface, notebook, manager, impeachment) while the latter isthe reproduction ofthe word with the help ofthe letters ofthe Russian alphabet (club, bank, uniform, parking, culture).

94 THE VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE

is interaction oflanguages isquite anatural process caused bymutual relationships and cooperation between nations. However, from time totime ardent defenders ofthe Russian language’s purity start protesting against foreign borrowing and demand excluding all alien words and replacing them byprimordial Russian. But fortunately, alanguage develops according toits own laws.

Will English keep its role ofthe international language within the next twenty—thirty years? ere isno reason tobelieve that any other language will appear inthe near future toreplace English. But atpresent Spanish issuccessfully competing with itbecause ofexpanding trade and the increase ofLatino population inthe United States.

Words and Expressions

to do business with foreign partners […´bIznAs wIG´fDrIn

´pC:tnAz] — осуществлять деловые отношения с ино-

странными партнерами

scientic [,saIAN´tIfIk]— научный research and discoveries [rI´sQ:tS And dI´skEvArIz]— исследова-

ния иоткрытия to becarried out […´ kBrId ,aUt] — осуществляться, прово-

диться

impossible [Im´pOsIbl]— невозможный mutual understanding [´mju:tSuAl ,EndA´stBndIN]— взаимопо-

нимание

the prime role [,praIm ´rAUl]— важнейшая роль to belong tosmth. [bI´lON…]— принадлежать чему-л. worldwide [,wQ:ld ´waId]— вовсем мире

ENGLISH ASTHE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE 95

population [,pOpjU´leISn]— население with some degree ofcompetence [… dI´gri: Av ´kOmpItAns]—

стой или иной степенью компетентности

to exceed [Ik´si:d]— превышать a native speaker [,neItIv ´spi:kA]— носитель языка; тот, для

кого данный язык является родным

due tosmth. [dju:…]— благодаря чему-л.

like smth.— подобно чему-л., как ичто-л. fairly basic syntax — [´feAli ,beIsIk ´sIn,tBks]— достаточно

простой синтаксис

an extensive vocabulary [Ik´stensIv vA´kBbjUlAri]— обширный

вокабуляр (словарь)

therefore [´GeAfD:]— поэтому cognates [´kOg,neIts]— родственные слова, слова одного корня virtually [´vQ:tSUAli]— фактически, всущности to borrow [´bOrAU]— заимствовать Hebrew [´hi:bru:]— иврит Hindi [´hIndi]— язык Северной Индии хинди, один изофи-

циальных языков Индии

Urdu [´UAdu:; ´Q:du:] — язык урду, официальный язык

Пакистана, накотором также говорят вИндии

Bengali [beN´g D:li]— бенгальский язык, официальный язык

Бангладеш

Malay [mA´leI] — малайский язык, официальный язык

Малайзии иИндонезии

Chinese [,tSaI´ni:z]— китайский язык Polynesia [,pOlI´ni:zjA]— Полинезия

96 THE VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE

unique [ju:´ni:k]— уникальный, единственный всвоем роде to witness smth. [´wItnAs…]— быть свидетелем чего-л. the United Nations (the UN) [ju:,naItId ´neISnz]— Организация

Объединенных Наций (ООН) to encourage [In´kErIdZ]— способствовать, стремиться за-

ставить in order tosolve problems [In ´D:dA tA ´sOlv…]— для того что-

бы решать проблемы

human rights [´hju:mAn ,raIts]— права человека disease [dI´zi:z]— болезнь poverty [´pOvAti]— бедность, нищета

to beheld— проводиться mainly [´meInli]— главным образом besides [bI´saIdz]— кроме того a scientist [´saIAntIst]— ученый an inventor [In´ventA]— изобретатель to introduce smth. to smb. [,IntrA´dju:s…] — представить

что-л. кому-л. a scientic community [,saIAn´tIfIk kA´mju:nAti]— научное со-

общество

a nding [´faIndIN]— находка, открытие Japanese [,dZBpA´ni:z]— японский to conduct business [kAn´dEkt ,bIznAs]— вести деловые отно-

шения

to negotiate [nI´gAUSieIt]— вести переговоры to alert smb. tosmth. [A´lQ:t…]— привлекать чье-л. внимание

кчему-л., сообщать кому-л. опроблемах

ENGLISH ASTHE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE 97

to display signs [dI´spleI ,saInz]— выставлять плакаты to land […´leAnd]— приземляться (о самолете) a ground controller [,graUnd kAn´trAUlAz]— авиадиспетчер to perform [pA´fD:m]— исполнять a global spread [´glAUbl ,spred]— глобальное распростране-

ние, повсеместное использование

unprecedented [En´presI,dentId]— беспрецедентный noticeably [´nAUtIsAbli]— заметно, сильно to besuccessfully borrowed […sAk´sesfUli ´bOrAUd]— успешно

заимствоваться

a term [tQ:m]— термин the latter [´lBtA]— последний (из перечисленного) lately [´leItli]— запоследнее время introduction [,IntrA´dEkSn]— внедрение a great number [,greIt ´nEmbA]— большое количество a lexical unit [´leksIkl ,ju:nIt]— лексическая единица either… or[,aIGA…´ D:]— или… или transcription [trBn´skrIpSn]— транскрипция transliteration [trBns,lItA´reISn]— транслитерация the former [´f D:mA]— первый (из перечисленного) a phonetic reproduction [fA´netIk ,ri:prA´dEkSn]— фонетиче-

ское воспроизведение

a sound [saUnd]— звук a letter [´letA]— буква interaction [,IntAr´BkSn]— взаимодействие a natural process [´nBtSrAl ,prAUses]— естественный процесс to cause [kD:z]— вызывать, быть причиной

98 THE VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE

mutual relationships [,mju:tSuAl rI´leISnSIps]— взаимные отно-

шения

an ardent defender [´C:dnt dI,fendA] — ярый защитник (блю-

ститель)

purity [´pjUArAti]— чистота to exclude [Ik´sklu:d]— исключать alien [´eIliAn]— чужой, иностранный primordial [praI´mD:dial]— исконный fortunately [´fD:tSAnAtli]— ксчастью to develop [dI´velAp]— развивать an own law [,AUn ´lD:]— собственный закон to keep one’s role [… rAUl]— сохранять свою роль to appear [A´pIA]— появляться to compete [kAm´pi:t]— конкурировать expanding trade [Ik´spBndIN ,treId]— расширение торговли an increase [´INkri:s]— увеличение, рост

Answer the questions:

1. Doyou think that nowadays any specialist should learn a foreign lan-

guage? What circumstances inmodern life encourage them todo this?

Doyou know any foreign language? What language? Where do you

have touse it?

2. Where can people learn foreign languages inyour town? Which way

isthe most ecient? How did you learn the foreign language? What

aspect: reading, translating, listening, speaking orgrammar— was the

most dicult for you? How could you assess the level ofyour know-

ledge?

ENGLISH ASTHE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE 99

3. Would you like to work as an interpreter oratranslator? What isthe

dierence between them? Which status looks more attractive for you?

Have you ever tried towork asaguide for aforeigner?

4. What contributed tothe fact that English became aninternational lan-

guage? Can you give any examples ofusing English globally? Isit pos-

sible for English tokeep its leading role inthe near future?

5. What isyour attitude tothe fact that Russian has borrowed and iscon-

tinuing toborrow foreign words? Doyou consider the phenomenon

positive ornegative for the language?

6. What articial languages doyou know? Why are they called so? For

what purposes were they invented? What are dead languages? What

was the reason for their death?

Here are some quotations about language:

e limits ofmy language mean the limits of my world.

(Ludwig Wittgenstein)—

Границы моего языка— это границы моего мира. (Люд-

виг Витгенштейн)

Language is a part of our organism and noless compli-

cated. (Ludwig Wittgenstein)—

Язык— это часть нашего организма, ине менее сложная.

(Людвиг Витгенштейн)

If wespoke adierent language, wewould perceive asome-

what dierent world. (Ludwig Wittgenstein)—

Если бы мы говорили на каком-нибудь другом языке,

мывоспринимали быокружающий нас мир немного иначе.

(Людвиг Витгенштейн)

100 THE VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE

A dierent language isadierent vision oflife. (Federico Fellini)—

Другой язык— это другое видение мира. (Федерико Феллини)

To have another language is to possess a second soul. (Charlemagne)—

Владеть другим языком— это как иметь вторую душу. (Карл Великий)

Money speaks sense inalanguage all nations understand. (Aphra Behn)—

Деньги говорят на языке, который понятен носителю любого языка. (Афра Бен)

England and America are two countries separated bythe same language. (Bernard Shaw)—

Англия и Америка — две страны, разделенные общим языком. (Бернард Шоу)

Man invented language tosatisfy his deep need tocomplain. (Lily Tomlin)—

Человек придумал язык, чтобы удовлетворить свою глубокую потребность жаловаться. (Лили Томлин)

Life isaforeign language: all men mispronounce it. (Christopher Morley)—

Жизнь похожа наиностранный язык, которым мало кто пользуется правильно. (Кристофер Морли)

If language is not correct, then what is said is not what ismeant; if what issaid is not what is meant, then what must bedone remains undone; ifthis remains undone, morals and art will deteriorate; ifjustice goes astray, the people will stand about

<<< < Предыдущая 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 / 3610 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 > Следующая >>>

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]