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FREELANCING 131
muting toand from your workplace, namely overcrowded buses,
delay inarriving and leaving caused bytrac jams, etc. e fact
that you can actually work during your most productive hours
isareal plus. Freelancing is also away out for those who have been
laid o and cannot nd afull-time employment, orfor students
who mainly search for apart-time job.
As freelancing like all other forms of casual labour is not
quite reliable, its disadvantages may outweigh advantages. Due
to lack of security there is a strong possibility for a freelancer
ofbeing without work for long periods. Besides, they are not paid
regularly and ontime and, unlike full-time employees, freelancers
donot enjoy employment benets such aspaid holidays, perks,
asick leave, apension, and health insurance. ere isalso certain
discrimination insalaries between employees who are onsta and
freelancers who oen earn less than the former do. Despite these
restrictions, more and more people take upfreelancing nowadays
which helps them successfully regulate the work and life balance.
Words and Expressions
freelancing [´fri:,lC:nsIN]— характер деятельности, при кото-
рой исполнитель работает на несколько работодателей
без заключения долгосрочного контракта
frequently [´fri:kwAntli]— часто
to describe [dI´skraIb]— описывать
morphologically [,mD:fA´lOdZIkAli]— морфологически, вмор-
фологическом отношении
a compound noun [´kOmpaUnd ,naUn]— сложное существи-
тельное
132 MAKING ACAREER
a root [ru:t]— корень (лингв.)
a lance [lC:ns]— копьё
a knight’s lexicon [,naIts ´leksIkAn]— рыцарский лексикон
to bepledged toone master […´pledZd… ´mC:stA]— быть свя-
занным обещанием служить одному хозяину
a freelancer [´fri:lC:nsA]— работник, не связанный контрак-
том содним нанимателем иработающий одновременно
нанесколько работодателей
commonly [´kOmAnli]— обычно
self-employed [,self Im´plDId]— работающий насебя
to becommitted tosmb. [… kA´mItId…]— иметь обязательст-
во перед кем-л.
to submit [sAb´mIt]— представлять нарассмотрение
a publishing house [,pEblISIN ´haUs]— издательство
to betied tosmth. [… taId…]— быть связанным счем-л.
to raise [reIz]— повышать
to widen [´waIdn]— расширяться
to predominate [prI´dOmi,neIt]— доминировать, пре обладать
homebound [´hAUm,baUnd]— «привязанный» кдому
tiring [´taIrIN]— утомительный
to take upsmth.— заняться чем-л.
gender [´dZendA]— гендерность, пол
delay [dI´leI]— задержка
casual labour [,kBZuAl ´leIbA]— случайная работа
FREELANCING 133
lack ofsecurity [… sI´kjUArAti]— слабые гарантии, недоста-
точная надежность
to enjoy benets [In´dZDI ´benIfits]— пользоваться привиле-
гиями
a sick leave [´sIk ,li:v]— больничный лист
health insurance [´helF In´SUArAns]— медицинская страховка
sta [stC:f]— штат (работников)
to earn [Q:n]— зарабатывать
Answer the questions:
1. What kind ofwork isdenoted bythe term “freelancing”? What does
itmean from the linguistic point ofview? Isit anew phenomenon for
our country? Have you ever considered achance ofworking asafree-
lancer for yourself?
2. Why have many people taken up freelancing in our country lately?
What professions and occupations where freelancing predominates
are the most common? Did you ever have towork asafreelancer? Ifso,
inwhat capacity? Was your experience successful?
3. What are the benets offreelancing? Which ofthem attract you most
ofall? Inwhat case would you sacrice your long-term employment
for freelancing? If you were dismissed on grounds ofredundancy,
what would you do: search for anew full-time job or take up free-
lancing?
4. What are the drawbacks offreelancing? Which ofthem are the most
serious for you? Isit easy toraise children inthe family ifboth parents
are freelancers? Can aperson combine work asafreelancer with afull-
time job for along-term employer? Who gains from freelancing more,
the state orthe freelancer?
134 MAKING ACAREER
Here are some quotations about freelancing and some
recommendations for those who are going tobecome
afreelancer. Some ofthem are anonymous and the others
belong tofamous people:
Freelancers have allowed usto achieve things that would
have been impossible otherwise. (Author unknown)—
Свободный труд людей, работающих непо найму, позво-
лил нам достигнуть того, что невозможно было быдостичь
иначе. (Неизвестный автор)
Self-employment has taught methat there ismore nan-
cial security in creating my own livelihood than in relying
onsomeone else topay mysalary. (Author unknown)—
Работа насебя, как показал мой опыт, гарантирует более высокий уровень проживания и стабильность средств
существования, чем условия работы, при которых тыв финансовом отношении полностью зависишь отработодателя.
(Неизвестный автор)
I am an entrepreneur because life is too short to work
inacubicle. (Author unknown)—
Я предприниматель по той причине, что считаю, что
жизнь слишком коротка, чтобы, работая, просиживать
ее в замкнутом пространстве какого-нибудь офиса. (Неиз-
вестный автор)
You don’t have tobe great tostart, but you have tostart
tobe great. (Author unknown)—
Не нужно быть великим, чтобы начинать свое дело.
Нужно начать, чтобы стать великим. (Неизвестный автор)
Start where you are. Use what you have. Dowhat you can.
(Arthur Ashe)—
FREELANCING 135
Начинай там, где тынаходишься. Используй то, что име-
ешь. Делай то, что можешь. (Артур Эш)
ere are two primary choices onlife: toaccept conditions
as they exist or accept the responsibility for changing them.
(Denis Waitly)—
В жизни человек сталкивается сглавным для себя выбо-
ром: либо принять условия, как они есть, либо взять насебя
ответственность заих изменение. (Денис Уэйтли)
Do the thing you think you cannot do. (Author unknown)—
Делай то, что, как тебе кажется, тыне можешь сделать.
(Неизвестный автор)
If you cannot dogreat things, dosmall things in agreat
way. (Author unknown)—
Если неможешь создать ничего великого, сделай немно-
гое, нотак, чтобы это удивило всех. (Неизвестный автор)
A job isn’t just ajob. It’s what you are. (Author unknown)—
Работа— это непросто работа, как она есть. Это то, что
тывнее вкладываешь. (Неизвестный автор)
Never get sobusy making aliving that you forget tomake
alife. (Author unknown)—
Не лезь изкожи, зарабатывая себе нажизнь, чтобы неза-
быть осамой жизни. (Неизвестный автор)
What recommendations would you take into account ifyou made
adecision tobecome afreelancer?
Which ofthe pieces ofadvice doyou follow inyour everyday practice?
HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVITIES
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS INRUSSIA
Every country has its own national holidays that are marked
according tospecic customs and traditions of a particular nation. Some ofthem have along history, others appear asaresult
ofnew historical events caused by dierent circumstances. National holidays can bedivided into ocial ones declared asaday
o bythe state authorities and unocial. e latter present aspecial date which people enjoy during their weekday.
One ofthe most glorious national holidays for Russian citizens isthe Victory Day which iscelebrated onthe 9th ofMay. is
day was proclaimed aholiday inhonour ofthe great victory ofour
country over Nazi Germany inthe course ofthe Great Patriotic
War of1941–1945 years. is isa really sacred day for our nation, “a holiday with tears inthe eyes”, that iswhy itis celebrated
heartily and with enthusiasm. Festivities include amilitary parade onthe Red Square inMoscow, laying wreaths onthe Tomb
of the Unknown Soldier, greeting war veterans and open-air
concerts. Recently anew glorious action tocommemorate those
who defended our Motherland inthe struggle against fascism has
emerged onordinary people’s initiative: “the Immortal Regiment”
marches through the city centre with portraits oftheir relatives
who were killed ghting for their Motherland or participated
inthe war battles. Itlooks really impressive. is remarkable event
ends inamagnicent salute and reworks inall hero-towns.
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS INRUSSIA 137
Enthusiastically and joyfully our people mark the Day
ofRussia that iscelebrated onthe 12th ofJune. In1991 aer the
collapse ofthe USSR the Declaration ofSovereign ofRussia was
adopted by the Parliament and since that time the holiday has
been regularly marked.
e 12th ofDecember isthe Constitution Day because onthat
day in1993 the rst Constitution ofthe Russian Federation, the
main law ofthe state, was adopted.
Due tothe historical events that took place inour country in
1990s some old holidays and traditions have disappeared and new
ones appeared. us, the October Revolution date isnot anocial
holiday anymore and people donot celebrate itany longer everywhere inRussia; ithas become aparticular day only for some individual groups ofpeople. Instead, anew holiday was established
onthe 4th ofNovember— the Day ofthe People’s Unity whose
national idea isto remind everybody that tolerance, respect and
mutual understanding can successfully contribute to the unity
and further development ofour country.
Some holidays, though retained, have changed the idea and
character of their celebrating. For instance, the Day of the 1st
ofMay, the former international holiday ofsolidarity ofall working people, has transformed into the holiday ofSpring and Labour,
and the day ofthe 23rd ofFebruary, the former Day ofthe Soviet
Army, has become the Day ofthe Defender ofthe Fatherland. e
International Women’s Day ofthe 8th ofMarch has remained the
Women’s Day but has lost its political colouring.
e great holiday that falls onthe 12th ofApril isthe Cosmonaut’s Day. Ithas been celebrated by our people since 1961
when the rst Russian spaceship “Vostok— 1” with acosmonaut
onboard was launched into space. e name ofthe spaceman Yuri
Gagarin became asymbol ofconquering Space and our country’s
138 HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVITIES
achievements inthis eld were recognised asan evident technological breakthrough bythe whole world.
All the remarkable dates mentioned above are mainly co-
loured byapatriotic and partly byapolitical idea.
But there isan ocial holiday, probably the most favourite,
which isloved byeverybody irrespective oftheir age, profession,
political preferences, and sex. Itis the New Year holiday which
isconsidered tobe afamily holiday inRussia. Preparation for the
celebration begins long before the New Year. e symbol ofthe
New Year— aholiday r tree glittering with wonderful decorations and lights— isinstalled inevery home. e family gathers
atthe table full ofdelicious foods and sparkling drinks toshow
their love and aection for each other. ey listen tothe Kremlin
chimes beating at12 o’clock in the night and then congratulate
one another onthe New Year which isconnected for everybody
with new expectations and happy events. e holiday isvery dear
tochildren who wait for the coming ofFather the Frost and Snow
Maiden with nice presents.
But there isa certain contradiction incelebrating the New
Year holiday inour country, caused bychanging incalendar aer
the revolution of 1917. is led tothe situation when Russians
celebrate approaching ofthe New Year twice: onthe 31st ofDecember and according tothe old style onthe 14th ofJanuary—
the so-called old New Year. Christmas, another favourite holiday
ofRussians’, isalso marked twice: following the Gregorian and the
Julian calendar. Perhaps because ofthis misleading tradition western people speak about “an enigmatic Russian soul” which isdifcult tounderstand.
ere are other popular holidays inRussia that are marked
only by specic groups of people. One of them is the Day
of Knowledge which schoolchildren, students and teachers
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS INRUSSIA 139
celebrate on the 1st of September. Another students’ holiday
isTatyana’s Day marked onthe 25th ofJanuary with jolly festivities, jokes, humorous presentations. Itshows that along with
studies young people can enjoy themselves. Agreat holiday for
those who nish school isaschool-leaving party when school
leavers say good-bye totheir adolescent period oflife and make
afresh start.
In addition tosecular holidays, some religious ones are celebrated inour country. One ofthem is Easter. Itdoes not have
any exact day and ismarked onaSunday inMarch orApril. is
isthe time when Jesus Christ died, then resurrected, according
tothe Bible. e specic tradition ofthe day ispainting eggs and
making anEaster cake and apaskha, arich mixture ofsweetened
curds, butter and raisins.
Shrovetide isamerry celebration symbolising the end ofwinter and coming ofspring. Everywhere people make traditional
Russian pancakes with dierent llings which are the feature
ofthe holiday. Another enjoyable tradition ofShrovetide isburning adummy ofwinter inanticipating anarrival ofspring.
ese festive traditions show that Russians can both work
hard and enjoy themselves enthusiastically.
Words and Expressions
particular [pA´tIkjUlA]— определенный
to bedivided into smth. [… dI´vaIdId…]— быть разделенным
начто-л.
a day o [´deI ,Of]— выходной день
glorious [´glD:riAs]— прославленный
140 HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVITIES
a citizen [´sItIzn]— гражданин
to proclaim [prA´kleIm]— провозглашать
Nazi [´nC:tsi]— нацистский
sacred [´seIkrId]— священный, святой
tears [tIAz]— слезы
heartily[´hC:tIli]— искренне
festivities [fA´stIvAtiz]— празднества, торжества
to lay wreaths [´leI ,ri:Fs]— возлагать венки
a tomb [tu:m]— могила
to commemorate [kA´memA,reIt]— увековечивать память
the Immortal Regiment [I´mD:tl ´redZImAnt] — Бессмертный
полк
to ght [faIt]— сражаться, бороться
impressive [Im´presIv]— впечатляющий
magnicent [mBg´nIfIsnt]— великолепный
reworks [´faIAwQ:ks]— фейерверк
joyfully [´dZDIfAli]— радостно
independence [,IndI´pendAns]— независимость
collapse [kA´lBps]— распад
sovereignty [´sDvrAntI]— суверенитет
the main law [… lD:]— основной закон
the People’s Unity […´ju:nAti]— Народное единство
further [´fQ:GA]— дальнейший
to retain [rI´teIn]— сохранять
labour [´leIbA]— труд
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