Добавил:

ivanov666 Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Башкирский Государственный Аграрный Университет

Предмет:

[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

Файл:

Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие

.pdf

Скачиваний:

Добавлен:

07.09.2026

Размер:

1 Мб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 / 3618 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 > Следующая >>>

CONSERVATION OFNATURE 171

ofpopulation from high density urban areas tolow density rural areas, which results inspreading acity over more and more rural land destroying ora and fauna. Deforestation may cause acrisis inthe shing, tourist, and timber industries. Besides, itwill result inreduction inwater quality and threaten the ecological balance onthe continent. Planting new trees isonly one small step. Weneed tond some balance between progress and conservation ofnature.

Freak weather conditions, re and acid rain also cause destruction ofvast areas ofwoodland. ese areas are home tolarge numbers ofanimals with some species being indanger ofextinction. Half ofall creatures onthe planet are about tobecome extinct. For example the bear has been wiped out inmost European countries with the exception ofFrance and Spain. Toimprove the situation, the national governments are setting upmore nature reserves inthe hope ofsaving the remnant populations ofthese animals. Not only the large animals like elephants and tigers, but the small birds and insects that make our planet sorich and diverse are dying out because ofthe environmental changes. Deforestation isthreatening sixty per cent ofbird species classied under the Red List.

e current environmental problems badly aect people’s health. Dirty water and polluted air cause some respiratory diseases and cardiac-vascular problems, while high temperatures encourage the spread ofinfectious diseases.

ere are somany aspects ofthe environment that should worry usthat itis dicult toisolate one particular problem tobe most concerned with. What needs tobe done inthis aspect? First of all people themselves should be aware of the consequences ofthis serious problem. Inother words everybody should become civilised intheir everyday life. Wecan all regulate the use ofwa-

172 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ter inour houses not tooveruse it. Alot ofus never even think ofit when turning onthe taps and leaving them running. en there isthe question ofenergy saving. Itwould bebetter for each household toreduce the energy use by turning o lights when unnecessary and limiting the use ofhot water heaters and electric ovens. en, the problem ofrubbish isalso very important. Itis necessary to separate all household waste into dierent categories for recycling ordisposal. But the main responsibility should belaid onthe governments who should take stronger measures toprotect people and the environment.

Words and Expressions

conservation ofnature [,kOnsA´veISn Av ´neItSA]— сохранение

природы

destruction [dI´strEkSn]— разрушение to endanger smth. [In´deIndZA…]— подвергать опасности to deal (dealt) with smth. [di:l / delt…]— иметь дело счем-л.;

(зд. решать проблему)

to face smth.— сталкиваться (лицом клицу) счем-л. signs ofsevere damage [´saInz Av sI,vIA ´dBmIdZ]— признаки

сильного повреждения

sink— впитыватель, поглотитель dioxide carbon [daI´OksaId ,kC:bAn]— углекислый газ rainfall [´reIn,fD:l]— осадки ввиде дождя

to cut down— вырубать for residential purposes […,rezI´denSl ´pQ:pAsIz]— для прожи-

вания

CONSERVATION OFNATURE 173

urban sprawl [´Q:bAn ,sprD:l] — расширение границ города

засчет застройки незаселенных пространств

high density urban areas [´haI ´densAti…,eAriAz]— плотно (гу-

сто) населенные городские территории

low density rural areas [´lAU… ´rUArAl…] — малонаселенные

сельские местности to spread (spread) [spred]— распространять, продвигать гра-

ницы

ora and fauna [´flD:rA And ,fD:nA]— флора ифауна a timber industry [´tImbA ,IndAstri]— лесная промышленность reduction insmth. [rI´dEkSn…] — снижение чего-л. to plant [plC:nt]— сажать (деревья, растения) freak [fri:k]— причудливый vast areas ofwoodland [´vC:st ´eAriAz Av ,wUdlAnd]— обшир-

ные лесные массивы

a creature [´kri:tSA]— живое существо extinct [Ik´stINkt]— вымерший, исчезнувший a bear [beA]— медведь to wipe out [,waIp ´aUt]— уничтожать with the exception […Ik´sepSn]— заисключением a nature reserve [´neItSA rI´zQ:v]— заповедник remnant [´remnAnt]— оставшаяся часть an insect [´Insekt]— насекомое diverse [daI´vQ:s]— разнообразный

e Red List— Красная Книга

174 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

current [´kErAnt]— текущий, современный cardiac-vascular— [´kC:di,Bk ,vBskjUlA]— сердечно-сосуди-

стый

to beconcerned with smth. [… kAn´sQ:nd…]— быть озабочен-

ным чем-л.

to overuse [,AUvA´jU:z]— использовать чрезмерно to turn onthe tap [,tQ:n ´On GA ,tBp]— открывать кран to leave them running [´li:v… ,rEnIN]— оставлять их(краны)

открытыми

energy saving [´enAdZi ,seIvIN]— энергосбережение a heater [´hi:tA]— нагревающий прибор an electric oven [I´lektrIk , Evn]— электрическая плита household waste [´haUs,hAUld ,weIst]— хозяйственные от-

ходы

disposal [dI´spAUzl]— выбрасывание (отходов)

Answer the questions:

1. What does the notion “ecosystem” mean? Why does deforestation en-

danger all the life? What are the main reasons for deforestation? Can

this destruction result only from ahuman factor? What natural phe-

nomena can cause it? What are the negative consequences ofdefore-

station? What ecient measures could beproposed for conservation

ofwoodlands?

2. How does the fact of animals, birds, plants and insects’ extinction

depend on the environmental destruction? What animals are en-

dangered inour country? What measures does the government take

toprotect them? Which ofthem are registered inthe Red List?

CONSERVATION OFNATURE 175

3. Does the destruction of ecosystem inuence badly people’s health?

What diseases may result from environmental problems?

4. What contribution can each person make to protection ofthe envi-

ronment? How doyou use water, gas, and electricity athome oryour

workplace? Are you accustomed tosparing them ordo you sometimes

overuse them? Doyou use energy saving bulbs athome?

Here are some more quotations about conservation

ofnature:

Conservation isastate ofharmony between men and land. (Aldo Leopold)—

Сохранность природы— это некая гармония между человеком иокружающей средой. (Альдо Леопольд)

Water and air, the two essential uids onwhich all life depends, have become garbage cans. (Jacques-Yves Cousteau)—

Воздух ивода, две важнейших субстанции, накоторых зиждется жизнь, внастоящее время превратились вмусорные свалки. (Жак-Ив Кусто)

Birds are indicators ofthe environment. Ifthey are introuble, weknow we’ll soon bein trouble. (Roger Tory Peterson)—

Птицы являются индикатором состояния окружающей среды. Если они чем-то обеспокоены, значит, тревога скоро настигнет инас. (Роджер Тори Питерсон)

Every creature isbetter alive than dead, men and moose and pine trees, and hewho understands itaright will rather preserve its life than destroy it. (Henry David oreau)—

Любые живые существа, будь толюди, североамериканские олени или сосны, пусть лучше живут ипроцветают, ане

176 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

исчезают. Итот, кто осознаёт это, уже одним своим пониманием оберегает их, что само посебе способствует сохранению видов. (Генри Дейвид Торо)

ere are two problems for our species’ survival— nuclear war and environmental catastrophe— and we’re hurtling towards them. Knowingly. (Noam Chomsky)—

Существованию всего живого напланете угрожают две опасности: ядерная война иприродный катаклизм — а мы несемся имнавстречу. Сознательно. (Ноам Хомский)

If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back tothe rich state ofequilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. Ifinsects were tovanish, the environment would collapse into chaos. (Edward Osborne Wilson)—

Если бычеловечество исчезло, жизнь наземле возродилась быи вернулась ксвоему устойчивому состоянию равновесия, которое существовало десять тысяч лет назад. Если быисчезли насекомые, это повергло бымир вхаос. (Эдвард

Осборн Уилсон)

Destroying rainforest for economic gain is like burning a Renaissance painting to cook meal. (Edward Osborne Wil-

son)—

Истребление тропических лесов ради экономической выгоды сравнимо с сжиганием художественных полотен эпохи Возрождения только для того, чтобы получить огонь для приготовления пищи. (Эдвард Осборн Уилсон)

Nature isthe mother and the habitat for man, even ifsometimes astepmother and anunfriendly home. (John Dewey)—

Природа приходится матерью для человека иявляется его пристанищем, даже если иногда она превращается вмачеху, адом становится неочень гостеприимным. (Джон Дьюи)

RECYCLING 177

Plans toprotect air and water, wilderness and wildlife are

infact plans toprotect man. (Stewart Udall)—

Защита воздуха, воды, пустынных мест иживой приро-

ды фактически подразумевает защиту человека. (Стюарт

Юдалл)

It ishorrifying that wehave toght our own government

tosave the environment. (Ansel Adams)—

Это ужасно, что во имя спасения окружающей среды

нам приходится вступать в борьбу с собственным правительством. (Энсел Адамс)

What quotation would you choose asaslogan for aconference devoted toenvironmental issues?

How could you interpret the meaning ofthe quotation “Conservation isastate ofharmony between men and land”?

Which quotation inyour opinion isthe most urgent for the presenttime?

RECYCLING

e process oftreating waste materials known asrecycling isconnected with the necessity of protecting environment, rst ofall that ofacertain community orsociety which leads to improvement ofthe global environment. Bymeans ofrecycling waste materials which are nolonger useful such asnewspapers, packages, packets, bottles, dierent metal objects, etc. are converted into new materials orthings that can beused again.

Why did the problem ofrecycling arise? e matter isthat large amounts of waste are accumulated every day as a result

178 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

of human activity. Empty containers, bottles and jars broken orold metal objects are thrown away every day into rubbish bins orle inthe dumping grounds usually outside atown. Numerous dumps that are not sanctioned pollute environment, badly inuencing people’s health and destroying the natural balance. And itis human beings themselves who are partly responsible for the destruction ofthe environment. Inview ofthe above, rubbish has become avery essential problem for modern cities and towns.

ough the recycling process istime-consuming and rather expensive, the majority of people realise the importance ofthe problem. ey save certain recyclable household waste and take itto recycling centres. Atpresent this has become part ofthe daily routine inmany homes. Ifyou are aware ofthe problem, the next step isto know whether certain waste materials can beor cannot berecycled. In every family among household things, alot ofglass objects can befound: bottles, jars, bowls, etc. But asfar asglass isconcerned, only glass containers which are not broken ordamaged are really suitable for recycling. Items such aslight bulbs ormirrors aren’t ofany use. Asto plastics, only those that are marked with arecycling symbol which isprinted orembossed on the item can be processed. Any unmarked plastic objects should bethrown away.

Paper ofvarious kinds, computer printouts, dry newspapers, and cornakes boxes are also subject to recycling oncondition that the paper isnot sodden ormouldy. However, milk cartons and laminated paper cannot be recycled. Alot ofmetal objects that cannot beused any longer are also thrown away byhouseholders as unnecessary things. Meanwhile scrap aluminium aswell asso-drink cans, lids and foil can beused again aer going through aspecial process. But metal parts that may bemagnetic orspray cans that contained paint orhazardous material are not recyclable.

RECYCLING 179

Unnecessary things tobe recycled are either brought toacollection centre orpicked upfrom special bins; aer that they are sorted, cleaned and reprocessed into new materials intended for manufacturing. Atpresent, atradition ofsorting objects that went out ofuse irrespective ofwhether they can orcannot berecycled has come into being: recycling bins ofdierent colours are set side byside with rubbish bin. Each colour isdesigned for aspecial kind ofwaste: for plastic bottles, for aluminium cans, for glass, for picnic rubbish. is encourages people to treat the community environment carefully.

It isquite evident that recycling can benet your community and the environment onthe whole. Itcan prevent the waste ofpotentially useful materials and reduce the consumption ofraw materials which inturn reduces energy usage, air and water pollution. Italso contributes toconservation ofnatural resources such as timber, minerals and water. And nally, it helps create jobs inthe recycling and manufacturing industries.

Recycling has become extremely popular inthe USwhere far more waste per person than inEurope isproduced. America even exports its waste and Japan uses American scrap metal inproduction ofnew cars. us recycling has turned into abig business.

Summing up, recycling needs tobe encouraged and special laws should bepassed bygovernments.

Words and Expressions

recycling [ri:´saIklIN]— утилизация, вторичная переработка to treat smth. [tri:t…]— обращаться счем-л. necessity [nA´sesAti]— необходимость a community [kA´mju:nAti]— территория или площадь, нако-

торой живет определенная группа людей

180 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

no longer […´lONgA]— больше не useful [´ju:sfl]— полезный a package [´pBkIdZ]— картонная коробка a packet [´pBkIt]— пакет a bottle [´bOtl]— бутылка dierent [´dIfrAnt]— различный to beconverted into smth. [… kAn´vQ:tId…]— превращаться

вочто-л.

a jar [dZC:]— банка a rubbish bin [´rEbIS ,bIn]— контейнер для мусора a dumping ground [´dEmpIN ,graUnd]— захламленная терри-

тория

numerous [´nju:mArAs]— многочисленный a natural balance [´nBtSArAl ,bBlAns]— природный баланс partly [´pC:tli]— отчасти in view of the above […,vju: Av GA A´bEv]— ввиду вышеска-

занного

time-consuming [´taIm kAn,su:mIN] — требующий больших

временных затрат

to save [seIv]— зд. невыбрасывать recyclable [ri:´saIklAbl]— пригодный для переработки a bowl [bAUl]— стеклянная миска as far asglass isconcerned [Az ´fC:rAz ´glC:s Iz kAn,sQ:nd]— что

касается стекла

an item [´aItAm]— предмет a light bulb [,laIt ´bElb]— электрическая лампочка

<<< < Предыдущая 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 / 3618 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 > Следующая >>>

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]