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Разговорный английский актуальные темы для свободного общения. Учебное пособие

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☆
FEDERAL HOLIDAYS INTHE USA 161
e two most joyous times ofthe year are Christmas morn-
ing and the end ofschool. (Alice Cooper)—
Два самых счастливых времени года— это рождествен-
ское утро иконец учебного года. (Элис Купер)
Which ofthe quotations doyou think are the cleverest orthe funni­est orthe most patriotic?
In what quotation does the author use wordplay? What eect does heachieve bythis? Can you interpret the meaning ofthe phrase?
What does the author ofthe quotation about Valentine’s Day mean when hespeaks about commercialism ofthe holiday?
Why are Christmas morning and the end ofschool the most joyous times according tothe author ofthe last quotation?
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
OUR PLANET— OUR HOME
Our Planet isour home, and onus, people, itdepends whe­ther life onit will exist ordisappear. So, environmental protection isone ofthe main issues ofthe present time. ere are many phe­nomena that threaten our nature environment: global warming, acid rain, air and water pollution are among the most serious ones. ese factors cause other problems, such asthe greenhouse eect, damage tothe ozone layer, deforestation, and extinction ofsome animal and plant species.
It should be noted that the most essential environmental problems are connected with technological progress. For exam­ple, the number ofprivate cars has greatly increased, which aects air and water pollution. People have also become too dependent ontheir cars; they should try tocycle orwalk for shorter journeys. Toreduce pollution motor cars that consume petrol and pollute atmosphere should be banned. Instead, solar energy orelectric cars could beused. Pollution isalso increasing due tofactories pumping out enormous amount ofsmoke inorder tosupply the growing demand for electricity. Itwould help ifpeople cut down onelectricity byswitching o the light when itis not necessary. Ifeverybody can make asmall contribution, itwill make abig dif­ference inthe end. Emissions from industrial plants, such assul­phur, can also enter the atmosphere, where they can cause dam­age tothe ozone layer around the planet. ey may also fall back toearth asacid rain and destroy plants and trees.
OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 163
Industrial orchemical waste products known astoxic wastes are harmful to the environment. If these are buried in under­ground storage sites, there isthe danger that they may leach into rivers and lakes with serious eects onliving organism. Sothe city authorities should take steps toreduce the harmful eect.
Rubbish, a product of people’s everyday activity, presents another problem. Regularly, people buy alot ofconsumer goods and foodstus. Asaresult they have tothrow away many plastic bags, bottles, boxes, shampoo containers, etc. ese large amounts ofwaste are taken tothe dumps, usually outside atown. Not only dothese useless things litter the place, but also pollute the atmo­sphere. According to research, the average household produces literally tons ofwaste per month, alot ofwhich consists ofplastic packaging, which isnot biodegradable. All these things aswell asthe old cars and newspapers could berecycled, which would change the situation for the better. Recycling isgood because itmeans that few­er supplies are wasted, especially paper, whose production destroys trees. Besides, making plastic infactories produces harmful gases, soby recycling plastic bags and containers wehelp tokeep pollu­tion level low. Pollution from factories in turn will lead toacid rain which will mean less oxygen being produced bytrees.
It isalso important toclean upthe rubbish from water ba­sins — lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. e problem is caused byahuman factor aswell asby the obsolete equipment ofindus­trial enterprises. e dangerous oil spills from big ships are killing somuch wildlife.
Nowadays environmental issues can be solved globally, byajoint eort ofall nations ofthe world because changes inthe environment have adirect impact onthe whole planet. ough itis the government’s responsibility totake measures for protect­ing environment, everybody should be aware ofthe problem it­self. Only then will our home and the whole planet becleaner and safer for future generation.
164 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Words and Expressions
to disappear [,dIsA´pIA]— исчезать environmental protection [In,vaIrAn´mentl prA´tekSn]— защи-
та окружающей среды
an issue [´ISu:;´Isju:]— проблема a phenomenon (. . phenomena) [ fA´nOmInAn]— явление to threaten [´Fretn]— угрожать global warming [´glAUbl ,wD:mIN]— глобальное потепление acid rain [´BsId ,reIn]— кислотный дождь pollution [pA´lu:Sn]— загрязнение (окружающей среды) a greenhouse eect [´gri:n,haUs I´fekt]— парниковый эффект damage [´dBmIdZ]— повреждение the ozone layer [´AU,zAUn ,leIA]— озоновый слой deforestation [ di:,fOrI´steISn]— обезлесивание, исчезновение
лесов
extinction [Ik´stINkSn]— вымирание рода, живых организмов a plant [plC:nt]— растение a species [´spi:Si:z] — вид, род (биол.) to badly aect smth. [,bBdli A´fekt…]— сильно способство-
вать чему-л.
to become dependent onsmth. [… dI´pendAnt…]— становить-
ся зависимым отчего-л.
for ashorter journey [… ´SD:tA ,dZQ:ni]— наблизкое расстояние to reduce [rI´dju:s]— снижать, сокращать to consume petrol [kAn,sju:m ´petrAl]— потреблять (использо-
вать) бензин
OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 165
to ban— запрещать solar energy [,sAUlA ´enAdZi]— солнечная энергия to pump out [´pEmp ,aUt]— испускать, выбрасывать enormous amount [I´nD:mAs A´maUnt]— огромное количе-
ство
in order tosupply the growing demand [… sA´plaI GA ,grAUIN
dI´mC:nd] — для того чтобы удовлетворить растущий
спрос
to cut down onsmth.— сокращать потребление чего-л. to switch o [,swItS ´Of] — выключать (ток, электроприбор) to make acontribution […,kOntrI´bju:Sn]— вносить вклад to make abig dierence […´dIfrAns]— сильно изменять клуч-
шему
emission [I´mISn]— выделение, испускание an industrial plant [In´dEstriAl ,plC:nt]— завод sulphur [´sElfA]— сера to fall back toearth [´fD:l ,bBk tA ,Q:F]— возвращаться наземлю to destroy [dI´strDI]— разрушать waste products [,weIst ´prOdEkts]— продукты отходов harmful [´hC:mfl]— вредный to bury [beri]— хоронить, закапывать a storage site [´strD:rIdZ ,saIt]— хранилище danger [´deIndZA]— опасность to leach into smth. [li: tS…]— вымываться через почву ипо-
падать вочто-л. rubbish [´rEbIS]— мусор
166 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
to present [prI´zent]— представлять собой consumer goods [kAn´sju:mA ,gUdz]— потребительские товары a foodstu [´fu:d,stEf]— продукт питания to throw away [´FrAU A,weI]— выбрасывать a dump [ dEmp]— свалка to litter [´lItA]— загрязнять, засорять an average household [,BvArIdZ ´haUs,hAUld]— средняя семья literally [´lItArAli]— буквально to consist ofsmth. [kAn´sIst…]— состоять изчего-л. packaging [´pBkIdZIN]— упаковка biodegradable [,baIAUdI´greIdAbl]— биологически разлагаю-
щийся
to recycle [ri:´saIkl]— подвергать вторичной переработке in one’s turn […, wEnz ´tQ:n]— всвою очередь oxygen [´OksIdZAn]— кислород to clean up[,kli:n ´Ep]— очищать a water basin [´wD:tA ,beIsn]— водный бассейн a human factor [´hju:mAn ,fBktA]— человеческий фактор obsolete equipment [´ObsA,li:t I,kwIpmAnt]— устаревшее (из-
ношенное) оборудование
an enterprise [´entA,praIz]— предприятие oil spills [´DIl ,spIlz]— разлив нефти (в водных бассейнах) wildlife [´waIld,laIf]— живые организмы, обитающие ввод-
ных бассейнах
to solve [sOlv]— решать
OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 167
a joint eort [,dZDInt ´efAt]— совместное усилие to protect [prA´tekt]— защищать to beaware ofsmth. […A´weA…]— осознавать что-л. safer [´seIfA]— более безопасный
Answer the questions:
1. What natural phenomena are caused by environmental changes?
What problem connected with worsening the environment is the
most typical for big cities? What isair pollution resulted from? What
contribution can people make toreduction ofthe air pollution level?
What cars are inyour opinion environmentally friendly?
2. What does the negative role of technological progress in relation
tothe environment consist in? How can air and water pollution threa-
ten toextinction ofsome animal and plant species? What isthe fate
ofthe species registered inthe Red List?
3. Why isthe toxic wastes storage harmful tothe environment? Why are
glass and plastic containers thrown away sodangerous? How can the
problem ofrubbish be solved? What are the positive consequences
ofrecycling?
4. What causes water basins pollution? Which reasons are resulted from
the technological progress and which are the consequences ofthe hu-
man factor? What isthe most serious environmental problem for the
region where you live? Why can these problems besolved only glob-
ally but not just byone separate country?
5. How environmentally aware are you? When you eat achocolate bar
inthe street, what doyou dowith the wrapper: drop iton the pave-
ment orput itin alitter bin? When you clean your teeth, doyou turn
the tap ononly when you need water ordo you leave the tap running
until you have nished cleaning?
168 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Here are some quotations about conservation ofnature:
Sooner orlater, wewill have torecognise that the Earth has rights, too, tolive without pollution. What mankind must know isthat human beings cannot live without Mother Earth, but the planet can live without humans. (Evo Morales)—
Рано или поздно нам придется признать, что наша пла­нета Земля неможет существовать вусловиях загрязнения. Люди должны осознать, что человечество не сможет про­жить без Матери-Земли, вто время как она без нас вполне обойдется. (Эво Моралес)
e future will either begreen ornot atall. (Robert James Brown (Bob Brown)—
Будущее нашей планеты немыслимо без лесов ипрочих зеленых насаждений. Если этого небудет, тоне будет иника­кого будущего. (Роберт Джеймс Браун)
Environmental pollution is an incurable disease. It can only beprevented. (Barry Commoner)—
Загрязнение окружающей среды сродни неизлечимой болезни, которую все жеможно предотвратить. (Барри Ком-
монер)
e only way forward, ifwe are going toimprove the qual­ity ofthe environment, isto get everybody involved. (Richard Rogers)—
Единственный способ спасти окружающую среду за­ключается в том, чтобы каждый осознал проблему и внес свой посильный вклад вее решение. (Ричард Роджерс)
Riding a bicycle is the summit of human endeavour — analmost neutral environmental eect coupled with the abi­lity totravel substantial distances without disturbing anybody.
OUR PLANET— OUR HOME 169
e bike is the perfect marriage of technology and human energy. (Jeremy Corbyn)—
Велосипед— это вершина человеческого изобретения: никакого вредного воздействия наокружающую среду всо­четании с возможностью поездок на большие расстояния. Этот вид транспорта представляет собой удачное соедине­ние технических возможностей иэнергии человека. (Джере-
ми Корбин)
We are running the most dangerous experiment inhistory right now, which isto see how much carbon dioxide the atmo­sphere… can handle before there isan environmental catastro­phe. (Elon Musk)—
Именно сейчас мы проводим самый опасный за всю историю человечества эксперимент, пытаясь определить предел содержания углекислого газа ватмосфере, врезульта­те чего неизбежен природный катаклизм. (Илон Маск)
e environment iseverything that isn’t me. (Albert Ein­stein)—
Окружающая среда— это всё, кроме меня самого. (Аль­берт Эйн штейн)
e time isright for electric cars— infact the time iscriti­cal. (Carlos Ghosn)—
Наступило время для внедрения вэксплуатацию авто­мобилей, работающих наэлектричестве, хотя справедливее было бысказать, что мысэтим опоздали. (Карлос Гон)
Sadly, it’s much easier to create a desert than a forest. (James Lovelock)—
К сожалению, вырастить лес гораздо труднее, чем со­здать пустыню. (Джеймс Лавлок)
170 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Mankind has probably done more damage to the Earth
inthe 20
th
century than inall ofthe previous history. (Jacques-
Yves Cousteau)—
th
В 20
веке человечество, совсей очевидностью, причи-
нило гораздо больший ущерб планете Земля, чем завсю пре­дыдущую историю существования. (Жак-Ив Кусто)
Which ofthe quotations doyou consider the most convincing?
How would you interpret the meaning ofthe quotation “Envi­ronmental pollution isan incurable disease. Itcan only bepre­vented”?
Do you agree with the opinion ofall the authors ofthe quota­tions?
CONSERVATION OFNATURE
Air pollution and climate change lead todestruction ofeco­systems. is endangers all life on the planet if not dealt with quickly and onthe international level. So, protecting the environ­ment isthe most important problem which the world faces to­day. According toa recent report, one quarter ofEurope’s trees are showing signs ofsevere damage. Europe now has fewer forests than any other continent except Antarctica. Our forests are natu­ral sinks ofcarbon dioxide and they produce fresh oxygen aswell ashelp inregulating temperature and rainfall.
At present forests cover 30per cent ofland but every year agreat number oftrees are cut down tomake that land avail­able for residential, industrial, and commercial purposes. is mainly occurs because of urban sprawl caused by migration
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