Chapter
5
Flight Crew Licensing
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Definitions |
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General Rules Concerning Licensing . . . . . . . . |
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Licences and Ratings for Pilots . . . . . . . . . . |
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Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) - PPL(A) |
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Commercial Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) - CPL(A) . . . . |
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Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) - ATPL(A) . . |
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Multi-crew Pilot Licence (MPL) |
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Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) (IR(A)) . . . . . . . |
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Instructor and Examiner Rating . . . . . . . . . . |
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JAR-FCL 3 Medical Requirements . . . . . . . . . |
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Pilot Proficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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EASA Theoretical Knowledge Examinations . . . . . |
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Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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5 Flight Crew Licensing
Licensing Crew Flight 5
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Flight Crew Licensing 5
Introduction
This chapter is applicable to the JAA Learning Objectives covering Air Crew Licensing. It is envisaged that these JAA Learning Objectives will be modified to be in accordance with EASA Part-FCL and EASA Part-MED. When this happens, the Addendum at Chapter 28 will replace the current Chapter 5.
5.1 |
Requirement. The Learning Objectives and the Syllabus for 010 Air Law require the |
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student to have knowledge of the SARPs detailed in Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing). However, |
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the EASA requirement for Flight Crew Licensing is contained in JAR-FCL and there are questions |
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in the Central Question Bank (CQB) relating to JAR-FCL. Where there are JAR differences from |
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Annex 1, these will be highlighted. |
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5.2 |
International Standard. Each annex to the Chicago Convention includes a supplement, |
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which is a summary of the changes notified by each state (in alphabetical order) under article |
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and signifies the disparity in flight crew licensing around the world. It must be stated that |
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the FAA, the JAA, EASA and certainly the UK CAA have not, and never have, adopted the |
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requirements of Annex 1 (crew licensing and medical requirements) as a standard. Each |
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authority has specific rules, to which, JAR-FCL is the JAA standard applied in Europe. It must |
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be emphasized that the inclusion of information from Annex 1 in this manual is for information |
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only (to enable you to pass the exam) and must not be relied upon for any matters relating to |
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the issue of, or maintenance of your flight crew licence. |
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5.3 |
European Standard. The licensing of pilots (also Flight Engineers) to JAR requirements |
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is in accordance with the requirements of JAR-FCL parts 1, 2 3 and 4.
•JAR-FCL 1 covers the licensing of pilots of aeroplanes
•JAR-FCL 2 covers the licensing of helicopter pilots
•JAR-FCL 3 covers the medical requirements for licensing of aircrew
•JAR-FCL 4 covers the licensing of Flight Engineers (Systems Panel Operators)
Note: The above is in the process of being replaced by EASA Part FCL
Definitions
5.4Definitions. When the following terms are used in the standards and recommended practices of Annex 1, they have the following meanings:
5.5Pilot-in-command (PIC). The PIC is the pilot who is responsible for the safety of the aircraft and compliance with the rules of the air, during flight time.
5.6Category of aircraft. Classification of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, e.g. aeroplane, helicopter, glider, free balloon.
5.7Commander. A pilot designated by the operator who is qualified as PIC, who may delegate the responsibility for the conduct of the flight to another qualified pilot.
5.8Co-pilot. A licensed pilot serving in any capacity other than PIC but excluding a pilot who is on board for the sole purpose of receiving instruction.
5.9Cross-country. A flight between the point of departure and a point of arrival following a pre-planned route using standard navigation procedures.
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5.10 |
Dual Instruction Time. Flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction |
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from a properly authorized pilot on board the aircraft. |
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5.11 |
Instrument Flight Time. Time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by |
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reference to instruments and without external reference points. |
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5.12 |
Flight Time. The total time from the moment an aircraft first moves under its own |
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power for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest at the end of the flight (synonymous |
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with ‘block to block’ or ‘chock to chock’). |
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Instrument Ground Time. Time during which a pilot is practising, on the ground, |
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simulated instrument flight in a flight simulation training device approved by the Licensing |
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5.14 |
Instrument Time. Instrument flight time or instrument ground time |
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5.15 |
Rating. An authorization entered on or associated with a licence and forming part |
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thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such a licence. |
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Synthetic Flight Trainer. Any one of the following three types of apparatus in which |
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flight conditions are simulated on the ground: |
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•Flight Simulator, which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated;
•Flight Procedures Trainer, which provides realistic flight deck environment and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class;
•Basic Instrument Flight Trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions.
General Rules Concerning Licensing
5.17Authority to Act as Flight Crew. A person shall not act as a flight crew member of an aircraft unless a valid licence is held showing compliance with the specifications of Annex 1 and appropriate to the duties to be performed by that person. The licence shall have been issued by the State of Registry of that aircraft or by any other Contracting State and rendered valid by the State of Registry of that aircraft.
5.18Re-issue of a JAA Licence. The period of validity of a JAA licence is 5 years. Within this period, the licence will be re-issued by the appropriate JAA authority under the following conditions:
•After initial issue or renewal of a rating
•When paragraph xii. of the licence document is full
•For any administrative reason
•At the discretion of the JAA member State Authority when a rating is revalidated
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5.19 Rendering a Licence Valid. A Contracting State may validate a licence issued by |
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another authority, with the proviso that the period of validity is not to extend beyond the |
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original period of validity of the licence. A JAA licence (and associated ratings etc…) issued in |
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accordance with JAR-FCL is to be accepted without further formality in any other JAA member |
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state. |
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5.20 Validation of a Non-JAA licence for use in a JAA State. A non-JAA licence that includes |
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an instrument rating (IR) may be validated for use in a JAA state for a period not exceeding one |
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year providing the basic licence remains valid in the state of licence issue. |
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5.21 Credit of Experience. The holder of a non-JAA licence may be credited with theoretical |
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Licensing |
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knowledge and/or flying experience at the discretion of the JAA member state authority |
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towards the issue of a comparable JAA licence by that member state. |
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5.22 Privileges of a Licence. A pilot licence issued by a State grants the holder the privilege |
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to act as a pilot in aircraft registered in that State. A licence (or rating) holder is not permitted |
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to exercise privileges other than those granted by the licence or rating. |
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5.23 Medical Fitness. The holder of a licence is to hold a medical assessment certificate |
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issued in accordance with the requirements of Annex 1 Chapter 6 (Medical Provisions for |
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Licensing) or in the case of a JAA licence, JAR-FCL part 3. Holders of licences are not to exercise |
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the privileges of their licences if they are aware of any decrease in medical fitness standard |
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(either physical or mental). Licence holders are not to act in any capacity under their licence |
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whilst under the influence of any psychoactive substance. Licence holders are not to engage |
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in any problematic use (or abuse) of substances. Licence holders should seek the advice of |
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an approved aeromedical examiner (AME) before taking any medication over a prolonged |
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period. |
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5.24 Validity of Licences. A licence (or rating) is only valid if the necessary ratings or |
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certificates (including a medical certificate) are also valid. A licence or rating holder is to |
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maintain competence and meet the requirements for recent experience required by the licence |
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or rating, including the maintenance of a current medical assessment. |
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5.25 Recent Experience. A pilot is not to operate an aircraft in commercial air transport or |
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carry passengers: |
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As PIC or Co-pilot |
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unless he/she has carried out, in the preceding 90 days, at least 3 take-offs, approaches and landings in an aircraft of the same type or a Full Flight Simulator (FFS) representing that type or class
b.As PIC at night
unless he/she has carried out in the preceding 90 days at least 1 take-off, approach and landing at night as a pilot flying in an aircraft of the same type or a Full Flight Simulator (FFS) representing that type or class
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holds an Instrument Rating
5.26Validity of Ratings. A licence that includes a rating is only valid as long as the rating remains valid. The periods of and methods of maintaining a rating are as follows:
5.27Instrument Rating (IR). An IR is valid for a period of 12 months. It may be renewed during the last three months of the period of validity of the rating. If an instrument rating test for renewal of a rating is failed, the current IR is cancelled.
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