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  1. Linking [г].

  2. Two-stress rhythm. Structures with two stressed and interve­ning unstressed syllables.

  3. Intonation of reporting phrases and reported speech.

1. LINKING [r]

When a word ending in [э] (including [is], [еэ], etc.), [a:], lo:] or [з:] is immediately followed by a word beginning with a vowel, the sound [r] is very often inserted at the end of the first word joining it to the next one. When the spelling of the word ends in the letter "r" (or "-re"), the inserted r-sound is called the linking [r[. When there is no "r" in spelling, the inserted r-sound is called the intrusive [r] (e.g., the idea [r] of it). Learners of English are generally not recommended to use the intrusive [r[, while the linking [r] is recognized as a typical feature of the English Standard pronunciation, e. g.: 'never a'gain ['nevar a'gein], 'centre of the 'city ['sentar av бэ 'siti]. Notice, however, the absence of linking I r| in such "inconvenient" word sequences as 'a roar of laughter', 'an error of judgement' [э'гэ: av'lcufta |, [эп 'era эу'флфтат].

SOUND DRILL I. Practise the linking [r] at the junction of words.

for a while for a short while

for a change for fear of

for instance far away

for a long time later on

never again more or less a year ago over and over agai

n

an hour and a half an hour or two a quarter of an hour a year and a half

As far as I remember As far as I know As a matter of fact As far as I can se

eII. Learn the rhymes.

There was a young lady of Niger

Who smiled as she rode on a tiger

They came from the ride

With the lady inside

And the smile on the face of the

tiger.

* * *

For every evil under the sun There is a remedy or there is none.

If there is one try and find it. If there is none never mind it

.

2. Rhythm practice two-stress pattern Structures with two stressed and intervening unstressed syllables

Each of the two rhythmic groups in such structures has unstressed syllables preceding or/and following the stressed one.

(□) (□)

The shortest utterances following this pattern consist of two polysyllabic notional words or (more rarely) one double-stressed word. They are typical of elliptical sentences used as short replies, headlines and titles, interrogative responses or imperatives. I. Practise the given rhythmic pattern in various tunes. Falling Tune

s

No »entry. 'Cyclists »only. 'Westminster 'Abbey. Jane 'Eire.

Rising Tunes

'Taking e/xams? 'Badly 'injured? 'Missing again?

Falling-Rising Tunes

Highly instructive. ^Hardly ' possible. Tomorrow 'morning. ^Saturday ''evening.

Pe destrian »Crossing. 'Nelson's »Column. 'St. Paul's Ca»thedral. 'Sherlock »Holmes.

'Making mis'takes? 1 Leaving to/morrow? 'Seventeen 'dollars?

'Fairly ,reasonable. 'Totally un,suitable. Ex'tremely /complicated. Un'usually ,charming

.II. Practise the utterances from Ex. I in conversational contexts.

Model A: What book is it? — "'Spoken 'English". 1. What does this traffic sign mean? — ... 2. What's in the centre of Trafalgar square? — ... 3. What else would you like to see in London? — ... 4. What's your favourite book? — ... 5. What's your favourite literary character? —...

Model В: I want to tell you something. — 'Anything important?

    1. Steve is busy at the moment. He's taking his exam. — ... ?

    2. Beth's cousin has had a car accident. He is badly injured. — ... ?

    3. The girls are missing again. — ... ? 4. She's constantly making mistakes. — ... ? 5. Jackson is leaving tomorrow. — ... ? 6. Nancy paid 17 dollars for the gloves. — ... ?

Model C: What was she praised for? —"'Fluent ' English. 1. What can you say about the lecture? — ... 2. I'm sure she'll be a success. — ... 3. Do you expect them at your place tonight? — ...

    1. Are you moving in on Saturday morning? — ... 5. What do you think of the price? — ... 6. Is it a correct example? — ... 7. What do you think of this article? — ... 8. How did you find his aunt? — ...

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