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Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
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EXTREME SPORTS 311
What quotation would you choose asamotto for your life?
What doyou doto warm your muscles upin the morning?
How could you interpret the meaning ofthe quotation “e human
body isthe best picture ofthe human soul”?
EXTREME SPORTS
Sport isan integral part ofmodern people’s life. Itis asort
ofrelaxation, akind ofescapism from everyday routine reality
into the atmosphere of enjoyment and freedom. Besides, any
physical activity helps you keep t and enjoy your achievements. Extreme kinds ofsport give participants even more. Adventurous people are prepared tosacrice their safety insearch
ofadrenaline rush.
e popularity ofextreme sports has grown for the last decade. Nowonder these activities are also called adventure sports
asthey are undertaken athigh speed, high altitude, high degree
ofphysical exertion, and under very severe conditions. Moreover,
they are linked with ahigh level ofdanger and risk. So, participants should combine their athletic skills with some personal features such asbravery, courage, and determination. People engaged
inextreme sports have tocompete not only with one another but
what ismore, they have tostruggle with weather conditions and
overcome natural obstacles.
Extreme sports can take place inthe land, inthe water orin
the air. Some examples ofthese sports are: skateboarding, snowboarding, mountaineering, BMX (bicycle motocross), ski jumping, bungee jumping, surng, windsurng, waterskiing, whitewater raing, hang-gliding, base jumping, sky diving, toname
312 FITNESS AND SPORTS
just afew. ese sports require participants tobe inpeak physical
condition toguarantee not only performing them well, but also
performing them safely.
e adventure sports help indevelopment ofself-condence,
self-reliance, and independence. Participants learn how toovercome fears and apprehensions and develop afeeling of accomplishment. e experience gained from facing the diculties and
risks of these extreme sports is very valuable in everyday life.
Moreover, achieving the goal inunpredictable situations results
inimpro ving overall personality ofthe participant. Besides, people acquire afeeling ofworking asateam, askill which isvery important for their social and professional life. Nodoubt, these are
the benets that make extreme sports soattractive. Another advantage isthat these activities bring physical and emotional health
topeople who are engaged inthem.
Speaking about cons ofthe sports weshould rst mention
that these are extremely dangerous. e athletes are atahigh risk
ofserious injuries. Sports like sky diving, base jumping orbungee jumping can have deadly consequences ifeven the smallest
thing goes wrong. en, itgoes without saying that incomparison
with popular sports such asfootball, soccer, hockey, basketball,
extreme sports are very dicult toexcel at. Reaching top levels
ofperformance inthese activities requires strict discipline, selfcontrol, and many hours ofpractice. So, itis recommended that
these sports should betrained and practised under proper guidance and supervision ofacoach. However, the feeling ofachievement atthe happy end ofthe performance isdirectly proportional
tothe risks involved.
In spite of the danger and diculty ofperformance, more
and more people become involved in extreme sports and the
popu larity ofthem grows from year toyear.
EXTREME SPORTS 313
Words and Expressions
escapism [I´skeIpIzAm] — стремление уйти от действитель-
ности
enjoyment [In´dZDImAnt]— удовольствие, наслаждение
adventurous [Ad´ventSArAs] — безрассудно смелый, авантюрный
to beprepared to do smth. [… prI´peAd…] — быть готовым
что-л. делать
safety [´seIfti]— безопасность
in search ofsmth. [… sQ: tS…]— впоисках чего-л.
adrenaline rush [A´drenAlIn ,rES]— приток адреналина
an adventure sport [Ad´ventSA spD:t]— рискованный, авантюр-
ный спорт
to undertake (undertook, undertaken) [,EndA´teIk] — пред-
принимать
altitude [´BltI,tju:d]— высота
a degree ofsmth. [dI´gri:]— степень чего-л.
exertion [Ig´zQ:Sn]— напряжение, усилие
to belinked with smth. [… lINkt…]— быть связанным счем-л.
to combine [kAm´baIn]— сочетать
bravery [´breIvAri]— храбрость
courage [´kErIdZ]— смелость
engaged insmth. [In´geIdZd…]— зд. занимающийся чем-л.
to compete [kAm´pi:t]— соревноваться
to struggle [´strEgl]— бороться
to overcome natural obstacles [,AUvA´kEm ´nBtSArAl ,ObstAklz]—
преодолевать естественные препятствия
314 FITNESS AND SPORTS
land— земля
mountaineering [,maUntI´nIArIN]— альпинизм
ski jumping [´ski ,dZEmpIN]— прыжки налыжах страмплина
bungee jumping [´bEndZi: ,dZEmpIN]— тарзанка
surng [´sQ:fIN]— серфинг
windsurng [´wInd…]— виндсерфинг
whitewater raing [,waItwD:tA ´rC:ftIN] — плавание наплоту
пореке сбыстрым течением ипорогами
hang gliding [´hBN ,glaIdIN]— дельтапланирование
base jumping [´beIs ,dZEmpIN]— прыжок спарашютом свы-
сокого здания или вершины горы
skydiving [´skaI,daIvIN] — прыжок спарашютом с самолета
смаксимально долго нераскрытым парашютом
safely [´seIfli]— безопасно
self-reliance [,self rI´laIAns]— уверенность всвоих силах
fear [fIA]— страх, боязнь
apprehensions [,BprI´henSn]— опасение
a feeling ofaccomplishment [´fi:lIN Av A´kEmplISmAnt]— ощу-
щение достигнутой цели
an experience [Ik´spIAriAns]— опыт (жизненный)
to gain [geIn]— приобретать
valuable [´vBljUbl]— ценный
unpredictabl [,EnprI´dIktAbl]— непредсказуемый
overall [,AUvAr´D:l]— весь, целый
an injury [´IndZAri]— травма
EXTREME SPORTS 315
to have adeadly consequence [… ´dedli ´kOnsIkwens]— иметь
летальный исход
soccer [´sOkA]— вид футбола
to excel [Ik´sel]— превосходить кого-л., показывать лучший
результат
performance [pA´f D:mAns]— исполнение
to train [treIn]— тренировать
under proper guidance and supervision [,EndA ´prOpA ,gaIdns
And ,su:pA´vIZn]— под надлежащим руководством инаблюдением
a coach [kAUtS]— инструктор, тренер
Answer the questions:
1. What distinguishes extreme sports from popular kinds of sports
such asfootball, swimming, gure skating, etc.? Why dosome peo-
ple prefer the former kinds ofsports? What doyou doif you want
toescape from everyday boring reality? Ifyou wanted togo infor
any kind ofextreme sports, what would you choose? Why would you
make the choice?
2. Why are these kinds ofsports sometimes called adventure sports?
What personality must participants possess if they are engaged
in extreme sports? What water and air kinds of extreme sports
doyou know? What land extreme sports are popular? What indivi-
dual features and skills can people develop ifthey goin for extreme
sports?
3. What are the disadvantages of extreme sports? Which of them
doyou think isthe most serious? What inyour opinion outweighs,
benets ordrawbacks ofextreme sports? Ifyou wanted togo infor
316 FITNESS AND SPORTS
scuba diving or hang gliding, could you aord to buy the neces-
sary equipment and special protective clothing? Why does ex-
treme sports training and performing require proper professional
guidance and supervision?
Match the names ofthe extreme sports with their
denitions:
1) windsurng a) the activity of oating in a ra
along rivers where the current
isvery fast and rough
2) base jumping b) the sport ofjumping from avery
high place while attached toalong
piece of rubber that is just short
enough to prevent you from hitting the ground
3) scuba diving c) the sport ofjumping with apara-
chute from high places such
asbuildings ormountains
4) powerboat racing d) a race between long and very
power ful cars over ashort distance
5) hang-gliding e) arace between all-terrain vehicles
6) bungee jumping f) the activity ofswimming under wa-
ter with acontainer ofair onyour
back and a tube for breathing
through
EXTREME SPORTS 317
7) surng g) asport inwhich you move across
water standing onaat board with
asail that you can move
8) whitewater raing h) asport inwhich people ride over
waves onsuroards
9) drag racing i) arace between boats with apower-
ful motor that can govery fast
10) ATV-ing j) the sport ofying inasimple air-
cra with noengine that you hang
under and control bymoving your
body
PEOPLE AND MASS MEDIA
INTHE MODERN WORLD
ADVERTISING
Advertising plays a big part inour life. Itis all around us,
anunavoidable thing that can appear everywhere. For Russia, itis
quite anew phenomenon with not a very long history. Advertising became anintegral part ofour life when economy ofour
country radically changed and began todevelop according tothe
laws ofmarket economy. Promotion ofgoods and services which
isprovided byadvertisements isapowerful stimulus for economic
development.
Advertising isavery direct method toattract people’s attention toacertain product, service, forthcoming event, new technology, etc. and tomake companies orproducers famous. Most
adverts can befound innewspapers and magazines. Besides, there
are alot ofthem inthe streets and transport: hoardings, billboards,
neon signs, posters, iers and newsletters. Wecannot avoid them
even when wesurf the Internet. And ofcourse, one ofthe most aggressive ways ofadvertising istelevision and radio because these
means ofcommunication gather millions ofpotential buyers, customers, and clients who are ready topay for something.
Television adverts seem tobe much more successful, though
the most expensive, due toamuch wider audience they appeal
to. ey are made appealing bythe use ofcolour, sound, and action. e authors ofthe adverts oen resort toamethod known
ADVERTISING 319
asa celebrity’s endorsement, anoccasion when someone famous,
mostly anactor oractress, says that he(she) likes the product advertised. e reason isthat celebrities’ participation inadvertisements because oftheir popularity increases responsibility ofthe
company for the product. Besides, itwill bemore likely topositively aect consumers’ attitude tothe brand and their purchase
intention. Virtually, celebrities’ endorsement is only a device,
some advertising tool which isused for one purpose — to sell
more and increase protability ofthe company.
Magazine adverts contain specic information about travelling, hotels, celebrating some events and so on and invite people totake part inthe activities. Toattract asmany participants
aspossible, advertisers use their own devices relating tothe colour, size, and wording in their presentation. ey also publish
nice photos ofthe places accompanied bydetailed descriptions
orthey give enthusiastic impressions ofthose who have already
used the chance.
Advertising innewspapers aims ataspecic audience. ey
are usually sorted out thematically depending what isadvertised.
Newspaper adverts can befound under the following headings:
Jobs wanted, Car hire, Language lessons, Teacher wanted, Visas
and soon. ese are classied adverts orthe classieds.
What can be advertised? In fact, everything beginning
with foodstus orconsumer goods and ending with real estate.
Moreover, any service dealing with redecorating ats, travelling,
teaching languages, and the like can be oered in ads. In this
way advertising isextremely important tosuccess ofa business
and, what ismore, for the company’s prot asit isa very eective approach topersuade consumers tobuy the product. According toSir Richard Livingstone, aBritish businessman, “the aim
ofcommerce isnot tosell what isbest for people, oreven what
they really need; its nal standard isasuccessful sale”.
320 PEOPLE AND MASS MEDIA INTHE MODERN WORLD
ere are two main viewpoints onadvertising— positive and
negative, though some people are indierent toit atall. e fact
that advertising introduces new brands ofproducts and services
available orother commercial information which help people orientate themselves inthe market isapositive side. Inaddition, potential customers get achance tocompare the quality and price
ofidentical products and choose what they want.
But asto the minuses they outweigh the pluses. Many people
object to a great number of advertisements hung inthe streets
asthey donot improve the city’s sight and its environment. ey
protested against hoardings being erected inthe centre ofthe city.
ey also nd itirritating tohave somany iers scattered all over
the pavement. Athome when viewers sit infront ofthe TVscreen,
itis dicult tostand endless interruptions oflms and other programmes byTVcommercials.
On balance, agood advert isthe one that ishonest, witty, and
attractive. What ismore itshould benet both the company and
the customer. According toadvertisers, agood advert isthe one
which sells products successfully.
Words and Expressions
unavoidable [,EnA´vDIdAbl]— неизбежный
forthcoming [f D:F´kEmIN] — предстоящий, приближаю-
щийся
a hoarding [´hD:dIN]— рекламный щит
a billboard [´bIl,bD:d]— рекламная доска
a neon sign [´ni:On ,saIn]— неоновая реклама
a poster [´pAUstA]— афиша, плакат
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