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Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
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FOUR TYPES OFTEMPERAMENT 61
A melancholic person isvery timid, sensitive, modest, hesitant and insecure which makes his (her) life rather dicult. Asthey
never share their thoughts and feelings with others, they tend
torefuse people’s help and are indierent toboth ap proval and
disapproval. ey are oen pessimistic and are not eager tocommunicate with new people. It takes them much time while they
adapt towork ina new team. ey tend tobe lonely, depressed
and suspicious. e slightest trouble or stressful situations may
lead tonervous breakdowns. Sothey need sympathy and support
from the part oftheir relatives and friends. Melancholic people
prefer toobey rules and authorities.
ey need todevelop the feeling ofimportance and toimprove self-esteem. Regular training and exercise can behelpful
and eective inthis direction.
Words and Expressions
inert [I´nQ:t]— инертный
sedentary [´sedntAri] — склонный к малоподвижному, сидя-
чему образу жизни
frightening [´fraItnIN]— пугающий
patience [´peISns]— терпение
carefulness [´keAflnAs]— осторожность
diligence [´dIlIdZAns]— прилежность, усердие
persistent [pA´sIstAnt]— настойчивый, упорный
to achieve agoal [A´tS i:v A´gAUl]— достигать цели
to waste one’s strengths in vain [´weIst ,wEns ´strengFs…
´veIn]— напрасно тратить силы
an employee [,emplDI´i:]— работник

62 DOES SUCCESS MEAN HAPPINESS AND VICE VERSA?
a feature [´fi:tSA]— характерная особенность
a pause [pD:z]— пауза, остановка
to keep silence […´saIlAns]— молчать, хранить молчание
to reect onsmth. [rI´flekt…]— размышлять очем-л.
to bedeeply hidden […´di:pli… ]— быть глубоко спрятанным
chaos and mess [´keIOs…]— хаос ибеспорядок
to get along with people— ладить слюдьми
to possess [pA´zes]— обладать
an environment [In´vaIrAnmAnt]— окружение, окружающая
обстановка
with great eorts […´efAts]— сбольшим трудом
approval [A´pru:vl]— одобрение
disapproval [,dIsA´pru:vl]— порицание
to hide [haId]— скрывать, прятать
a sedentary lifestyle […´laIf,staIl]— сидячий образ жизни
increased sensitivity [In´kri:st ,sAnsA´tIvAti] — повышенная
чувствительность
durable [´djUArAbl]— длящийся долго
a familiar and peaceful atmosphere [fA´mIliA And ´pi:sfl
´BtmAs,fIA]— знакомая испокойная обстановка
timid [´tImId]— робкий
modest [´mOdAst]— скромный
hesitan [´hezItAnt]— нерешительный
insecure [,InsI´kjUA]— незащищенный
indierent [In´dIfrAnt]— безразличный
not tobe eager […´i:gA]— нестремиться

FOUR TYPES OFTEMPERAMENT 63
lonely [´lAUnli]— одинокий
suspicious [sA´spISAs]— склонный кподозрительности
the slightest trouble [´slaItAst ,tr Ebl]— малейшая тревога, ма-
лейшее беспокойство
a nervous breakdown [´nQ:vAs ´breIk,daUn]— нервный срыв
sympathy and support [´sImpAFi And sA´pD:t] — сочувствие
иподдержка
to obey rules and authorities [A´beI ´ru:lz And D:´FOrAtIz]— под-
чиняться правилам ивластям
a feeling ofimportance [ … Im´pD:tns]— чувство (осознание)
собственной значимости
to improve self-esteem [Im´pru:v]— повышать самооценку
Answer the questions:
1. What type of nervous system do phlegmatic people have? How
dothey behave indangerous situations? What are the strong points
oftheir character?
2. What features ofphlegmatic people’s personality can look attractive
for employers? Doyou possess one ofthem? Which one orones? Why
are these people considered reliable?
3. What are their speech and facial expression characterised by? Why
dothey experience some diculties incommunication? What would
you advise them tomake their life easier?
4. What are the main features of the melancholic type of the nervous
system? Are you able tofeel other people’s problems? Do you tend
tounderstand people who surround you? That features dophlegmatic
people and melancholic ones have incommon?

64 DOES SUCCESS MEAN HAPPINESS AND VICE VERSA?
5. What features ofthe melancholic people’s character make their life dif-
cult? What would you recommend them for developing the feeling
ofimportance and improving their self-esteem?
6. Judging by your dominating features, what doyou think your type
oftemperament is? Doyou know your strong and weak points?
7. Can a particular type of temperament correlate with a certain job
orprofession? Can for example amelancholic person beapilot, anas-
tronaut or a plumber? What accountant would be more ecient,
aphlegmatic oracholeric one?
Here are some quotations about temperament
and character:
Character is something you forge for yourself; temperament is something you are born with and can only slightly
modify. (Sydney J. Harris)—
Характер— это то, что вывсебе формируете, атемперамент— это врожденное свойство, которое нельзя изменить,
номожно слегка подправить. (Сидней Дж. Харрис)
A man’s happiness orunhappiness depends asmuch onhis
temperament as on his destiny. (Francois de La Rochefou-
cauld)—
Счастье, равно как инесчастье человека, столько жезависит отего темперамента, сколько отего судьбы. (Франсуа
деЛарошфуко)
Great men are always of a nature originally melancholy.
(Aristotle)—
Все великие люди по своей природе меланхоличны.
(Аристотель)

FOUR TYPES OFTEMPERAMENT 65
Whether welike itor not, men and women are not the same
in nature, temperament, emotions and emotional responses.
(J.aul Getty)—
Нравится нам это или нет, номужчины иженщины раз-
нятся посвоей природе, темпераменту, эмоциям ибыстроте
реагирования. (Дж. Пол Гетти)
A man far oener appears tohave adecided character from
persistently following his temperament than from persistently
following his principles. (Friedrich Nietzsche)—
Как ни странно, решительный характер человека
вомногом зависит оттого, насколько упорно онследует качествам, заложенным вего темпераменте, ане оттого, насколько настойчиво онследует своим принципам. (Фридрих
Ницше)
Part of the scientic temperament is this tolerance for
holding multiple hypotheses inmind atthe same time. (David
Eagleman)—
Темперамент, выражающийся в склонности к научной
работе, отчасти определяется способностью человека одновременно удерживать в голове множество гипотез. (Дэвид
Иглмен)
It ismy view that the vegetarian manner ofliving, byits
purely physical effect on the human temperament, would
most beneficially influence the lot ofmankind. (Albert Ein-
stein)—
Я убежден, что вегетарианский образ жизни по чисто
физическому влиянию на темперамент личности благоприятно скажется на судьбе всего человечества. (Альберт
Эйнштейн)

66 DOES SUCCESS MEAN HAPPINESS AND VICE VERSA?
Age doesn’t depend upon years but upon temperament
and health. Some men are born old, and some never grow so.
(Tryon Edwards)—
Возраст зависит не от количества прожитых лет, а от
темперамента издоровья. Некоторые уже рождаются стариками, аиные так ими ине становятся. (Трион Эдвардс)
I have a temperament that does not adapt to politics.
It’sbecause Ispeak mymind somuch. (Joaquim Barbosa)—
С моим темпераментом нельзя заниматься политикой.
Это потому, что я всегда говорю то, что думаю. (Хоаким
Барбоза)
It ismy fate and perhaps mytemperament tosign agree-
ments with fools. (Edward M. Forster)—
Мой темперамент проявляется в том, что мне суждено
до конца моих дней подписывать соглашения с дураками.
(Едвард М. Форстер)
Do you agree with all the authors ofthe quotations who suppose
that temperament inuences the human’s personality inthis way?
Which ofthem impresses you greatly?
Do you also think that great men are “always ofanature originally
melancholy”? And what about the great comiс actors?
Do you have atemperament that adapts topolitics?

THE FACE ISTHE INDEX OFTHE HEART
APPEARANCES ARE DECEPTIVE
In most situations, beit anaccidental acquaintance, the rst
meeting or a job interview, people are judged by their appearances. e way welook, the manner webehave, and the clothes
wewear seem tobe very important for others’ opinion about us.
Everything— from the physique and age, the colour ofone’s hair
and eyes, the facial expression, even the fashion and style someone prefers— may impress other people.
e appearance can tell much about aperson. Itmay reveal
his (her) lifestyle, personality aswell as the inner world. From
what someone looks wecan say whether he (she) is in a good
orbad mood, whether he(she) is alert orrelaxed, shy orcondent. Sometimes from what people look or wear we can guess
their profession. For example, itis quite easy to identify a successful businessman byhis tidy appearance, short haircut, formal
clothes, expensive accessories and self-condence. Onthe other
hand, ataxi driver’s appearance also speaks for itself. Besides their
casual clothes which can beapproved of, drivers donot look sociable and the only idea their eyes express isthe more the passenger will pay, the better.
e interpretation ofpersons’ appearance whether itis correct ornot isbased onsome common clichés about something,
o
ne oranother feature isassociated with. Let ustake faces. ere
isan opinion that the shape ofthe face tells you alot about the
person. Ifyou have around face, this is associated with lazy

68 THE FACE ISTHE INDEX OFTHE HEART
people and with ahome-loving attitude. Asquare-shaped face
indicates that someone is practical and reliable. If the face
isakind ofrectangular, this issaid tobe for lucky people, good
leaders and those who are successful inlife. en, big eyes are
a sign of friendliness; thick eyebrows show that their owner
isstrong and independent and probably agood leader. Full lips
and a wide smile denote someone sociable, warm, charming
and popular.
So, ifwe meet someone for the rst time, their appearance
can tell usmuch about them inthe way oftheir personality, lifestyle and habits. And the rst impression lasts long. But everybody knows another commonplace expression — appearances
are deceptive. is means that very oen someone with anattractive appearance does not meet our expectations and inpractice
turns out tobe arrogant and meticulous while under avery plain
appearance the real inner beauty and rich spiritual world can
beconcealed.
It is not dicult to follow a modern trend in a hairstyle,
make-up and fashion ofclothes because these are external features that can change the image ofanybody. Image-makers, anew
p
rofessi on that has recently appeared in our society, can make
someone’s appearance unrecognisable. But itis not easy tocorrect
the inner world, sowhat can look glamorous outside, can appear
disap poin ting inside. e outer look isessential, but the person’s
inner beauty, his (her) emotions and intelligence are even more
important.
Words and Expressions
an appearance [A´pIArAns]— внешний вид, наружность
deceptive [dI´septIv]— обманчивый

APPEARANCES ARE DECEPTIVE 69
an accidental acquaintance [,BksI´dentl A´kweIntAns] — слу-
чайное знакомство
to judge bysmth. [dZEdZ…]— судить почемy-л.
to behave [bI´heIv]— вести себя
to wear smth. [weA]— быть одетым вочто-л., носить что-л.
a physique [fI´zi:k]— телосложение, фигура
hair [heA]— волосы
a facial expression [´feISl Ik´spreSn]— мимика
to impress smb. [Im´pres…] — производить впечатление
накого-л.
to reveal [rI´vi:l]— показывать, раскрывать
a lifestyle [´laIf,staIl]— образ жизни
a personality [,pQ:sA´nBlAti]— характер
an inner world [,InA´ wQ:d]— внутренний мир
to bein agood (bad) mood [… mu:d]— быть вхорошем (пло-
хом) настроении
alert [A´lQ:t]— встревоженный, настороженный
relaxed [rI´lBkst]— без внутреннего напряжения
shy [SaI]— застенчивый, робкий
condent [´kOnfIdAnt]— уверенный
to guess smth. [ges…] — догадываться о чем-л., угадывать
что-л.
quite easy [´kwaIt ,i:zi]— совсем нетрудно
to identify [aI´dentI,faI] — идентифицировать, зд. распо-
знавать
tidy [´taIdi]— опрятный
a haircut [´heA,cEt]— стрижка

70 THE FACE ISTHE INDEX OFTHE HEART
expensive accessories [Ik´spensIv Ak´sesArIz]— дорогие аксес-
суары
self-condence [,self´ kOnfIdAns]— самоуверенность
on the other hand [ … ´EGA…]— сдругой стороны (для выра-
жения противоположного мнения)
smth. speaks for itself— что-л. говорит само засебя
casual clothes [, kBZUAl ´klAUGz]— повседневная одежда
to approve ofsmth. [A´pru:v…]— оправдывать что-л.
to express [Ik´spres…]— выражать
to bebased onsmth. […beIst…]— основываться начем-л.
a common cliché [,kOmn ´kli:SeI] — общепринятое (распро-
страненное) выражение, штамп
a shape ofthe face— форма (контур) лица
round [raUnd]— круглый
lazy [´leIzi]— ленивый
a home-loving attitude [´hAUm,lEvIN ´BtI,tju:d] — чувство
любви ипривязанности кдому
square-shaped [´skweA,SeIpt] — квадратный, в форме ква-
драта
to indicate [´IndI,keIt]— указывать, означать
rectangular [re´ktBNgUlA]— прямоугольный
lucky people [´lEki…]— удачливые (везучие) люди
a sign offriendliness [´saIn Av ´frendlInAs]— признак друже-
любия
thick eyebrows [,FIk ´aIbraUz]— густые брови
an owner [´AUnA]— зд. тот, укого есть названный признак;
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