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      1. Consonant clusters. Loss of plosion. Nasal plosion. Lateral plosion.

      2. One-stress rhythm.

      3. The intonation of non-final parts of utterances.

1. Consonant clusters

Loss of plosion

When two plosive consonants having the same place of articula­tion, are in contact within a word or at a word junction, there is a complete loss of plosion of the first con so nant, i.e£-i the obstruction is removed and a plosion is heard only after Л the sccond consonant.

e.g.: Midday, big girl, dee^purplc, back gate, bad times.

WhatjimerWhatjay? When the contacting plosives have different places of articula­tion (pt, tk, db, gd) the obstruction of the first consonant is not re­moved until the articulation of the second consonant has started. The release oftbe jifsf (C^psonant is, therefore, very weak, and there is a perceptible plosion only after the second consonant. Thus, the phenomenon of the loss of plosion actually takes place in any cluster of two plosive consonants, '-■fcpv; 4 ft

I * Nasal plosion

At the junction of the plosive consonants [t, d, p, b, k, g] with the nasal sonorants [m, n] the articulation of the sonorant starts when the articulation of the plosive consonant is not yet finished. As a result, instead of removing the obstruction in the mouth cavity, the air stream passes through the na sal cavity producing the effect of a nasal plo sion.

e.g.: shouldn't, wouldn't. Meet my friend.

Lateral plosion

/NTOie junction of a plosive consonantmlh the lateral sonorant [1] :he plosion is produced during the pronunciation of the sonorant as he air stream passes along the sides of the tongue, lowered for the ar- iculation of [1]. This phenomenon is known as lateral plosion: e.g.: place, blow, glance, kettle, I'd like...

football rugby feedback bookcase

SOUND DRILLS

I. Practice loss of plosion in these words.

prospect accegt wrapped

architect attemjjt stopped

begged dubbed shocked

lagged robbed knocked

II. Practise the following pairs of word combinations. Make sure you pronounce one consonant at the word junction in the left column and two consonants at the word junction in the right column. Be sure to "lose" the plosion of the first consonant in the right column.red eye bright eyes her bread top layer big eight black ape

red dye bright ties herb bread top player bigjate black cape

y Ьз к

III. Practise loss of plosion ip these

        1. What was she wearing? ;<; —

        2. When did they have dinner? —

tit'lV

        1. What's the matter?

        2. I'm twelve today.

        3. Did you enjoy the party? —

        4. These bananas look good. —

        5. What kind ofjtouse have they — got? ft

conversational exchanges.

She was wearing a deej^purplfc; evening dress. They had dinner at seven o'clock. ~ y.«Mt®

We've got a flatjyre, I'm afraid. You're a bijyjirl now, dear. We had a really good time. Mmmm... I love ripe bananas. They've got a lovely back gar­den

.IV. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing nasal plosion.

sudden certain modem

quite new not mine

admit curtain admire kitten admiralty student

Good morning Right now apartment

department

appointment

get married a good memory

couldn't shouldn't needn't wouldn't didn't oughtn't

Meet my husband Help me to do i

t

          1. Practise nasal plosion in connected speech:

            1. I'm a language student. Susan is my groupmate. She has a very good memory for words.

            2. I got married last year. I admire my husband for his kindness. He is fond of pop music.

          2. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing lateral

plosion.

£lan

greatly

simple

good-looking

plate

lately

table

good luck

black

softly

comfortable

standard-lamp

blue

hardly

article

That'll_do

clock

badly

single

not large

clean

U?jy

little

Sto^Jaughing

|lass

completely

middle

black lace

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