15
Services Traffic Air 15
AirTraffic Services
15.40 Stages of Emergency. There are three stages of alert (known generically as the emergency phase), these are:
•Uncertainty phase (code word: INCERFA). This stage exists when no communication has been received from an aircraft within a period of 30 minutes after a time at which normal communication should have been made, or the aircraft fails to arrive at the destination within 30 minutes of the estimated arrival time.
•Alert phase (codeword: ALERFA). The alert phase would be declared following the uncertainty phase (except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension as to the safety of the aircraft or its occupants) when:
•Subsequent attempts to make communication have failed and there is not further news of the aircraft; or
•The aircraft fails to land within 5 minutes after the issuing of a landing clearance; or
•Information has been received that the operating efficiency of the aircraft is impaired (but not that a forced landing is likely); or
•It is known that an aircraft has been subject to unlawful interference.
•Distress phase (codeword: DETRESFA). The distress phase would be declared following the alert phase (except where there is reasonable certainty that the aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave and imminent danger) when:
•Further attempts at communication are unsuccessful and widespread enquiries indicate the probability that the aircraft is in distress; or
•The fuel on board is considered to be exhausted; or
•Information is received that the operating efficiency of the aircraft is impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely; or
•Information is received that the aircraft is about to or has made a forced landing.
Procedures
15.41Speed Control. The speed of an aircraft may be prescribed by ATC as a means of maintaining separation. Where speed control is applied, adequate notice is to be given to flight crews to ensure compliance. Prolonged use of speed control is not recommended as this can affect fuel usage. When applied, changes in speed should be limited to those necessary to maintain separation minima or spacing. At or above FL250 speed adjustments should be in multiples of M 0.01 and below FL250 in multiples of 10 kt IAS. On intermediate and final approach, speed changes are to be limited to minor adjustments of 20 kt IAS. Speed control is not to be applied to aircraft after passing a point 4 NM from the threshold of the landing runway.
15.42Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS). Automatic Dependent SurveillanceBroadcast (also called ADS-B) is a system by which aeroplanes constantly broadcast their current position and altitude, category of aircraft, airspeed, identification, and whether the aircraft is turning, climbing or descending, over a dedicated radio data link to the Controller.. The ADS system was developed in the 1990s. It relies on data from the Global Positioning System, or any navigation system that provides an equivalent or better service. The maximum range of the system is line-of-sight, typically less than 200 nautical miles (370 km). The ADS transmissions are received by the Air Traffic Service unit serving the airspace in which the aircraft is operating, and all other ADS equipped aircraft within reception range.
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AirTraffic Services 15
Basic ADS consists of:
•Latitude
•Longitude
•Altitude
•Time
•Figure of Merit (accuracy)
15.43 AIREP. Where required, operational and meteorological information can be transmitted in the form of an air-report (AIREP). AIREPs consist of routine and special reports. A routine report has three sections:
•Section 1 - Position report
•Section 2 - Operational information (ETA and endurance)
•Section 3 - Meteorological information
Section 1 is mandatory and section 2 is transmitted when requested by the operator or considered necessary by the pilot. Section 3 is transmitted when the aircraft has been requested to make routine met reports at specific en route points.
15.44 AIREP SPECIAL. Special air-reports (AIREP SPECIAL) are reported by all aircraft which encounter any of the following hazards:
•Severe turbulence;
•Severe icing;
•Severe mountain wave;
•Thunderstorms without hail that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in line-squalls;
•Heavy dust or sand storms;
•Volcanic ash cloud.
15.45 Air Traffic Incident Reports (ATIR). In order to provide a medium for reporting, investigation and feedback of incidents occurring whilst an aircraft is under ATC, a system of ATIRs has been established. The ATIRs relate to:
•Aircraft proximity reports (AIRPROX)
•ATC procedure reports
•ATC equipment reports
AIRPROX reports may be originated by either the pilot, AIRPROX(P), or by a controller, AIRPROX(C). From a pilot, the initial report is filed by RTF and the report completed on the ground.
15.46Priority An aircraft known or believed to be in a state of emergency, including being subject to unlawful interference, shall be given priority over other aircraft.
15.47Change of Callsign ATC may require an aircraft to temporarily change its callsign should there be a chance of confusion with another aircraft of a similiar callsign on the same frequency.
Air Traffic Services 15
281
15 Questions
Questions
Questions 15
1.What is the definition of Distress?
a.An emergency condition where an aircraft is in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.
b.Persons on board an aircraft are in imminent danger and the flight cannot be continued.
c.The aircraft will be unable to land at a suitable aerodrome.
d.The aeroplane has a message to transmit concerning the safety of person on board or within sight.
2.What defines the alert phase (ALERFA)?
a.A situation in which an aeroplane and passengers are known to be in serious and imminent danger.
b.A situation where it is certain that fuel is exhausted.
c.A situation where apprehension exists about an aeroplane and its safety.
d.A situation in which an aeroplane and its passengers are in emergency.
3.Voice ATIS is transmitted on a:
a.discrete VHF frequency only.
b.discrete VHF frequency or on voice on VOR.
c.VHF frequency or on ILS frequency.
d.ILS only.
4.Who is responsible for initiating the Alert Phase?
a.FIC or the relevant ATCU.
b.The State and ATC.
c.The Area Control and the RCC.
d.RCC and the FIR.
5.What is the definition of the Emergency Phase?
a.The Distress Phase.
b.The Alarm Phase.
c.The Alert Phase.
d.A generic term meaning as the case maybe the Uncertainty Phase, the Alert Phase or the Distress Phase.
6.FIS is provided to aircraft concerning collision hazards in the following classes of airspace:
a.C, D, E, F, G.
b.F and G only.
c.F.
d.A, B, C, D, E, F, G.
7.What are the three elements of an Air Traffic Control Service?
a.Radar, SAR and FIS.
b.Area, Approach and Aerodrome.
c.Radar, Procedural and FIS.
d.Radar, Procedural and Alerting Service.
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8. |
What does an ATSU consist of? |
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a. |
An ACC and FIC. |
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b. |
An ATCU and FIC. |
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c. |
A combined radar unit and ATC tower. |
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d. |
An ACC and Approach Control. |
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9. |
How often is an ATIS updated? |
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a. |
Every 30 minutes for VFR, every 60 minutes for IFR. |
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b. |
When there is a change in information, irrespective of content or intensity. |
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c. |
When the minimum ceiling and visibility are below VFR minimum. |
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d. |
When there is a significant change in information. |
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10. |
Which of the following statements concerning the alerting service is correct? |
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a. |
The alert phase is initiated when an aircraft fails to communicate within 30 |
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minutes. |
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b. |
FIS and the alerting service may be provided by the same ATCU. |
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c. |
The distress phase is always initiated for aircraft subject to unlawful |
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interference. |
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d. |
All other traffic in the vicinity of an aircraft subjected to unlawful interference |
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is to be notified. |
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11. |
An aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to do so within 5 minutes of the ETA |
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of landing and communications have not been re-established with the aircraft. |
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What phase of the Alerting Service will be declared by the ATSU? |
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a. |
DETRESFA. |
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b. |
INCERFA. |
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c. |
ALERFA. |
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d. |
EMERGFA. |
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12. |
When an aircraft encounters difficulty, the initiation of the alert phase is the |
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responsibility of: |
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Air Traffic Co-ordination Centres. |
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b. |
Air Traffic Control Units and Flight Information Centres. |
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c. |
Search and Rescue Co-ordination Centres. |
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d. |
Air Traffic Control Centres only. |
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13. |
According to ICAO Annex 11, what does the following statement define: |
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“Information concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified |
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en route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft |
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operations and which was not already included in the forecast issued for low-level |
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flights in the FIR concerned or sub-area thereof.” |
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a. |
NOTAM. |
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b. |
SIGMET Information. |
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c. |
AIRMET Information. |
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d. |
En route Weather Report. |
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14. |
A Flight Information Service shall be provided to all aircraft which are likely to be |
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affected by the information and which are: |
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a. |
provided with ATC or which are otherwise known to the relevant ATS unit. |
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b. |
provided with ATC. |
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c. |
known to the relevant ATS unit. |
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d. |
known to the relevant ATS unit and which have filed a FP. |
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283
15 Questions
15. |
Aircraft “A” with ATC clearance is flying in VMC in a CTR. Aircraft “B” without ATC |
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clearance is converging at approximately the same altitude. Which aircraft has the |
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right of way? |
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Aircraft “A” if “B” is on its right. |
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b. |
Aircraft “A” regardless of the position of “B”. |
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c. |
Aircraft “B” regardless of the position of “A”. |
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d. |
Aircraft “B” if “A” is on its left. |
16. |
Air Traffic Control Centres issue clearances for the purpose of: |
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providing advisory ATC. |
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b. |
expediting and separating traffic. |
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c. |
achieving separation between IFR flights. |
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d. |
providing FIS. |
17. |
ATSU clocks and other time recording devices shall be checked as necessary to |
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ensure correct time to within UTC plus or minus: |
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a. |
10 seconds. |
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b. |
1 minute. |
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c. |
30 seconds. |
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d. |
15 seconds. |
18. |
The Alerting Service is to be provided for: |
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all aircraft having filed a FP or otherwise known to ATC, as far as is practicable. |
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b. |
for all controlled flights; to any aircraft known or believed to be the subject of |
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unlawful interference; and all aircraft having filed a FP or otherwise known to |
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ATC, as far as is practicable. |
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c. |
only to aircraft provided with ATC. |
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d. |
only to aircraft known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference. |
19. |
The Approach Control Service is an ATC service: |
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provided for arriving and departing controlled flights. |
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provided for arriving and departing IFR flights. |
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c. |
provided for IFR and VFR flights within a CTR. |
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d. |
provided for IFR flights within an ATZ. |
20. |
A Flight Information Region (FIR) is airspace within which the following services |
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are provided: |
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Flight Information Service; Alerting Service; Advisory Service. |
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b. |
Flight Information Service only. |
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c. |
Flight Information Service and Advisory Service. |
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d. |
Flight Information Service and Alerting Service. |
21. |
An AIREP comprises a number of sections. What is the content of part 1? |
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Noted weather. |
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Flight identification and noted weather. |
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c. |
Urgent messages. |
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d. |
A position report. |
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22. |
Clearances will be issued by ATC for the purpose of: |
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providing alerting services. |
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b. |
achieving separation between air traffic. |
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c. |
providing a flight information service. |
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d. |
providing advisory ATC. |
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23. |
Air Traffic Service Unit (ATSU) means: |
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ATCUs and Air Services reporting units. |
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b. |
FICs and Air Services reporting units. |
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c. |
ATCUs; FICs and Air Services reporting units. |
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d. |
ATCUs and FICs. |
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24. |
What is the content of section 2 of an AIREP? |
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a. |
ETA and endurance. |
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b. |
EET and endurance. |
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c. |
Present position and ETA. |
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d. |
ETA for the FIR boundary and endurance. |
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25. |
The Air Traffic service is provided for the purpose of: |
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preventing collisions between aircraft, between aircraft and obstacles on the |
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manoeuvring area and expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air |
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traffic. |
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b. |
applying separation between aircraft and expediting and maintaining an |
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orderly flow of air traffic. |
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c. |
preventing collisions between controlled aircraft and expediting and |
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Questions |
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maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic. |
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d. |
avoiding collisions between all aircraft and expediting and maintaining an |
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orderly flow of air traffic. |
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26. |
The Alerting Service is provided by: |
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the ATS unit responsible for the aircraft at that moment. |
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b. |
the ATS unit responsible for the aircraft at that moment when it can transmit |
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on 121.5 MHz. |
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c. |
only ATC units. |
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d. |
Area Control Centres. |
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27. |
When is ATIS updated? |
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Only when the weather conditions change enough to require a change in the |
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active runway or instrument approach in use. |
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b. |
Only when the ceiling and/or visibility changes by a reportable value. |
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c. |
Upon the receipt of any significant change. |
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d. |
Every 30 minutes if weather conditions are below those for VFR, otherwise |
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hourly. |
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28. |
Who is responsible for an ATC clearance to be safe in respect of terrain avoidance? |
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a. |
ATC. |
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b. |
The ATSU when accepting the FP. |
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c. |
The PIC. |
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d. |
The Operator. |
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285
15 Questions
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29. |
Which of the following statements regarding the Alerting Service is correct? |
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a. |
The distress phase is established when an aircraft is known or believed to be |
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the subject of unlawful interference. |
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b. |
Aircraft in the vicinity of an aircraft that is known or believed to be the subject |
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of unlawful interference, shall be informed about this. |
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c. |
The Alerting Service and FIS are often provided by the same ATSU. |
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d. |
The Alert phase is established when no communication has been received |
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from an aircraft within a period of 30 minutes after the time communications |
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should have been received. |
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30. |
ATIS broadcasts for departing and arriving aircraft are to contain cloud cover |
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information when: |
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the cloud base is below 5000 ft or the highest MSA whichever is higher. |
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b. |
the cloud base is below 3000 ft or the highest MSA whichever is higher, or |
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there is cumulonimbus reported. |
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c. |
the cloud base is below 5000 ft or the highest MSA whichever is higher, or |
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there is cumulonimbus reported. |
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d. |
the cloud base is below 10 000 ft or the highest MSA whichever is higher, or |
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there is cumulonimbus reported. |
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31. |
ATIS broadcast: |
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shall not be transmitted on the voice channel of a VOR beacon. |
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b. |
shall only be transmitted on a discrete VHF frequency. |
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c. |
shall not be transmitted on the voice channel of ILS. |
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d. |
shall be transmitted on the voice channel of ILS, on a discrete VHF frequency |
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or on the voice channel of a VOR beacon. |
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32. |
Whenever ATIS is provided, the preparation and dissemination of the ATIS |
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message is the responsibility of: |
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a. |
the Met office serving the aerodrome. |
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b. |
both ATC and the Met office. |
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whichever office is prescribed by the state. |
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d. |
ATS. |
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33. |
Flight information provided to flights shall include provision of information |
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concerning collision hazards to aircraft operating in airspace classes: |
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a. |
F and G only. |
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b. |
C to G inclusive. |
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c. |
A to G inclusive. |
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d. |
A to E inclusive. |
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34. |
The phases of the Alerting Service to an aircraft in emergency or believed to be in |
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emergency are: |
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a. |
uncertainty phase; urgency phase; distress phase. |
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b. |
uncertainty phase; urgency phase; emergency phase. |
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c. |
uncertainty phase; alert phase; urgency and distress phase. |
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d. |
uncertainty phase; alert phase; distress phase. |
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286
Questions 15
35.The ATIS broadcast should not exceed:
a.3 minutes.
b.30 seconds.
c.1 minute.
d.2 minutes.
36.An aerodrome Flight Information Service:
a.can only relay ATC instructions to aircraft on the ground or in the air.
b.can supply limited services to the users but not ATC under any circumstances to aircraft in the air.
c.can supply ATC but is not subject to authority supervision.
d.is the same as ATC but is only provided at an aerodrome.
Questions 15
287