- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 Definitions
- •Introduction
- •Abbreviations
- •Definitions
- •2 International Agreements and Organizations
- •The Chicago Convention
- •International Law
- •Commercial Considerations
- •Customs and Excise, and Immigration
- •International Obligations of Contracted States
- •Duties of ICAO Member States
- •Status of Annex Components
- •The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- •The Organization of ICAO
- •Regional Structure of ICAO
- •Regional Structure and Offices
- •ICAO Publications
- •Other International Agreements
- •The Conventions of Tokyo, the Hague and Montreal
- •The Warsaw Convention
- •The Rome Convention
- •IATA
- •ECAC
- •EASA
- •Eurocontrol
- •World Trade Organization
- •Geneva Convention
- •EU Regulation 261/2004
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •3 Airworthiness of Aircraft
- •Introduction
- •Airworthiness
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •4 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks
- •Introduction
- •Nationality and Registration Marks
- •Certification of Registration
- •Aircraft Markings
- •Classification of Aircraft
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •5 Flight Crew Licensing
- •Introduction
- •Definitions
- •General Rules Concerning Licensing
- •Licences and Ratings for Pilots
- •Multi-crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
- •Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) (IR(A))
- •Instructor and Examiner Rating
- •JAR-FCL 3 Medical Requirements
- •Pilot Proficiency
- •EASA Theoretical Knowledge Examinations
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •6 Rules of the Air
- •History
- •Applicability of the Rules of the Air
- •General Rules
- •Visual Flight Rules
- •Instrument Flight Rules
- •Semi-circular Flight Level Rules and RVSM
- •Special VFR
- •Distress and Urgency Signals
- •Restricted, Prohibited or Danger Areas
- •Signals for Aerodrome Traffic
- •Marshalling Signals
- •Flight Deck Signals
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Instrument Procedures
- •PANS OPS
- •Instrument Departure Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •8 Approach Procedures
- •Procedure Basics
- •Approach Procedure Design
- •Obstacle Clearance Altitude/Height
- •Operating Minima
- •Descent Gradients
- •Track Reversal and Racetracks
- •Missed Approach Segment and Procedure
- •Published Information
- •RNAV Approach Procedures based on VOR/DME
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •9 Circling Approach
- •Circling Approach
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •10 Holding Procedures
- •Holding Procedures
- •Entry Sectors
- •ATC Considerations
- •Obstacle Clearance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •11 Altimeter Setting Procedure
- •Altimeter Setting Objectives
- •Transition
- •Phases of Flight
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •12 Parallel or Near-parallel Runway Operation
- •Safety
- •Runway Spacing
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •13 SSR and ACAS
- •Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •14 Airspace
- •Introduction
- •Control Areas and Zones
- •Classes of Airspace
- •Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
- •Airways and ATS Routes
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •15 Air Traffic Services
- •Introduction
- •Air Traffic Control
- •ATC Clearances
- •Control of Persons and Vehicles at Aerodromes
- •The Flight Information Service
- •The Alerting Service
- •Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •16 Separation
- •Concept of Separation
- •Vertical Separation
- •Horizontal Separation
- •Radar Separation
- •Procedural Wake Turbulence Separation
- •Radar Wake Turbulence Separation
- •Visual Separation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
- •Stacking
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •17 Control of Aircraft
- •Procedural ATC
- •Radar Control
- •Radar Identification
- •Radar Service
- •Aerodrome Control
- •Approach Control Service
- •Air Traffic Advisory Service
- •Aircraft Emergencies
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •18 Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)
- •Introduction
- •General
- •The Integrated Aeronautical Information Package
- •The Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
- •Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
- •SNOWTAM
- •ASHTAM
- •Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs)
- •Pre-flight and Post-flight Information
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Introduction
- •Aerodrome Reference Code
- •Glossary of Terms
- •Aerodrome Data
- •Runways
- •Taxiways
- •Aprons
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Requirements
- •Visual Aids for Navigation
- •Runway Markings
- •Taxiway Markings
- •Signs
- •Markers
- •Visual Docking Guidance Systems
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •21 Aerodrome Lighting
- •Aerodrome Lights
- •Approach Lighting Systems
- •Runway Lighting
- •Taxiway Lighting
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •22 Obstacle Marking and Aerodrome Services
- •Introduction
- •Visual Aids for Denoting Obstacles
- •Visual Aids for Denoting Restricted Use Areas
- •Emergency and Other Services
- •Other Aerodrome Services
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •23 Facilitation
- •Entry and Departure of Aircraft
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •24 Search and Rescue
- •Definitions and Abbreviations
- •Establishment and Provision of SAR Service
- •Co-operation between States
- •Operating Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •25 Security
- •Introduction
- •Objectives
- •Organization
- •Preventative Security Measures
- •Management of Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference
- •Further Security Information
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •26 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
- •Introduction
- •Objective of Investigation
- •Investigations
- •Serious Incidents
- •EU Considerations
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •27 Revision Questions
- •Revision Questions
- •Answers
- •EASA Specimen Examination
- •Answers to Specimen EASA Examination
- •28 Addendum – EASA Part-FCL & Part-MED
- •Chapter Five. Flight Crew Licensing
- •European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
- •Licences
- •Ratings
- •Certificates
- •EASA Part-MED
- •29 Index
Aerodromes - Physical Characteristics 19
© Stewart Andrew
Figure 19.13 A “line-up” at Manchester for rwy 06L
19.54 Road Holding Position. This is a designated position at which vehicles may be required to stop and wait where the taxiway is also used as a road for aerodrome vehicular traffic. Normally, a road holding point will have traffic lights. A road holding position must be established at an intersection of a road with a runway. The distances in the table on page 384 apply to road holding points.
Aprons
19.55 Requirement. Aprons are provided where necessary to permit the embarking and |
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disembarking of passengers and the loading and off loading of cargo and mail, as well as the |
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servicing of aircraft, without interference with aerodrome traffic. The total apron area should |
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be adequate to permit the expeditious handling of the aerodrome traffic at its maximum |
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anticipated density. Aprons are to be built to accommodate slow moving traffic and in any |
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case to withstand higher stresses than runways. Aircraft parking areas on aprons (stands) are |
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19 |
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to be marked and are required to provide a minimum distance between parked aircraft. For |
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code A the distance is 3 m, and for code D and above 7.5 m. |
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Characteristics |
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19.56 Isolated Aircraft Parking Position. An isolated aircraft parking position is to be |
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designated, or the control tower advised of an area or areas, suitable for the parking of an |
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aircraft which is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference, or which for |
Physical |
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than 100 m from any other parking area, building, or public area, or over underground utilities |
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other reasons needs isolation from normal aerodrome traffic. This special area is not to be less |
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(gas, aviation fuel, electrical or communications cables). |
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Aerodromes |
385
19 Questions
Questions
Questions 19
1.Aerodrome reference code 4 refers to field length of:
a.900 m.
b.1000 m.
c.1600 m.
d.1800 m or more.
2.The signal area should be located so that it is visible from the air. A lack of a signal area denotes that:
a.non-radio traffic will not be accepted at the aerodrome other than emergency traffic.
b.non-radio traffic will be accepted.
c.non-radio traffic will be accepted in daylight hours only.
d.non-radio traffic will not be accepted in daylight hours only.
3.The Aerodrome Reference Code consists of Code Element 1 (aeroplane reference field length) and Code Element 2. What does Code Element 2 define?
a.Wing span and inner main gear wheel span.
b.Fuselage width and inner main gear wheel span.
c.Fuselage width and outer main gear wheel span.
d.Wing span and outer main gear wheel span.
4.A radio altimeter operating area must extend before the threshold of a precision approach runway for a distance of at least:
a.100 metres.
b.200 metres.
c.300 metres.
d.500 metres.
5.Which of the following is a valid aerodrome reference code?
a.6B.
b.4G.
c.7G.
d.2B.
6.What is a stopway for?
a.Stopping after landing distance.
b.Extending the Landing Distance Available.
c.Stopping after a rejected take-off.
d.A runway extension for big aircraft.
7.A transverse white stripe on a runway is associated with a:
a.closed runway.
b.runway which is 2400 metres or longer.
c.displaced threshold.
d.runway available for circling to land approaches.
386
Questions 19
8.Which “code letter” identifies a taxiway that has to be used by an aircraft with a wheel-base of 15 metres?
a.Code letter E .
b.Code letter C.
c.Code letter B.
d.Code letter D.
9.According to the Aerodrome Reference Code, the code letter E relates to an aircraft wingspan of:
a.15 m or more but less than 24 m.
b.36 m or more but less than 52 m.
c.52 m or more but less than 65 m.
d.24 m or more but less than 36 m.
10.The stopway is a defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of the take-off run available which is prepared as a suitable area:
a.to stop an aircraft after a rejected take-off.
b.to stop a landing aircraft in case of an emergency.
c.to stop a starting or landing aircraft.
d.to stop a landing aircraft if it overshoots the runway.
11.An area defined about the extended runway centre line and adjacent to the end of the strip, primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft undershooting or overrunning the runway is defined as a:
a.clearway.
b.runway strip extension.
c.runway end safety area.
d.altimeter operating area extension.
12.What is the width of a code letter D taxiway used by aircraft with an outer main
gear wheel span of less than 9 m?
a.10.5 m.
b.15 m.
c.18 m.
d.23 m.
13.What is the minimum width of a code 4 runway?
a.18 m.
b.23 m.
c.30 m.
d.45 m.
14.When a fixed distance marking has to be provided this marking shall commence at:
a.150 m from the threshold.
b.300 m from the threshold.
c.150 m from the aiming point.
d.300 m from the aiming point.
Questions 19
387
19 Questions
15.TODA consists of:
a.TORA but excluding the clearway.
b.TORA and includes the clearway.
c.TORA but excluding the stopway.
d.TORA only.
Questions 19
388
Questions 19
Questions 19
389