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[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

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Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие

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CHARITY INRUSSIA 281

Charitable organisations oen largely depend on donations from businesses. ese donations represent a major form of corporative philanthropy which is encouraged by our state. Some well-known entrepreneurs ofmodern Russia have created charitable funds for sponsoring social and cultural initiatives. So, in1999 acharitable fund was organised byVladimir Potanin with the aim ofdistributing scholarships and grants among students and professors ofthe leading state universities inRussia. e budget ofthe fund isformed byassignment ofthe company “Interros” owned byV. Potanin and his own nance. Another fund was set upin 1998 byOleg Deripaska tocarry out the programme onsupporting sciences and young specialists aswell asreconstruction ofmonasteries and temples. One more famous businessman Michael Prokhorov established in2004 his “Charitable Fund ofCultural Initiatives” for supporting modern projects insciences, education and sports.

us, these noble actions clearly indicate that such personal qualities as generosity, sympathy, and honesty have not disappeared inour society, which gives hope for abetter future.

Words and Expressions

charity [´tSBrAti]— благотворительность philanthropic [,fIlAn´FrOpIk]— филантропический disadvantaged [,dIsAd´vC:ntIdZd]— неимеющий каких-л. при-

вилегий

protection [prA´tekSn]— защита the poor [pUA]— бедные (люди) the disabled [dIs´eIbld]— люди сограниченными физически-

ми возможностями

282 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE

to lie with smb. [laI…]— быть возложенным на кого-л. non-governmental [, nOn,gEvn´mentl] — неправительст-

венный

a fund [fEnd]— фонд to date back tosmth. [´deIt ,bBk]— хронологически относить-

ся к какому-либо периоду

medieval [,medi´i:vl]— средневековый to bedistributed [… dI´strIbju:tId]— распределяться an almshouse [´C:mz,haUs]— богадельня to bebequeathed [… bI´kwi:Gd]— передаваться позавещанию patronage [´pBtrAnIdZ]— покровительство, попечительство a patron [´peItrAn]— покровитель, попечитель to donate [dAU´neIt]— жертвовать, дарить possessions [pA´zeSnz]— собственность, имущество without any compensation [wIG´aUt ´Bni ,kOmpAn´seISn]— без-

возмездно

to originate [A´rIdZA,neIt]— брать начало, происходить ancient [´eInSAnt]— античный, древний donation [dAU´neISn]— пожертвование a nobleman [´nAUblmAn]— дворянин an entrepreneur [,OntrAprA´nQ:]— предприниматель

a fate— судьба generously [´dZenArAsli]— щедро, великодушно to patronise [´pBtrAnaIz]— покровительствовать a dynasty [´dInAsti]— династия a charitable deed [´tSBrItAbl]— благотворительное дело

CHARITY INRUSSIA 283

a philanthropist [fI´lBnFrApIst]— филантроп the gold age [,gAUld ´eIdZ]— золотой век a prince [prIns]— князь a founder [´faUndA]— основатель an exhibit [Ig´zIbIt]— экспонат a painting [´peIntIN]— картина, живопись to emerge [I´mQ:dZ]— появляться to raise money [´reIz ,mEni]— собирать деньги a volunteer [´vOlAn,tIA]— волонтер to cover [´kEvA]— охватывать a broad range [´brD:d ,reIndZ]— широкий диапазон various [´veAriAs]— разный the sick [sIk]— больные a cure [kjUA]— курс лечения to promote [prA´mAUt]— способствовать, содействовать awareness [A´weAnAs]— осознание and beyond [… bI´jOnd]— иза еепределами an aid [eId]— помощь distinct [dI´stINkt]— отдельный, определенный wildlife [´waIld,laIf]— животный ирастительный мир, флора

ифауна

a pet— домашний питомец hunting and shing [´hEntIN And ,fISIN]— охота ирыболовство an aim [eIm]— цель preservation [,prezA´veISn]— сохранение sustainable [sA´steInAbl]— постоянное, непрекращающееся

284 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE

artistic [C:´tIstIk]— художественный heritage [´herItIdZ]— наследие to represent [,reprI´zent]— представлять corporative philanthropy [´k D:prAtIv fI,lBnFrApi]— корпора-

тивная филантропия

a scholarship [´skOlASIp]— стипендия assignment [A´saInmAnt]— отчисления to own [AUn]— владеть nance [´faInBns; faI´nBns]— финансы a monastery [´mOnAstAri]— монастырь a temple [´templ]— храм to establish [A´stBblIS]— учреждать noble [´nAUbl]— благородный, прекрасный generosity [,dZenA´rOsAti]— великодушие, щедрость sympathy [´sImpAFi]— сочувствие honesty [´OnIsti]— честность

Answer the questions:

1. Can any society cope with its social and economic problems without

charitable organisations’ assistance? How can volunteers help raise

money for supporting those who are disadvantaged? Doyou always

give money tobeggars? Why? / Why not?

2. Charity isnot anew phenomenon inour country. How were charitable deeds carried out in Russia before the XVIII century? What do you know about the Russian “metsenatstvo”? What were the

most famous Russian representatives who donated their money and

private property tocharitable deeds? What charitable activities are

they famous for?

CHARITY INRUSSIA 285

3. What people inyour opinion need a charitable support? Inwhat

other directions can charitable activity be carried out? Which

of them do you think is the most important? Has individual phi-

lanthropic activity retained inmodern Russia? What names ofen-

trepreneurs orstate figures are familiar toyou? Why doyou think

these people get involved incharitable activity? How does the state

encourageit?

4. Did you ever have toparticipate inraising money orother donations

for any charitable deed? Ifso, who did you try to help? What doyou

know about charitable activity of the peace and human rights non-

governmental organisation in our country? If there were a disaster

in another city / town or country, how could you help the people

inneed? What can volunteers doto help solve the problem ofhome-

less people inyour city / town?

Here are some proverbs about charity:

Charity begins athome, but shouldn’t end there.—

Благотворительность начинается дома, нотам незакан-

чивается.

Charity isthe matter ofthe heart not ofthe pocket.—

Путь кблаготворительности лежит через сердце, ане че-

рез карман.

Where there isno love there isno charity.—

Без любви неможет речь идти облаготворительности.

Charity never made poor. Stealing never made rich, and

wealth never made wise.—

Благотворительность никогда необедняла дающего. Воровство никогда необогащало крадущего, абогатство никого неделало мудрым.

286 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE

Hands that give also receive.—

Да неоскудеет рука дающего.

What you give you get, ten times over.—

Что отдаётся, восполняется вдесятеро.

Gis break rocks and melt hearts.—

Дары разрушают скалы ирастапливают сердца.

Charity isnot abone you throw toadog, but abone you

share with adog.—

Когда бросаешь собаке кость,— это неблаготворительность. Благотворительность— это когда тыделишься костью ссобакой.

Go tofriends for advice, tostrangers for charity and torelatives for nothing.—

Обращайся к друзьям за советом, к незнакомым — замилосердием, ак родным приходи просто так.

Charity sees the need, not the cause.—

Милосердие нацелено нанеобходимость помочь нуждающемуся, ане наискоренение причины этой необходимости.

Do you accept all statements ofthe proverbs mentioned above?

Which ofthem would you choose asamotto for your own charity?

How could you interpret the meaning ofthe proverb “Charity isthe matter ofthe heart not ofthe pocket”?

EATING HABITS

HEALTHY FOOD

Nowadays life expectancy in our country is considerably higher than before. It is quite evident that many people have astrong motivation tolive ahappier and longer life. e cases when four generations live inone family have not become rare. Itgoes without saying that the progress and achievements ofmedicine contribute toincreasing life expectancy. However, there are some other factors which can lead to a longer life. Drinking, smoking or leading a stressful life can shorten our lives dramatically. On the other hand, eating habits and abalanced diet could beahelp ifnot acure inavoiding some diseases and health disorders.

Healthy food isrich innutrients and good nutrition inturn keeps muscles, bones, internal vital organs, and other body parts strong for alonger period oftime. Nutritious food isthat which contains a lot of vitamins and minerals, something that many people are lacking innowadays. Byconsuming ityou will keep your immunity system ingood condition and your organism will beable toght against many diseases.

Healthy food contains useful substances like protein, potassium, bre, and calcium which are necessary for aperson togrow and be healthy. ese substances are constituents of dierent products. For instance, protein can befound inmeat, poultry, sh, and eggs; bananas, strawberries, avocado, and cucumbers are rich inpotassium; whole grains, some vegetables and fruit, pulses, and

288 EATING HABITS

nuts provide bre; low-fat dairy products and green leafy vegetables contain calcium, achemical element that isan important part ofbones and teeth. So, eating ahealthy diet can help you get all the essential nutrients you need and limit your risk for anumber ofhealth conditions.

ose who want tobe t and healthy should also remember some restrictions inrelation tosugar and salt consumption. Eating too much sugar can result ingaining weight assugar contains nothing but calories and being overweight means ahigher risk ofgetting heart disease. To cut down onsugar you should drink tea and coee without it. Try touse unsweetened fruit juice rather than ordinary drinks which contain alot ofsugar; ifpossible, use less sugar inyour cooking.

Consuming much salt can also cause some health problems. Everyone needs salt but not asmuch asmany people actually use. So, cut down onsalt whenever you can. Itis also advisable toavoid cooking meals using large amounts offat; choose lean meat orlowfat products instead. Agood way ofreducing fat inyour diet isremoving the skin from chickens, when cooking, and using fat-free milk. Remember that biscuits and cakes are also high infat content. Large amounts offat, sugar and salt will contribute toyour unhealthy weight which inturn will increase arisk ofcancer and other serious diseases. So, itis very important tocreate long-term healthy habits including eating healthy foods and regular exercise. Ifwe improve our eating habits, wewill bebetter equipped todeal with our stressful lifestyle.

People are too ready tobe inuenced byfood advertising and try to eat the processed food which they see on the TV screen and magazines. What isadvertised isoen less healthy and more expensive than other simpler foods people always used toeat. So, ignore advertisements, listen todoctors and dieticians, and enjoy your meal!

HEALTHY FOOD 289

Words and Expressions

healthy food [´helFi ,fu:d]— здоровая пища life expectancy [,laIf Ik´spektAnsi]— продолжительность жизни rare [reA]— редкий dramatically [drA´mBtIkAli]— значительно, сильно an eating habit [´i:tIN ,hBbIt]— зд. предпочтение веде rich [rItS]— богатый, насыщенный a nutrient [´nju:triAnt]— питательное вещество nutrition [nju: ´trISn]— питание, пища a muscle [´mEsl]— мускул a bone [´bAUn]— кость internal vital organs [In´tQ:nl ´vaItl ,D:gAnz] — внутренние

жизненноважные органы

nutritious [nju: ´trISAs]— питательный to contain [kAn´teIn]— содержать, включать всебя to belacking insmth. […´lBkIN…]— недоставать чего-л. to consume [kAn´sju:m]— потреблять an immunity system [I´mju:nAti ,sIstAm]— иммунная система protein [´prAUti:n]— белок potassium [pA´tBsiAm]— калий bre [´faIbA]— клетчатка, пищевые волокна calcium [´kBlsiAm]— кальций a constituent [kAn´stItjUAnt]— составная часть poultry [´pAUltri]— домашняя птица strawberry [´strD:bAri]— клубника

290 EATING HABITS

a cucumber [´kju:,kEmbA]— огурец whole grains [´hAUl ,greIn]— цельные (необработанные) зерна a vegetable [´vedZtAbl]— овощ pulses [´pElsIz]— бобовые a nut [nEt]— орех a low-fat dairy product [´lAU ,fBt ´deAri ,prOdEkt]— молочный

продукт снизким содержанием жира green leafy vegetables [´gri:n ,li:fi ,vedZtAblz] — зеленые ли-

стовые овощи

a health condition [´helF kAn,dISn]— зд. заболевание a restriction [rI´strIkSn]— ограничение in relation tosmth. [… rI´leISn…]— вотношении чего-л. sugar and salt consumption [´SUgA And ´sD:lt kAn,sEmpSn]— по-

требление сахара исоли

to gain weight [´geIn ,weIt]— набирать вес a calorie [´kBlAri]— калория to beoverweight [… ,AUvAweIt]— иметь избыточный вес unsweetened [En´swi:tAnd]— без добавления сахара

fat— жир lean meat [´li:n ,mi:t]— постное (нежирное) мясо to remove the skin [rI´mu:v GA,skIn]— снимать кожу a biscuit and cake [´bIskIt And ,keIk] — печенье и кекс (или

пирожное)

regular exercise [´regjUlA ´eksA,saIz]— регулярная физическая

нагрузка to bebetter equipped [… I´kwIpt]— быть лучше приспосо-

бленным

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