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Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
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RECYCLING 181
a mirror [´mIrA]— зеркало
to beof any use— зд. быть подходящим для чего-л.
to bemarked with smth. [mC:kt…]— быть маркированными
to emboss [Im´bOs]— выдавливать
to process [´prAUses]— обрабатывать, перерабатывать
unmarked [En´mC:kt]— немаркированный
a computer printout […´prInt,aUt]— распечатка напринтере
dry [draI]— сухой, невлажный
cornakes [´kD:n,fleIks]— кукурузные хлопья
to besubject tosmth. […´sEbdZIkt…]— подвергаться чему-л.
on condition that [… kAn´dISn]— при условии, что
sodden [´sOdn]— промокший
mouldy [´mAUldi]— заплесневелый
a milk carton […´kC:tn]— картонная коробка из-под молока
laminated paper [´lBmI,neItId ,peIpA]— ламинированная бу-
мага
scrap aluminium [´skrBp ,BlA´mIniAm] — алюминиевый ме-
таллолом
a so-drink can— металлическая банка из-под безалкоголь-
ного напитка
a lid— крышка
foil [fDIl]— фольга
a spray can [´spreI ,kBn]— пустой спрей-баллончик
paint [peInt]— краска
hazardous [´hBzAdAs]— зд. огнеопасный
182 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
to pick up[,pIk ´Ep]— подбирать
to come into being […´bi:IN]— зд. появляться
to bedesigned for smth. [… dI´zaInd…]— быть предназначен-
ным для чего-л.
consumption [kAn´sEmpSn]— потребление
a raw material [´rD: mA´tIAriAl]— сырьё
natural resources [´nBtSArAl rI´zD:sIz]— природные ресурсы
timber [´tImbA]— лесоматериалы
Answer the questions:
1. What isrecycling? Why has itbecome sourgent torecycle waste ma-
terials atpresent? Isthis anurgent problem for our country? How can
a large amount of rubbish aect negatively the environment? Can
it destroy the natural balance? What is your attitude to numerous
dumps and dumping grounds outside towns? Does this state ofaairs
irritate you orare you indierent toit?
2. Can all waste materials besubject torecycling? What kinds ofglass and
paper are recyclable? Which ofthem cannot berecycled? What metal
objects are not recyclable? Did you ever have tocollect any waste and
take itto the collection centre? What does your family dowith empty
bottles and jars? Doyou throw them inthe rubbish bin ordo you put
them into arecycling bin?
3. Are people ingeneral aware ofthe seriousness ofthe problem? How
isrubbish collected inyour community, separately orin the common
container? What measures doyour authorities take toencourage col-
lecting and recycling waste inyour city? What would you introduce
ifyou were the Mayor orthe Governor?
RECYCLING 183
4. How does recycling benet the environment? Isit benecial eco-
nomically? Inwhat way? How does recycling paper inuence con-
servation of natural resources? What contribution does it take
toemployment?
Here are some quotations about recycling:
Consuming less means throwing away less, while reusing
things actually helps tosave the planet aswell asthe pennies.
(Sheherazade Goldsmith)—
Меньше потреблять — это значит меньше выбрасывать. Аесли утилизировать вещи иприспособить ихкпоследующему применению, это поможет нам сэкономить
нетолько деньги, ноисохранить нашу планету. (Шехераза-
да Голдсмит)
ere isno such thing as“away”. When wethrow anything
away, itmust gosomewhere. (Annie Leonard)—
Нет таких слов «прочь» или «долой». Когда мы чтото выбрасываем, это «что-то» не исчезает, а перемещается
впространстве. (Анни Леонард)
We live inadisposable society. Itis easier tothrow things
out than tox them. Weeven give itaname— wecall itrecycling. (Neil LaBute)—
Мы живем в обществе, в котором используется масса
одноразовой продукции. Конечно, легче избавиться отчеголибо, чем подвергнуть обработке ииспользовать вторично.
Мыдали этому даже особое название — утилизация. (Нил
Лабут)
I’m mad keen on recycling because I’m worried about
the next generation and where all this waste we’re producing
184 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
is going. Ithas tostop. Iwash out myplastic containers and
recycle envelopes, everything Ipossibly can. (Cherie Lunghi)—
Я всячески поддерживаю утилизацию отходов, потому
что меня беспокоит судьба молодого поколения и то, куда
всё, что мы производим, потом девается. Количество отходов должно сокращаться. Поэтому ямою одноразовую пластиковую посуду и заново использую конверты — это всё,
что я, вероятно, могу сделать вданном случае. (Шери Лунги)
If you want grown-ups torecycle, just tell their kids the importance ofrecycling, and they will beall over it. (Bill Nye)—
Если выхотите, чтобы взрослые занимались утилизацией отходов, расскажите ихдетям оважности самого процесса, иони подхватят эту идею. (Билл Най)
If itcan’t bereduced, reused, repaired, rebuilt, refurbished,
renished, resold orrecycled, then itshould berestricted, redesigned orremoved from production. (Pete Seeger)—
Если что-либо нельзя свести кминимуму, использовать
вторично, отремонтировать, перестроить, окончательно
доработать заново, перепродать или утилизировать, тогда
производство этого должно быть ограничено, либо проект
должен быть изменен, или вообще его нужно изъять изпроизводства. (Пит Сигер)
What’s more important than recycling? Producing something torecycle. (Gordon Osmond)—
Что важнее утилизации отходов? Производство чеголибо, что впоследствии можно будет переработать. (Гордон
Осмонд)
It’s like recycling: selling old clothes to help make new
ones. (Erin O’Connor)—
Секонд-хенд— это сродни утилизации. (Эрин О’Коннор)
RECYCLING 185
You have tokeep recycling yourself. (Chuck Palahniuk)—
Каждому из нас нужно постоянно «перерабатывать»
самого себя. (Чак Паланик)
e greatest threat toour planet isthe belief that someone
else will save it. (Robert Swan)—
Полагаться нато, что кто-то кроме нас сохранит жизнь
нанашей планете, будет самой большой угрозой для еесуществования. (Роберт Суон)
Do you agree with the idea ofall the quotations about recycling?
Which ofthem would you put atthe top ofthe list?
How could you interpret the meaning ofthe quotation “You have
tokeep recycling yourself ”?
ENJOY YOUSELF VISITING NEW PLACES!
TOURISM
Nowadays people travel throughout the world more than before. ey can choose any kind oftravelling depending ontheir
taste, wish and possibility. Visiting other countries, aswell asother
cities ofacertain country, may beconnected with abusiness trip,
with going somewhere for educational purposes oryou may visit
any place asatourist. Inthe latter case you will become part ofthe
whole modern industry, which is called tourism. In our country tourism has become abig business over the last 20–25years
and the improved communications ensure that it will continue
togrow.
But have you ever thought about the eect tourism can have
onthe region? Itmay seem atrst that tourism brings only benets, however further consideration shows that italso has negative consequences. On the positive side, tourism provides employment. Many local people nd jobs inhotels and restaurants,
in the international airlines and travel agencies; shopkeepers,
hair dressing salons, cafés and bars have more customers. Inmany
rural areas tourism is essential to the economy. However, jobs
are oen seasonal and some summer resorts are nearly deserted
in winter time. e extra income means that local councils get
more money tospend ondeveloping and improving their facilities, thus making them better for both visitors and residents. So,
the economic advantage oftourism isevident.
TOURISM 187
In addition, tourism contributes tocultural interaction ofdifferent nations. Many people enjoy visiting foreign cities, museums
and galleries. Travelling isan excellent way ofgaining knowledge
ofother countries’ history and culture and therefore tourism plays
animportant role inbreaking down negative national stereotypes.
Knowing local customs and traditions aswell ascommunicating
with local people contributes tomutual understanding. Besides,
mutual relationships with other nations encourage people tolearn
foreign languages; this isby itself adirect benet for both sides.
On the other hand, tourism can do a lot of harm. For
example, some tourists prefer to travel in their own cars increasing the number ofvehicles onthe roads. Cars cause terric
damage toboth the environment and people’s health. ere are
other environmental problems that can arise from tourism, for
example agreat amount ofrubbish and litter that visitors leave
behind. Tourists can pollute beaches and make noise inquiet
regions. Very oen this leads todiscontent and dissatisfaction
of residents with those who come to their places as visitors.
Moreover, tourism is responsible for the fact that local traditions and lifestyles are replaced bynew customs and habits. is
creates confusion among the local people and causes conicts
between generations.
In conclusion, in many countries tourism isthe most important and the largest source of income. e tourist industry
provides jobs and brings foreign currencies tothe country. Many
groups prot from this: travel agencies, store owners, airports and
airlines, hotel and restaurant services, etc. However, mass tourism can also lead toenvironmental problems and has other negative consequences. All these pros and cons should bethoroughly
weighed before launching the programme ofdeveloping tourism
inacertain region.
188 ENJOY YOUSELF VISITING NEW PLACES!
Words and Expressions
for educational purposes […,edjU´keISnAl ´pQ:pAsIz]— сцелью
получить образование
to ensure [In´SUA]— обеспечивать
a region [´ri:dZAn]— регион, область
further consideration shows [´fQ:GA kAn,sIdA´reISn…] — при
дальнейшем рассмотрении вопроса становится ясным
local people [´lAUkl ,pi:pl]— местные жители
a shopkeeper [´SOp ,ki:pA]— владелец магазина
a hairdressing salon [´heA,dressIN ,sBlOn]— парикмахерская
a rural area [´rUArAl ,eAriA]— отдаленный район
a summer resort [´sEmA rI´zD:t]— летний курорт
to bedeserted [… dI´zQ:tId]— опустошаться
an extra income [,ekstrA ´InkEm]— дополнительный доход
a local council [´lAUkl ,kaUnsl]— городской совет
facilities [fA´sIlAtiz]— оборудование
a resident [´rezIdAnt]— местный житель
to contribute tosmth. [kAn´trIbju:t]— способствовать чему-л.
to gain knowledge [´geIn ,nOlIdZ]— приобретать знания
to break down [,breIk ´daUn]— разрушать
a custom [´kEstAm]— обычай
besides [bI´saIdz]— кроме того
harm [hC:m]— вред
to cause damage [´kD:z ,dBmIdZ]— причинять ущерб
terric [tA´rIfIk]— страшный, ужасный
to arise from smth. [A´raIz…]— происходить, быть результа-
том чего-л.
TOURISM 189
a great amount [´greIt A,maUnt]— большое количество
litter [´lItA]— сор, мусор
a beach [bi:tS]— пляж
to make anoise [… nDIz]— создавать шум
discontent [,dIskAn´tent]— недовольство
to beresponsible for smth. [rI´spOnsAbl…]— отвечать зачто-л.
to create [kri´eIt]— создавать
confusion [kAn´fju:Zn]— путаница, неразбериха
a source [sD:s]— источник
a foreign currency [´fOrIn ,kErAnsi]— иностранная валюта
to prot [´prOfIt]— извлекать выгоду
pros and cons [,prAUz And ´kOnz]— доводы заипротив
to beweighed [… weId]— быть взвешенным
tolaunch [lD:ntS]— начинать, запускать
Answer the questions:
1. Do you often have tovisit other cities orcountries? When did you
make atrip asatourist last? What place did you visit? Which ofthe
trips doyou consider tobe the most interesting? Why? What does
your visiting programme usually include? What doyou like better,
going sightseeing orvisiting museums and theatres inanew place?
Do you try tolearn customs and traditions of the country before
visiting it? What language doyou use when you come toaforeign
country?
2. Is your town popular with tourists? Do foreigners often visit your
place? What are the main tourists’ attractions inyour town? If some
190 ENJOY YOUSELF VISITING NEW PLACES!
tourists came toyour town, what would you recommend them tosee
rst? Would you tell them about your local traditions and customs?
What specic souvenir orgift would you present them with?
3. Why dowe say that tourism has become amodern industry nowa-
days? What are the economic benets from tourism? Does the eco-
nomic life of your town strongly depend on tou rism? How does
tourism inuence the cultural relationships between nations? Did
you have tonotice any di erence inmanners and behaviour ofnon-
residents visiting your place and the local people? Are you tolerant
tothe dierence?
4. What isthe negative side oftourism? Which ofthe factors doyou think
tobe the most serious? Why can sometimes conicts occur between
local people and visitors? What measures would you propose toelimi-
nate the reasons for misunderstanding and possible conicts between
tourists and residents?
Here are some quotations and proverbs about tourism
and tourists:
A man travels the world over insearch ofwhat heneeds,
and returns home tond it. (. Moore)—
Человек может объездить весь свет впоисках того, что
ему нужно, инайти это, вернувшись домой. (Т. Мур)
e world isabook, and those who donot travel, read only
apage. (Augustine St.)—
Мир— это книга, итот, кто непутешествует, прочиты-
вает лишь одну изее страниц. (Августин Блаженный)
A traveller without observation isabird without wings.—
Ненаблюдательный путешественник подобен птице без
крыльев.
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