Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
.pdf
PRE-SCHOOL AND SCHOOL EDUCATION INRUSSIA 211
natural sciences [´nBtSrAl …]— естественные науки
the humanities [hju:´mBnAtiz]— гуманитарные науки
to take anexamination […Ig,zBmI´neISn]— сдавать экзамен
obligatory [A´blIgAtAri]— обязательный
to pass anexamination [pC:s…]— сдать экзамен
a certicate [sA´tIfIkAt]— аттестат
to state [steIt]— удостоверять, подтверждать
to complete [kAm´pli:t]— завершать
compulsory [kAm´pElsAri]— обязательный
free ofcharge [,fri: Av ´tSC:dZ]— бесплатный
an educational establishment [,edjU´keISnAl I´stBblISmAnt] —
образовательное учреждение
a curriculum (pl. curricular) [kA´rIkjUlAm / kA´rIkUlA] — курс
обучения, программа
to provide for smth. [prA´vaId]— предусматривать что-л.
previous [´pri:viAs]— предыдущий
a discipline [´dIsA,plIn]— предмет, изучаемый вшколе
the Unied State Examination (USE) [´ju:nI,faId ´steIt
Ig,zBmI´neISn]— единый государственный экзамен (ЕГЭ)
as arule [… ru:l]— как правило
a school-leaving ceremony [´sku:l ,li:vIN ´serAmAni]— выпуск-
ной вечер
a special occasion [,speSl A´keIZn]— особое мероприятие
a school-leaving certicate [… sA´tIfIkAt]— аттестат зрелости
a school-leaver [´sku:l ,li:vA]— выпускник
212 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
to congratulate [kAn´grBtjU,leIt]— поздравлять
in turn [.. tQ:n]— всвою очередь
to express gratitude [Ik´spres ´grBtI,tju:d]— выражать благо-
дарность
to present smb. with smth. [prI´zent…] — преподносить
кому-л. что-л.
Answer the questions:
1. What isthe main function ofcrèches inour country? Why doparents
ingeneral prefer bringing uptheir babies and little children athome?
Why isit necessary for children upto the age ofsix toattend a kin-
dergarten? What knowledge and skills dothey acquire there? Did you
have toattend akindergarten when you were achild? What isyour
impression ofthose days?
2. Isschool education inour country compulsory? Isit free ofcharge?
Up to what age can our schoolchildren stay at school? Did you
leave school after the ninth form ordid you stay atschool for two
more years? What isyour opinion ofintroducing atuition fee atour
schools?
3. Do you remember your first day at the primary school and your
first teacher? What was your favourite subject then? When did you
begin learning English? What subjects were more interesting for
you, exact ones orthe humanities? Did you like physical education
classes?
4. Was iteasy for you toget along with your classmates? Did you have
a close friend at school? What was your hobby atschool? Did you
have totake part inany extracurricular activity? How did you usually
spend your holidays? Did you miss your school friends when you were
onholiday?
PRE-SCHOOL AND SCHOOL EDUCATION INRUSSIA 213
5. Who helped you torevise for the common state examinations? What
were the subjects that you had tochoose for the exams? Did you have
any classes with private teachers? Ifso, what subjects did they help
you in?
6. Was any school-leaving party arranged after the nal examinations
atyour school? Doyou remember it? Was itaspecial occasion for you?
Why? Did you intend toapply to the University after nishing a sec-
ondary school? What University and what department? Are you still
astudent ordid you graduate from the University?
Here are some proverbs, sayings and quotations about
learning and education:
It isnever late tolearn.—
Учиться никогда непоздно.
If you are not willing tolearn, noone can help you; ifyou
are determined tolearn, noone can stop you.—
Если ты не желаешь учиться, никто тебе не поможет.
Ноесли тырешил учиться, никто тебя неостановит.
Learn tocreep before you leap.—
Чтобы научиться скакать, нужно сначала научиться ползать. / Всему свое время.
Live and learn.—
Век живи— век учись.
Like teachers, like pupils.—
Каков учитель, таков иученик. / Каков поп, таков иприход.
It isGreek tome.—
Это для меня китайская грамота.
214 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
To know everything isto know nothing.—
Знать всё— это значит, ничего незнать.
A child without education islike abird without wings.—
Ребенок без образования— это все равно что птица без
крыльев.
People are beginning tobe overeducated; at least every-
body who isincapable oflearning has taken toteaching. (Oscar
Wilde)—
Люди недооценивают образование. Нередко всякий, кто
неспособен к обучению, берется за преподавание. (Оскар
Уайльд)
Educating the mind without educating the heart isno edu-
cation atall. (Aristotle)—
Образование, совершенствующее ум, ноне развивающее
душу, неесть образование. (Аристотель)
What proverb or quotation would you choose as a motto
ofyour life?
How could you interpret the meaning ofthe proverb “To know
everything isto know nothing”?
A SCHOOL UNIFORM: PROS AND CONS
ere isno strict tradition relating towearing aschool uniform inour country. Insome schools uniforms are compulsory,
inothers— facultative ordesirable. For instance, inmilitary colleges cadets have towear auniform without any exception. However, lately inmass media, teachers and parents’ opinions onin-
A SCHOOL UNIFORM: PROS AND CONS 215
troducing a school uniform into all educational establishments
are expressed louder and more persistently.
ough sometimes schoolchildren dressed in a uniform
(mainly those who attend aprimary school) can beseen, these
uniforms are not universal. Each school introduces their own
pattern in the way of style, colour and fashion. In most cases itis atwo-piece suit with askirt for girls and trousers and
awhite shirt for boys. e preferable colour ofthe suit isblack
ordeep blue.
In our society there is no unanimous opinion on wearing
a school uniform. Some nd many advantages of it, others
do not support the idea. e arguments in favour of introduction ofauniform are asfollows. is gives the schoolchildren the
feeling of being equal because those whose parents cannot aord
tobuy nice, fashionable clothes look the same aseveryone else and
sodo not feel confused and inferior. Itmeans that the pupils have
a common identity. Besides, if everybody wears the same type
ofclothes inmatching colours and styles, then they tend tolook
smart when they are all together. e positive attitude towearing
aschool uniform istypical mainly for adults.
On the contrary, schoolchildren do not like uniforms for
anumber ofreasons. First ofall because ofthe fact that you have
towear the clothes even ifthe things donot suit you. en, the
uniforms oen have such horrible colours and styles, and you
donot get any choice. Moreover, when you have towear the same
clothes asanyone else, you donot have achance todevelop personal taste inthe way you dress. However, there are some adults
who donot agree with school uniforms either, because they cost
alot, especially for the families with many children.
It is quite evident that some serious problems should
besolved inthe society before the concept ofwearing aschool
uniform could beaccepted bythe majority ofpeople.
216 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
Words and Expressions
a school uniform […´ju:nI,fD:m]— школьная форма
strict [strIct]— строгий, жесткий
relating tosmth. [rI´leItIN…]— относительно чего-л.
facultative [´fBkAltAtIv]— факультативный, необязательный
desirable [dI´zaIrAbl]— желательный
a cadet [kA,det]— кадет, курсант военного училища
without any exception [wIG,aUt ´BnI Ik´sepSn]— без всякого
исключения
to introduce [,IntrA´dju:s]— вводить, внедрять
persistently [pA´sIstAntli]— настойчиво
a pattern [´pBtAn]— образец, модель
in the way ofsmth. [… ´ weI Av…]— почасти (в отношении)
чего-л.
a two-piece suit [´tu: ,pi:s ,su:t]— костюм
a skirt [skQ:t]— юбка
trousers [´traUzAz]— брюки
a shirt [SQ:t]— рубашка
preferable [´prefArAbl]— предпочтительный
unanimous [ju:´nBnImAs]— единодушный
to support [sA´pD:t]— поддерживать
in favour ofsmth. [… feIvA…]— впользу чего-л.
as follows [Az ´fOlAUz]— следующий
equal [´i:kwAl]— равный
to aord [A´fD:d]— позволить себе, быть всостоянии
inferior [In´fIAriA]— униженный
A SCHOOL UNIFORM: PROS AND CONS 217
to have acommon identity […´kOmAn aI,dentIti]— зд. нахо-
диться водинаковом положении
matching colours and styles [´mBtSIN ´kElAz And ,staIlz]— соот-
ветствующего цвета ифасона
to tend tolook smart [´tend tA ´lUk ,smC:t]— зд. обычно выгля-
деть нарядными
an adult [´BdElt; A´dElt]— взрослый
for anumber ofreasons […´nEmbAr Av ´ri:znz]— поряду причин
to suit smb. [su:t…]— устраивать кого-л., быть подходящим
horrible [´hOrAbl]— ужасный, отвратительный
to develop apersonal taste [dI´velAp A ´pQ:snAl ,teIst]— разви-
вать собственный вкус
to agree with smth. [A´gri:…]— зд. одобрять что-л.
either [´aIGA]— тоже не
to solve aproblem [´sOlv A ,problem]— решать проблему
to beaccepted [… Ak´septId]— быть принятым
the majority [mA´dZOrAti]— большинство
Answer the questions:
1. Iswearing aschool uniform inour country compulsory ingeneral?
Inwhat educational establishments dostudents have towear auni-
form? Did you have towear itwhen you went toschool? What did
your school uniform look like (the style, fashion and colour)? Did you
like it?
2. Is our society unanimous with regard to introducing a uniform into
schools? Who ismostly for introduction ofit? Who isagainst ingene-
218 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
ral? Are you for wearing auniform inschools oragainst it? What are
your arguments?
3. What are the advantages ofwearing aschool uniform for pupils and
their parents? What advantages do teachers nd in it? What are the
most disadvantages for every participant ofthe situation?
4. Ifaschool uniform became compulsory, what style, fashion and colour
would you suggest? Ifsome families for instance those with many chil-
dren cannot aord tobuy auniform, what measures will you propose
for making the price acceptable?
Here are some collocations with the verbs towear and
todress which will help you dierentiate between their
meanings:
A. 1)towear (wore, worn)— носить
to wear clothes (a coat, asuit, a jacket, ashirt, ablouse,
jeans etc.)— носить одежду (пальто, костюм, жакет /
пиджак, рубашку, блузку, джинсы ит.д.)
to wear one’s hair short (long)— иметь короткую стрижку (иметь длинные волосы)
to wear glasses— носить очки
to wear perfume (toilet water)— использовать духи / ду-
шиться, использовать туалетную воду
to wear make-up— наносить макияж
to wear anexpression— иметь определенное выражение
лица
to wear ahole ormark insmth.— иметь дырку или пятно
начем-л.
A SCHOOL UNIFORM: PROS AND CONS 219
2)smth. wears— какая-л. вещь изнашивается
smth. wears well— вещь вхорошем состоянии, несмотря
нато, что носится долго
smb. wears well— человек выглядит хорошо, хотя ине-
молод
B. todress— надевать одежду насебя (одеваться)
to dress smb.— надевать одежду накого-л. другого (оде-
вать кого-л.)
to dress insmth. / as— одеваться по-особенному
to dress for smth.— одеваться вочто-л., подходящее для
особого случая
Translate the following sentences:
1. Usually she wears jeans and T-shirt but today she dresses
inalong dark skirt and afashionable blouse.
2. She looks upset: she doesn’t have anything towear toher job
interview.
3. ough she was not wearing any make-up, she looked won-
derful.
4. Hehas towear glasses now and helooks respectable.
5. Some years ago itwas fashionable for men towear their hair
long but now they tend towear itshort.
6. Aer this awkward scene everybody present wore apuzzled
facial expression.
7. His shoes were wearing atthe heel.
8. e celebrity was atleast y but she had worn well.
220 THE SYSTEM OFEDUCATION INRUSSIA
9. She was in ahurry so it took her only ten minutes totake
ashower and dress.
10. e family hired anew nanny whose duty was towash the
children and dress them for school.
11. Mysister tends todress inclothes ofsport style and light colours.
12. e children decided todress asclowns for the carnival.
13. is is atradition in their family todress for dinner every
night.
THE MODERN SYSTEM OFHIGHER EDUCATION
INRUSSIA: THREE LEVELS
e system ofhigher education inRussia has changed greatly
for the last decades. is was caused bythe necessity tounify the
whole education system within the European area, which inturn
was motivated bythe extension ofinternational relationships and
cooperation. More and more students nowadays goabroad tocontinue their education orto acquire practical skills and qualications indierent professional spheres. Many ofthem have toapply toemployment agencies for ajob. Onthe other hand, alot
offoreign students and professional workers come toour country
for further education. So, all the circumstances make the unied
system ofeducation and degrees necessary tofacilitate this international exchange.
In view of the above, the Bologna Declaration “e Joint
Declaration ofthe European Ministers ofEducation” was adopted
inBologna, Italy, onthe 19
ing document ofthe Bologna process that was signed by29countries. Four years later, in2003, Russia joined the countries which
th
ofJune 1999. Itwas the main guid-
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]