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FEDERAL HOLIDAYS INTHE USA 161
e two most joyous times ofthe year are Christmas morn-
ing and the end ofschool. (Alice Cooper)—
Два самых счастливых времени года— это рождествен-
ское утро иконец учебного года. (Элис Купер)
Which ofthe quotations doyou think are the cleverest orthe funniest orthe most patriotic?
In what quotation does the author use wordplay? What eect does
heachieve bythis? Can you interpret the meaning ofthe phrase?
What does the author ofthe quotation about Valentine’s Day mean
when hespeaks about commercialism ofthe holiday?
Why are Christmas morning and the end ofschool the most joyous
times according tothe author ofthe last quotation?

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
OUR PLANET— OUR HOME
Our Planet isour home, and onus, people, itdepends whether life onit will exist ordisappear. So, environmental protection
isone ofthe main issues ofthe present time. ere are many phenomena that threaten our nature environment: global warming,
acid rain, air and water pollution are among the most serious ones.
ese factors cause other problems, such asthe greenhouse eect,
damage tothe ozone layer, deforestation, and extinction ofsome
animal and plant species.
It should be noted that the most essential environmental
problems are connected with technological progress. For example, the number ofprivate cars has greatly increased, which aects
air and water pollution. People have also become too dependent
ontheir cars; they should try tocycle orwalk for shorter journeys.
Toreduce pollution motor cars that consume petrol and pollute
atmosphere should be banned. Instead, solar energy orelectric
cars could beused. Pollution isalso increasing due tofactories
pumping out enormous amount ofsmoke inorder tosupply the
growing demand for electricity. Itwould help ifpeople cut down
onelectricity byswitching o the light when itis not necessary.
Ifeverybody can make asmall contribution, itwill make abig difference inthe end. Emissions from industrial plants, such assulphur, can also enter the atmosphere, where they can cause damage tothe ozone layer around the planet. ey may also fall back
toearth asacid rain and destroy plants and trees.

OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 163
Industrial orchemical waste products known astoxic wastes
are harmful to the environment. If these are buried in underground storage sites, there isthe danger that they may leach into
rivers and lakes with serious eects onliving organism. Sothe city
authorities should take steps toreduce the harmful eect.
Rubbish, a product of people’s everyday activity, presents
another problem. Regularly, people buy alot ofconsumer goods
and foodstus. Asaresult they have tothrow away many plastic
bags, bottles, boxes, shampoo containers, etc. ese large amounts
ofwaste are taken tothe dumps, usually outside atown. Not only
dothese useless things litter the place, but also pollute the atmosphere. According to research, the average household produces
literally tons ofwaste per month, alot ofwhich consists ofplastic
packaging, which isnot biodegradable. All these things aswell asthe
old cars and newspapers could berecycled, which would change the
situation for the better. Recycling isgood because itmeans that fewer supplies are wasted, especially paper, whose production destroys
trees. Besides, making plastic infactories produces harmful gases,
soby recycling plastic bags and containers wehelp tokeep pollution level low. Pollution from factories in turn will lead toacid rain
which will mean less oxygen being produced bytrees.
It isalso important toclean upthe rubbish from water basins — lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. e problem is caused
byahuman factor aswell asby the obsolete equipment ofindustrial enterprises. e dangerous oil spills from big ships are killing
somuch wildlife.
Nowadays environmental issues can be solved globally,
byajoint eort ofall nations ofthe world because changes inthe
environment have adirect impact onthe whole planet. ough
itis the government’s responsibility totake measures for protecting environment, everybody should be aware ofthe problem itself. Only then will our home and the whole planet becleaner and
safer for future generation.

164 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Words and Expressions
to disappear [,dIsA´pIA]— исчезать
environmental protection [In,vaIrAn´mentl prA´tekSn]— защи-
та окружающей среды
an issue [´ISu:;´Isju:]— проблема
a phenomenon (. . phenomena) [ fA´nOmInAn]— явление
to threaten [´Fretn]— угрожать
global warming [´glAUbl ,wD:mIN]— глобальное потепление
acid rain [´BsId ,reIn]— кислотный дождь
pollution [pA´lu:Sn]— загрязнение (окружающей среды)
a greenhouse eect [´gri:n,haUs I´fekt]— парниковый эффект
damage [´dBmIdZ]— повреждение
the ozone layer [´AU,zAUn ,leIA]— озоновый слой
deforestation [ di:,fOrI´steISn]— обезлесивание, исчезновение
лесов
extinction [Ik´stINkSn]— вымирание рода, живых организмов
a plant [plC:nt]— растение
a species [´spi:Si:z] — вид, род (биол.)
to badly aect smth. [,bBdli A´fekt…]— сильно способство-
вать чему-л.
to become dependent onsmth. [… dI´pendAnt…]— становить-
ся зависимым отчего-л.
for ashorter journey [… ´SD:tA ,dZQ:ni]— наблизкое расстояние
to reduce [rI´dju:s]— снижать, сокращать
to consume petrol [kAn,sju:m ´petrAl]— потреблять (использо-
вать) бензин

OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 165
to ban— запрещать
solar energy [,sAUlA ´enAdZi]— солнечная энергия
to pump out [´pEmp ,aUt]— испускать, выбрасывать
enormous amount [I´nD:mAs A´maUnt]— огромное количе-
ство
in order tosupply the growing demand [… sA´plaI GA ,grAUIN
dI´mC:nd] — для того чтобы удовлетворить растущий
спрос
to cut down onsmth.— сокращать потребление чего-л.
to switch o [,swItS ´Of] — выключать (ток, электроприбор)
to make acontribution […,kOntrI´bju:Sn]— вносить вклад
to make abig dierence […´dIfrAns]— сильно изменять клуч-
шему
emission [I´mISn]— выделение, испускание
an industrial plant [In´dEstriAl ,plC:nt]— завод
sulphur [´sElfA]— сера
to fall back toearth [´fD:l ,bBk tA ,Q:F]— возвращаться наземлю
to destroy [dI´strDI]— разрушать
waste products [,weIst ´prOdEkts]— продукты отходов
harmful [´hC:mfl]— вредный
to bury [beri]— хоронить, закапывать
a storage site [´strD:rIdZ ,saIt]— хранилище
danger [´deIndZA]— опасность
to leach into smth. [li: tS…]— вымываться через почву ипо-
падать вочто-л.
rubbish [´rEbIS]— мусор

166 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
to present [prI´zent]— представлять собой
consumer goods [kAn´sju:mA ,gUdz]— потребительские товары
a foodstu [´fu:d,stEf]— продукт питания
to throw away [´FrAU A,weI]— выбрасывать
a dump [ dEmp]— свалка
to litter [´lItA]— загрязнять, засорять
an average household [,BvArIdZ ´haUs,hAUld]— средняя семья
literally [´lItArAli]— буквально
to consist ofsmth. [kAn´sIst…]— состоять изчего-л.
packaging [´pBkIdZIN]— упаковка
biodegradable [,baIAUdI´greIdAbl]— биологически разлагаю-
щийся
to recycle [ri:´saIkl]— подвергать вторичной переработке
in one’s turn […, wEnz ´tQ:n]— всвою очередь
oxygen [´OksIdZAn]— кислород
to clean up[,kli:n ´Ep]— очищать
a water basin [´wD:tA ,beIsn]— водный бассейн
a human factor [´hju:mAn ,fBktA]— человеческий фактор
obsolete equipment [´ObsA,li:t I,kwIpmAnt]— устаревшее (из-
ношенное) оборудование
an enterprise [´entA,praIz]— предприятие
oil spills [´DIl ,spIlz]— разлив нефти (в водных бассейнах)
wildlife [´waIld,laIf]— живые организмы, обитающие ввод-
ных бассейнах
to solve [sOlv]— решать

OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 167
a joint eort [,dZDInt ´efAt]— совместное усилие
to protect [prA´tekt]— защищать
to beaware ofsmth. […A´weA…]— осознавать что-л.
safer [´seIfA]— более безопасный
Answer the questions:
1. What natural phenomena are caused by environmental changes?
What problem connected with worsening the environment is the
most typical for big cities? What isair pollution resulted from? What
contribution can people make toreduction ofthe air pollution level?
What cars are inyour opinion environmentally friendly?
2. What does the negative role of technological progress in relation
tothe environment consist in? How can air and water pollution threa-
ten toextinction ofsome animal and plant species? What isthe fate
ofthe species registered inthe Red List?
3. Why isthe toxic wastes storage harmful tothe environment? Why are
glass and plastic containers thrown away sodangerous? How can the
problem ofrubbish be solved? What are the positive consequences
ofrecycling?
4. What causes water basins pollution? Which reasons are resulted from
the technological progress and which are the consequences ofthe hu-
man factor? What isthe most serious environmental problem for the
region where you live? Why can these problems besolved only glob-
ally but not just byone separate country?
5. How environmentally aware are you? When you eat achocolate bar
inthe street, what doyou dowith the wrapper: drop iton the pave-
ment orput itin alitter bin? When you clean your teeth, doyou turn
the tap ononly when you need water ordo you leave the tap running
until you have nished cleaning?

168 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Here are some quotations about conservation ofnature:
Sooner orlater, wewill have torecognise that the Earth
has rights, too, tolive without pollution. What mankind must
know isthat human beings cannot live without Mother Earth,
but the planet can live without humans. (Evo Morales)—
Рано или поздно нам придется признать, что наша планета Земля неможет существовать вусловиях загрязнения.
Люди должны осознать, что человечество не сможет прожить без Матери-Земли, вто время как она без нас вполне
обойдется. (Эво Моралес)
e future will either begreen ornot atall. (Robert James
Brown (Bob Brown)—
Будущее нашей планеты немыслимо без лесов ипрочих
зеленых насаждений. Если этого небудет, тоне будет иникакого будущего. (Роберт Джеймс Браун)
Environmental pollution is an incurable disease. It can
only beprevented. (Barry Commoner)—
Загрязнение окружающей среды сродни неизлечимой
болезни, которую все жеможно предотвратить. (Барри Ком-
монер)
e only way forward, ifwe are going toimprove the quality ofthe environment, isto get everybody involved. (Richard
Rogers)—
Единственный способ спасти окружающую среду заключается в том, чтобы каждый осознал проблему и внес
свой посильный вклад вее решение. (Ричард Роджерс)
Riding a bicycle is the summit of human endeavour —
analmost neutral environmental eect coupled with the ability totravel substantial distances without disturbing anybody.

OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 169
e bike is the perfect marriage of technology and human
energy. (Jeremy Corbyn)—
Велосипед— это вершина человеческого изобретения:
никакого вредного воздействия наокружающую среду всочетании с возможностью поездок на большие расстояния.
Этот вид транспорта представляет собой удачное соединение технических возможностей иэнергии человека. (Джере-
ми Корбин)
We are running the most dangerous experiment inhistory
right now, which isto see how much carbon dioxide the atmosphere… can handle before there isan environmental catastrophe. (Elon Musk)—
Именно сейчас мы проводим самый опасный за всю
историю человечества эксперимент, пытаясь определить
предел содержания углекислого газа ватмосфере, врезультате чего неизбежен природный катаклизм. (Илон Маск)
e environment iseverything that isn’t me. (Albert Einstein)—
Окружающая среда— это всё, кроме меня самого. (Альберт Эйн штейн)
e time isright for electric cars— infact the time iscritical. (Carlos Ghosn)—
Наступило время для внедрения вэксплуатацию автомобилей, работающих наэлектричестве, хотя справедливее
было бысказать, что мысэтим опоздали. (Карлос Гон)
Sadly, it’s much easier to create a desert than a forest.
(James Lovelock)—
К сожалению, вырастить лес гораздо труднее, чем создать пустыню. (Джеймс Лавлок)

170 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Mankind has probably done more damage to the Earth
inthe 20
th
century than inall ofthe previous history. (Jacques-
Yves Cousteau)—
th
В 20
веке человечество, совсей очевидностью, причи-
нило гораздо больший ущерб планете Земля, чем завсю предыдущую историю существования. (Жак-Ив Кусто)
Which ofthe quotations doyou consider the most convincing?
How would you interpret the meaning ofthe quotation “Environmental pollution isan incurable disease. Itcan only beprevented”?
Do you agree with the opinion ofall the authors ofthe quotations?
CONSERVATION OFNATURE
Air pollution and climate change lead todestruction ofecosystems. is endangers all life on the planet if not dealt with
quickly and onthe international level. So, protecting the environment isthe most important problem which the world faces today. According toa recent report, one quarter ofEurope’s trees
are showing signs ofsevere damage. Europe now has fewer forests
than any other continent except Antarctica. Our forests are natural sinks ofcarbon dioxide and they produce fresh oxygen aswell
ashelp inregulating temperature and rainfall.
At present forests cover 30per cent ofland but every year
agreat number oftrees are cut down tomake that land available for residential, industrial, and commercial purposes. is
mainly occurs because of urban sprawl caused by migration
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