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Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
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HEALTHY FOOD 291
food advertising [´fu:d ´BdvA,taIzIN]— рекламирование про-
дуктов питания
processed food [´prAUsest…] — продукты, подвергшиеся об-
работке
an advertisement [Ad´vQ:tIsmAnt]— реклама
a dietician [,daIA´tISn]— диетолог
Answer the questions:
1. What factors contribute to ahigher life expectancy? Which of them
doyou consider tobe the most important? Have your eating habits
changed lately? Ifso, inwhat way? What isin your opinion abalanced
diet?
2. What ishealthy food? What substances are vital necessary for every-
body’s life? What products contain the most useful substances? What
products inlarge amounts are harmful for our heath?
3. Doyou use much sugar and salt when you have ameal? Isit dicult
for you tocut down onsugar and salt? What diseases can excessive
consumption ofsugar lead to? Are you asweet tooth?
4. Doyou rely onfood advertising when you choose eating habits? What
diet isappropriate toyou? Do you sometimes consult a dietician for
choosing healthy food? How can you interpret the meaning ofthe
Latin proverb “Edimus utvivamus sed non vivimus utedamus”?
Here are some quotations about eating habits:
You don’t have toeat less, you just have toeat right.
(Author unknown)—
Вам нет необходимости есть меньше, вам просто нужно
правильно питаться. (Автор неизвестен)
292 EATING HABITS
People who love toeat are always the best people. (Julia
Child)—
Тот, кто любит хорошо поесть, всегда оказывается хорошим человеком. (Джулия Чайлд)
e only way tokeep your health isto eat what you don’t
want, drink what you don’t like, and dowhat you’d rather not.
(Mark Twain)—
Единственный способ сохранить здоровье — есть то,
чего не хочется, пить — что не нравится, и делать не то,
кчему душа лежит. (Марк Твен)
It iseasier tochange aman’s religion than tochange his
diet. (Margaret Mead)—
Легче изменить вероисповедание человека, чем его вкусовые предпочтения. (Маргарет Мид)
ere is no sincerer love than the love of food. (George
Bernard Shaw)—
Нет более искренней любви, чем любовь кеде. (Джордж
Бернард Шоу)
Let food bethy medicine and medicine bethy food. (Hippocrates)—
Пусть пища будет вашим лекарством, а лекарство —
пищей. (Гиппократ)
Life expectancy would goby leaps and bounds ifgreen vegetables smelled asgood asbacon. (Doug Larson)—
Продолжительность жизни пошла бы в гору, если
быовощи пахли мясом. (Дуг Ларсон)
Today more than ninety-ve per cent ofall chronic diseases are caused byfood choice, toxic food ingredients, nutritional
deciencies and lack ofphysical exercises. (Mike Adams)—
UNHEALTHY FOOD 293
Сегодня более 90% всех хронических заболеваний вызвано продуктами, которые мыпотребляем, ихтоксическими
ингредиентами, дефицитом питательных веществ, а также
недостатком физической нагрузки. (Майк Адамс)
Vegetables are a must on a diet. I suggest acarrot cake,
zucchini bread, and pumpkin pie. (Jim Davis)—
Овощи должны входить в любую диету. Я бы пошел
еще дальше ипредложил морковный кекс, хлеб изкабачков
итыквенный пирог. (Джим Дэвис)
Food issymbolic oflove when words are inadequate. (Alan
D. Wolfelt)—
Еда может олицетворять собой любовь вситуации, когда неподобрать нужных слов. (Алан Д. Вольфэлт)
Which ofthe quotations doyou agree with?
What recommendations would you choose for yourself ifyou wanted
tochange your eating habits?
How could you interpret the meaning ofthe words “People who love
toeat are always the best people” and “Food issymbolic oflove when
words are inadequate”?
UNHEALTHY FOOD
For the last two decades anew kind of food has appeared
in the cafés and restaurants ofour country and atonce gained
inpopularity, especially with the young and middle-aged generations. is isthe so-called fast orjunk food. Virtually, these two
names denote the same thing emphasising dierent sides of it.
“Fast food” implies that itis made and served very quickly and
294 EATING HABITS
you can take itaway with you. Here the time component isvery
essential. e name “junk food” stresses the quality ofcontents
ofthe food which isheavily rened and processed. at iswhy itis
not rich invitamins and minerals and, though high incalories,
contains many harmful ingredients such asfat and alot ofsugar
and salt. But whatever this food iscalled, itis unhealthy ifconsumed regularly and ingreat amounts.
Why has the food become sopopular? First ofall, because
it is cheap and itis convenient to have it. is iswhat people
want today. en, inour fast-moving world wehave less and less
time tospend eating, tosay nothing about cooking. is isprobably another reason why many people prefer eating junk food
to cooking a meal athome. As a result, our eating habits have
changed due tolack oftime. Moreover, TVadvertising plays avery
important role informing our traditions and habits. Advertisers
impose their own taste and choice onTVviewers byshowing attractive and colourful pictures offoods persuading people tobuy
them. Besides, they emphasise the idea that fast food isappropriate and convenient for businessmen who can appreciate their
own and somebody else’s time. Agood example for those who are
eager toimitate abusinesslike activity!
What exactly isjunk food? First and foremost, itis anything
that ishigh incalories but lacking innutrients. Hamburgers, hot
dogs, crisps, and chocolate bars fall into this category. Pizzas, although they can have vegetable and cheese toppings, can belisted
there too. Asthis food isrich insaturated fat, itis unhealthy because this type offat isassociated with agreater risk ofcancer.
Besides, those who consume the food regularly are prone togain
weight. is isa direct cause ofmany major illnesses, especially
heart disease. Diabetics should becareful with foods which contain alot ofsugar.
UNHEALTHY FOOD 295
However, even eating healthy food may have aharmful effect ifit isconsumed inlarge quantities. For instance, protein
being avery useful substance, inlarge amounts can bereally
dange rous to our health. Moreover, the protein that comes
from con suming animal related foods such as eggs, meat,
and poultry contains saturated fat which can raise cholesterol inthe blood. When this cholesterol accumulates, itforms
plaque inthe arteries that hinders the normal blood flow resulting in heart disease. So, itis re commended tocut down
onconsuming these foods.
Summing up, junk food isnot bad initself, itdepends onhow
much you eat ofthis and whether you eat other things. Ifyour diet
isvaried enough, then there isno problem. Make sure that you
have abalanced diet.
Words and Expressions
to gain inpopularity [´geIn In ´pOpjU,lBrIti]— завоевать попу-
лярность
middle-aged [´mIdl ,eIdZd]— среднего возраста
fast food [´fC:st ,fu:d]— фастфуд
junk food [´dZENk…]— еда всухомятку
contents [´kOntents]— содержимое
to be heavily rened and processed […´hevIli rI´faInd And
´prAUsest]— быть взначительной степени переработан-
ным иочищенным отнекоторых веществ
an ingredient [In´gri:diAnt]— ингредиент, составная часть
convenient [kAn´vi:niAnt]— удобный (для употребления)
296 EATING HABITS
a fast-moving world [´fC:st ,mu:vIN ´wQ:ld]— быстроразвива-
ющийся мир
an advertiser [´BdvA,taIzA]— рекламодатель
to impose smth. onsmb. [Im´pAUz…]— навязывать что-л. ко-
му-л.
a taste [teIst]— вкус (к чему-л.)
a TVviewer [,ti ´vi ´vju:A]— телезритель
to persuade [pA´sweId]— убеждать
exactly [Ig´zBktli]— точно, как раз
rst and foremost [´fQ:st And ´fD:mAUst]— прежде всего, впер-
вую очередь
high incalories [´haI In ´kBlAriz]— высококалорийный
a hot dog— сосиска втесте
crisps [krIsps]— чипсы
a chocolate bar [´tSOklAt ,bC:]— плитка шоколада
a topping [´tOpIN]— начинка
to list— перечислять
saturated fat [´sBtSA,reItId ,fBt]— насыщенный жир
to beprone [… prAUn]— быть склонным (к чему-л.)
a direct cause [dI´rekt; daI´rekt ,kD:z] — непосредственная
причина
a diabetic [,daIA´betIk]— диабетик
in a large quantity [… ´lC:dZ ,kwOntAti]— в большом коли-
честве
animal related foods [´BnImAl rI´leItId ,fu:d]— продукты пи-
тания наживотной основе
UNHEALTHY FOOD 297
to raise cholesterol [´reIz kA´lestArOl]— повышать уровень хо-
лестерола
to accumulate [A´kju:mU,leIt]— накапливаться
a plaque [plBk; plC:k]— бляшка (мед.)
an artery [´C:tAri]— артерия
to hinder [´hIndA]— мешать, препятствовать
a blood ow [´blEd ,flAU]— поток крови
Answer the questions:
1. Why has fast food gained inpopularity with many people inour coun-
try lately? What exactly isfast (or junk) food? What kinds offast food
are especially ingreat demand? Why isit considered unhealthy? What
vital substances isit lacking in? Doyou have toeat atafast-food res-
taurant sometimes?
2. Have your eating habits changed lately? Would you rather eat out in-
stead ofhaving meals athome? What doyou prefer toeat with your
meals - vegetables and fruit and some unsweetened juice or ham-
burgers, pizzas with zzy beverages? Doyou always add salt toyour
food atthe table? Doyou prefer butter toolive oil?
3. How does food advertising inuence your choice? Why are many
people ready tofollow recommendations offood advertisers? Doyou
think advertising isavery successful business?
4. What diseases can eating junk food cause ifconsumed ina large
amount? What other unfavourable results can beexpected inthis
case? What isin your opinion abalanced diet? Isyour diet varied
and balanced? Can you make uparecipe for your favourite vege-
table dish?
298 EATING HABITS
Give “yes” or“no” answer concerning your eating habits.
en, check your score given below for nding out what
kind ofdiet you have:
1. Doyou eat atafast-food restaurant more than once aweek?
2. Doyou oen eat fresh fruit?
3. Doyou eat red meat more than twice aweek?
4. Doyou usually eat large meal before you goto bed?
5. Doyou eat salted snacks (crisps, nuts, etc.) atleast once aday?
6. Doyou have fresh vegetables with your meals less than three
times aweek?
7. Doyou drink zzy beverages more than once aday?
8. Would you rather eat out instead ofat home?
9. Doyou always add salt toyour food atthe table?
10. Doyou prefer butter toolive oil?
Score
8— 10“yes”— avery unhealthy diet. Becareful!
5— 7“yes”— afairly healthy diet
3— 4“yes”— aquite healthy diet
1— 2“yes”— avery healthy diet
VEGETARIANISM
ere are people who are known for their special eating
habits. ey donot eat meat, sh orpoultry and products made
of them. ese people are referred to as vegetarians and their
eating practice iscalled vegetarianism. According tothe surveys,
VEGETARIANISM 299
nearly ve million Americans (more than two per cent ofthe population) follow some form ofavegetarian diet. Basically, there
are two kinds ofthis sort ofpeople: relative vegetarians and absolute ones, orvegans. e former donot eat the body parts (orthe
meat) ofany animal. is includes cows, pigs, chickens, sea animals, and any other animal; but they may still consume dierent
products made ofthem, such as eggs and dairy foods (cheese,
sour cream, etc.). Vegans unlike vegetarians refuse toeat both the
body parts ofthe animals and eggs and dairy foods.
Despite the restriction ofthe diet, the benets ofvegetarianism outweigh the disadvantages. Avegetarian diet mostly contains
potassium and ber which can befound in such food as vegetables and fruit, pulses, and whole grains. Consuming these products which are not caloric provides alow risk ofcardiovascular
disease, lower blood pressure and asaresult alonger life expectancy. Besides, vegetarianism provides a better weight control.
People who follow the eating habits are less likely tobecome obese
incomparison with those who are not vegetarians. Obesity can
cause heart disease, some types ofcancer and type 2diabetes. So,
ingeneral wehave strong arguments infavour ofvegetarianism.
Moreover, a well-planned vegetarian diet can be adequate
inprotein and other essential nutrients. However vitamin B-12
which isof vital importance for people can befound only inanimal-based foods such asmeat, poultry, sh, eggs and dairy products, sothose who follow vegan diets excluding dairy products
and eggs need toobtain vitamin B-12 from supplements.
In addition toall advantages ofvegetarianism, there isone
more benet that consists inthe following: inmany parts ofthe
world living asavegetarian ischeaper than living asameat eater.
Not only does striving for ahealthy life encourage vegetarians
tofollow their eating habits. Bytheir lifestyle they protest against
cruel treatment with animals. ey think killing animals for the
300 EATING HABITS
sake of food causes huge suering to them on a massive scale.
Vegans also refuse tosupport companies that experiment onanimals, exploit them for entertainment orkill them touse their skin
for fur coats, footwear, and gloves.
But what should people who cannot live without delicious
and nutritious meat doin the face ofall these problems?
Words and Expressions
vegetarianism [,vedZA´teAriA,nIzAm]— вегетарианство
a vegetarian [,vedZA´teAriAn]— вегетарианец
relative [´relAtIv]— относительный
a vegan [´vi:gAn]— веган
an animal [´BnIml]— животное
an egg— яйцо
cheese [tSi:z]— сыр
sour cream [´saUA,kri:m]— сметана
caloric [,kBlA´rIfIk]— калорийный
cardiovascular disease [,kC:diAU´vBskjUlA dI´zi:z]— сердечно-
сосудистое заболевание
blood pressure [´blEd ,preSA]— кровяное давление
less likely [´les,laIkli]— менее вероятно
obese [AU´bi:s]— тучный, полный
obesity [AU´bi:sAti]— тучность, полнота
in comparison with smb. [… kAm´pBrIsn…]— в сравнении
скем-л.
adequate [´BdIkwAt]— зд. достаточный
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