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Файл:Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие
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CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE 271
Here are some proverbs about health and medicine:
Good health isabove wealth. / Health isbetter than wealth.
/ Wealth isnothing without health.—
Здоровье превыше богатства.
Sleep isbetter than medicine.—
Сон лечит лучше любого лекарства.
Laughter isthe best medicine.—
Смех— лучшее лекарство.
An apple aday keeps the doctor away.—
Кто яблоко вдень съедает, утого доктор небывает.
He who lives by medical prescriptions lives miserably
(horribly).—
Тот, кто живет на лекарствах, проживает ужасную
жизнь.
Prevention isbetter than cure.—
Легче предупредить, чем вылечить.
Time, not medicine, cures the sick.—
Время лечит больных, нелекарство.
ere isno medicine tocure hatred.—
Ненависть неизлечить никакими лекарствами.
e rich have medicines, the poor have health.—
Богатым— лекарства, абедным— здоровье.
Death isthe grand leveler.—
Все равны перед лицом смерти.
272 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE
Do you agree that sleep and laughter are the best doctors?
Which proverb would you choose asamotto for your life?
How could you interpret the meaning ofthe proverb “Time, not
medicine, cures the sick”?
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Alternative medicine is sometimes called natural and this
name emphasises the main dierence between the two bran ches
of medicine — conventional and alternative. e former uses
drugs prepared onthe chemical basis while the latter practises
remedies made ofherbs and plants ororganic products. Besides,
their methods ofdiagnosing diseases aswell asmedical examination are dierent. However both agree that apatient’s personality and lifestyle aect their physical and emotional health. ey
also recognise that diet and exercise gohand inhand in keeping
healthy. Nevertheless for the time being conventional doctors have won the competition. But some ofthem are beginning
torecognise that there isalot oftruth inthe alternative ideas and
believe that natural medicine can beavaluable aid. Others still
regard itas adangerous threat totheir profession; moreover most
doctors ignore any results ofalternative medicine.
In spite ofthe apparent achievements ofconventional medicine, there are still illnesses that are incurable— doctors can treat
but cannot cure them. is makes patients resort tothe help ofalternative medicine. e use ofnatural medical techniques isnot
anew phenomenon. ey have very deep roots. Some ofthe methods were practised many centuries ago. roughout recorded
history people used herbs and plants asmedical remedies and
coped with alot ofdiseases.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 273
Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese method. e origins
ofthis therapy have been traced back over ve thousand years,
but itonly began tobe used inthe West inthe 1970s. Using this
technique illnesses are treated byinserting needles into particular parts ofthe body. is procedure restores the natural balance
ofenergy which is disturbed when aperson is ill. Acupuncture
isstill avery popular and successful form oftherapy.
Another alternative method ishomeopathy. e popularity
ofthe method can beproved bythe fact that there exist special
homeopathic chemist’s shops and clinics. Homeopathy isa way
oftreating diseases bygiving patients small amounts ofnatural
substances that inlarge amounts will cause the illness.
In treating some psychiatric disorders hypnosis has been successfully used since early times. With this method people are put
into avery relaxed state inwhich they seem tobe sleeping but can
still react tosomeone else’s suggestions.
Along with the patient’s body alternative medicine tries toinuence his emotional state. is approach isknown asaholistic
treatment which iscalled sobecause itheals someone’s mind, body,
and spirit atthe same time. For that, other kinds oftreatment are
practised, for example music therapy and aromatherapy. However
there isan undisputed rule inmedicine: you must not apply one
and the same method toall patients. Every person requires individual care and there isno single approach that can meet every
patient’s health needs.
Alternative medicine has alot ofadvantages. Firstly, its medication issafer than many drugs prescribed byconventional doctors
since alternative doctors use natural substances. Secondly, some
methods are more eective than those of conventional medicine.
For example, hypnotherapy helps many people who suer from insomnia ordrug addiction, and homeopathy iscapable tocure some
functional disturbances. irdly, the alternative remedies have fewer
274 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE
side eects. e skeptical attitude toalternative medicine ismotivated bythe fact that the methods are not scientically grounded.
It isworth mentioning one more kind ofmedicine. Some approaches like meditation, yoga, and massage therapy are known
as complementary medicine because they complement conventional medical treatment. Both alternative and complementary
branches ofmedicine use the same remedies for treatment. e
dierence isthat the former isoen used instead ofconventional
medical techniques whereas the latter does not replace conventional methods but itis used inaddition tothem.
Words and Expressions
a remedy [´remAdi]— средство отболезни, лекарство
an examination [Ig,zBmI´neISn]— осмотр, обследование
exercise [´eksA,saIz] — физические нагрузки, подвижный
образ жизни
to win acompetition [´wIn A ´kOmpA,tISn]— выигрывать со-
ревнование
a valuable aid [´vBljUbl ,eId]— ценная (полезная) помощь
a dangerous threat [´deIndZArAs ,Fret]— опасная угроза
incurable [In´kjUArAbl]— неизлечимый
to treat [tri:t]— лечить
to cure [kjUA]— вылечивать, исцелять
to resort tosmth. [rI´zD:t…]— прибегать (обращаться запо-
мощью) кчему-л.
a phenomenon [fA´nOmInAn]— феномен, явление
deep roots [´di:p ,ru:ts]— глубокие корни
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 275
throughout recorded history [Fru:,aUt rI´kD:dId ,hIstAri] —
посвидетельствам истории
a herb [hQ:b]— трава, растение (особ. лекарственные)
to cope with smth. [kAUp…]— справляться счем-л.
acupuncture [,BkjU´pENktSA] — акупунктура, иглоукалыва-
ние, иглотерапия
to trace [treIs]— отслеживать
to insert needles [In´sQ:t ,ni:dlz]— вставлять иголки
to bedisturbed [… dI´stQ:bd]— нарушаться
homeopathy [hAUmi´OpAFi]— гомеопатия
to prove [pru:v]— доказывать
a chemist’s shop [´kemIsts ,SOp]— аптека
an amount [A´maUnt]— количество
a natural substance [´nBtSArAl ,sEbstAns]— природное вещество
a psychiatric disorder [,saIki´BtrIk dIs´D:dA] — психическое
расстройство
hypnosis [hIp´nAUsIs]— гипноз
a suggestion [sE´dZestSAn]— внушение
holistic [hAU´lIstIk]— холистский, целостный
to heal [hi:l]— излечивать, исцелять
aromatherapy [A,rAUmA´FerApi]— ароматерапия
medication [,medI´keISn]— медикаменты, лекарство
to prescribe [prI´skraIb]— прописывать (лекарство)
insomnia [In´sOmniA]— бессонница
drug addiction [´drEg A´dIkSn]— наркозависимость
a functional disturbance [,fENkSnAl dI´stQ:bAns] — функцио-
нальное расстройство
276 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE
a side eect [´saId I´fekt]— побочный эффект
an attitude [´BtI,tju:d]— отношение (к чему-л.)
to begrounded [… ´graUndId]— быть обоснованным
it isworth mentioning [… ´wQ:F ,menSnIN]— стоит упомянуть
a massage therapy [´mBsC:Z ,FerApi]— массаж в лечебных целях
complementary medicine [,kOmplI´mentAri ,medsn]— компле-
ментарная (дополняющая) медицина
to complement [´kOmplI,ment]— дополнять
Answer the questions:
1. Why isalternative medicine referred toas natural? Does ithave along
history oris itacomparatively new pheno menon? Why doalternative
doctors think that there isno use totreat only illnesses ignoring apa-
tient’s emotions and lifestyle? What reasons cause people toresort
tothe help ofalternative medicine?
2. What forms ofalternative medicine do you know? Have you tried
one ofthem? What was the result ofthis treatment? What isacu-
puncture? What method oftreatment isused inhomeopathy? Have
you ever bought any drugs inahomeopathic chemist’s shop? What
alternative form issuccessfully used intreatment ofsome psychiat-
ric disorders?
3. Why is the alternative approach to treating patients called a holis-
tic treatment? What kind of medicine, conventional or alternative,
stands for anindividual approach toapatient’s health? What are the
advantages ofalternative medicine? Do you believe that alternative
medicine can besuccessful? What isthe reason for ignoring this form
ofmedicine bysome conventional doctors?
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 277
4. What kind ofmedicine iscomplementary medicine? Why isit called
so? What doalternative medicine and complementary medicine have
incommon? What isthe dierence between them?
Here are some quotations about physicians, patients and
treatment:
e desire totake medicine isperhaps the greatest feature
which distinguishes man from animals. (Sir William Osler)—
Стремление принимать лекарство— это, повсей веро-
ятности, первое, что отличает человека отживотного. (Сэр
Уильям Ослер)
One ofthe rst duties of the physician isto educate the
masses not totake medicine. (Sir William Osler)—
Одна изважнейших обязанностей врача— убеждать про-
стых людей неувлекаться лекарствами. (Сэр Уильям Ослер)
e greatest mistake inthe treatment of diseases is that
there are physicians for the body and physicians for the soul,
although the two cannot beseparated. (Plato)—
Самое большое заблуждение при лечении заболеваний
заключается втом, что одни доктора лечат тело, адругие—
душу, тоесть то, что неделимо. (Платон)
Walking isaman’s best medicine. (Hippocrates)—
Движение— лучшее лекарство. / Вдвижении— жизнь.
(Гиппократ)
Drugs are not always necessary. Belief inrecovery is. (Norman Cousins)—
Лекарства не всегда необходимы, авера ввыздоровление— всегда. (Норманн Кузенс)
278 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE
Diagnosis is not the end, but the beginning of practice.
(Martin H. Fischer)—
Диагноз это неконец, атолько начало лечения. (Мартин
Г. Фишер)
e patient does not care about your science; what hewants
toknow iscan you cure him? (Martin H. Fischer)—
Пациенту нет дела до вашей науки. Всё, что он хочет
знать, это сможете ливы его вылечить. (Мартин Х. Фишер)
e best cure for the body is a quiet mind. (Napoleon
Bonaparte)—
Лучшим средством для лечения тела является спокой-
ный рассудок. (Наполеон Бонапарт)
As ittakes two tomake aquarrel, soit takes two tomake
adisease, the microbe and its host. (Charles V. Chapin)—
Как и для ссоры, где как минимум необходимы два
участника, так идля того, чтобы вызвать заболевание, нужны двое— микроб иего носитель. (Чарльз В. Чапин)
e doctor offuture will give nomedicine but will interest
his patients inthe care ofthe human frame, indiet and inthe
cause and prevention ofdisease. (omas Edison)—
В будущем врач небудет лечить пациента медикаментами. Он будет нацеливать его на заботу о собственном
теле идиете, атакже напрофилактику заболевания. (То мас
Эдисон)
Which ofthe quotations doyou think is the most topical for our
time?
How could you interpret the quotation from Napoleon Bonaparte’s
speech “e best cure for the body isquiet mind”?
CHARITY INRUSSIA 279
CHARITY INRUSSIA
e living standard ofpeople inevery society isdetermined
not only byits technological and cultural achievements, by the
GDP orlife expectancy but also bythe philanthropic attitude towards those who are socially and economically disadvantaged.
e more civilised the society isthe greater protection isprovided
for the poor, the disabled orthe unemployed. ough the main
responsibility for providing the assistance lies with the government, alot ofnon-governmental organisations are involved inthe
activity. ese are mainly charitable societies and funds that oer
nancial orother support for those who need it.
Charity dates back tothe medieval period. Until the 18
tury it was generally distributed through churches, almshouses
orbequeathed from the rich. In the 19
th
century in Russia this
philanthropic activity got the name ofmetsenatstvo that means
patronage. Ametsenat (a patron) isaperson who helps develop
sciences and arts donating his own money and possessions without any compensation. e term originates from the name ofthe
ancient Roman state gure and writer, the patron ofarts Gaius
Cilnius Maecenas. Donation was carried out bythe best representatives ofthe Russian society, mainly noblemen and entrepreneurs who really worried about the fate oftheir Fatherland. ey
donated their money and property tolocal charities. eir names
are well-known in Russia as well as in the whole world. Pavel
Tretyakov, Savva Mamontov, Savva Morozov donated generously
tocharities and patronised arts. Sometimes the whole dynasties
participated incharitable deeds: the Stroganovs, the Golytsins, the
Demidovs, and soon.
e 19
th
century was marked with somany philanthropists
inRussia that itgot the name “the gold age ofcharity”. Here are
just afew facts. In1802 the Golytsins opened ahospital for the
th
cen-
280 MEDICINE, HEALTH AND CHARITABLE ASSISTANCE
poor inMoscow for the money bequeathed bythe prince Dmitry Golytsin. Savva Morozov contributed tothe foundation ofthe
Moscow Art eatre; whereas Savva Mamontov took part inthe
foundation of the Moscow private Russian Opera that got his
name. e Tretyakovs brothers were the founders ofthe picture
gallery, now the world famous Tretyakov gallery whose rst exhibits were taken from the private collection ofpaintings that belonged tothe Tretyakovs.
At the present time the character of charity has greatly changed. We do not speak about philanthropic individuals
any more— the whole charitable organisations and funds have
emerged in our country. ey raise money or other donations
from volunteers to help people who are poor, ill, or need support. Nowadays charities cover abroad range ofmissions and can
begrouped according tospecial directions: the health charity, the
education charity, the animal charity, the environmental cha rity,
the arts and culture charity, and some others.
e activity ofvarious health charities isconnected with supporting and treating the sick and disabled, working oncures for
diseases, and promoting public awareness ofspecic health risks.
Education charities serve schoolchildren and students from every
age group from pre-school tohigh school education and beyond.
eir volunteers take anactive part inintroducing experimental
education and modern reforms; they also provide anancial aid
for students and teachers.
Animal charities are carried out bysome distinct organisations such asWildlife Conservation Organisations, Pet and Animal Welfare Organisations, Hunting and Fishing Conservation
Groups, and some others. e aim ofenvironmental charities isto
promote preservation and sustainable development for the environment. And nally, arts and cultural charities focus onpreserving national artistic and cultural heritage.
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