Licensing Crew Flight 5

a CPL(A) holder to have passed the theoretical knowledge for ATPL(A) prior to starting type rating training for multi-pilot aeroplanes engaged in commercial air transportation). If the privilege is to be exercised at night, the holder is to have received dual instruction in aeroplanes flying at night, including take-offs, landings and navigation.

Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) - ATPL(A)

5.59Age. An applicant for an ATPL(A) is to be not less than 21 years of age.

5.60Theoretical Knowledge. An applicant for an ATPL(A) must have knowledge of the same subjects detailed in paragraph 5.55 but to a more demanding level determined by examination.

5.61Experience. An applicant for an ATPL(A) is to complete not less than 1500 hours flight time and to demonstrate the ability to pilot multi-crew aeroplanes under IFR. Where synthetic trainer time is permitted, it is limited to a maximum of 100 hours as part of the required hours provided that not more than 25 hours have been acquired in a flight procedure trainer or a basic instrument trainer. Flight time as pilot in other categories of aircraft may (with authority authorization) be credited. The applicant is required to have completed not less than:

•500 hours as PIC under supervision or 250 hours, either as PIC or made up by not less than 70 hours as PIC and the additional flight time as PIC under supervision.

•200 hours cross-country flight time with not less than 100 hours PIC or co-pilot acting as PIC under supervision provided that the method is approved by the authority.

•75 hours instrument time of which not more than 30 hours may be instrument ground time.

•100 hours night flight time as PIC or co-pilot.

•JAR-FCL additionally requires 500 hours multi-pilot operations in transport, commuter category aeroplanes (or equivalent code).

5.62Medical Fitness. An ATPL(A) holder must hold a current class 1 medical assessment.

5.63Privileges. The holder of an ATPL(A) is permitted to exercise all the privileges granted to the holder of a PPL(A) and CPL(A) and of an IR(A); and to act as PIC and co-pilot of any aeroplane engaged in commercial air transport.

Multi-crew Pilot Licence (MPL)

5.64Concept. ICAO PANS Training defines the MPL as a licence that permits the holder to exercise the privileges of a co-pilot in commercial air transport on multi-crew aeroplanes (aeroplanes which require a flight crew of at least two pilots). It permits pilots to be trained directly as co-pilots rather than under the CPL or ATPL system that trains PICs.

5.65Limitations. As the licence is designed for co-pilots of multi-crew aeroplanes, the holder of an MPL will not be able to exercise the privilege of the licence on single-pilot operation aeroplanes.

5.66Licence Specification. The specification for the MPL broadly follows the example of the JAA ‘frozen’ ATPL(A)

Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) (IR(A))

5.67Requirements for Issue. The knowledge requirements for an IR(A) are related to the privilege of the rating, specifically, to operations under IFR. The skill requirement also specifically requires the applicant to demonstrate the ability to operate multi-engine aeroplanes solely with reference to instruments with one engine inoperative, if a pilot is to fly IFR in such aeroplanes. The regulations permit the use of synthetic trainers to demonstrate skills.

5.68Experience. The applicant is to hold a PPL(A) with a night qualification, or a CPL(A), and have completed 50 hours of cross-country flight time as PIC in aeroplanes or helicopters, of which not less than 10 hours shall be in aeroplanes.

5.69Medical. Holders of PPL(A) are required to comply with the hearing requirements for class 1 certification and contracting states should consider requiring the PPL holder to pass the physical, mental and visual requirements of class 1.

5.70Privileges of an IR(A). Providing the holder of an IR(A) is also the holder of the appropriate licence and is medically fit (certificated), the holder is permitted to fly aeroplanes under IFR. If a pilot holds both an aeroplane and a helicopter licence, the privilege to fly both types under IFR may be conferred by a single instrument rating.

5.71Conditions. In states where flight in VMC at night is not permitted, holders of a PPL(A) or a CPL(A) without an IR(A) may (under national rules) be granted a night rating permitting flight at night in VMC under IFR. Additionally, states may (under national rules) grant an IMC rating permitting flight outside controlled airspace (which may include exemptions for flight in some CTRs) in meteorological conditions less than VMC during daytime, to pilots without an IR(A).

Instructor and Examiner Rating

5.72Instructor Categories. There are six categories of aeroplane instructor ratings:

•Flight Instructor – Aeroplane (FI(A))

•Type Rating Instructor – Aeroplane (TRI(A))

•Class Rating Instructor – Aeroplane (CRI(A))

•Instrument Rating Instructor – Aeroplane (IRI(A))

•Synthetic Flight Instructor – Aeroplane (SFI(A))

•Multi-crew Co-operation Course Instructor - Aeroplane (MCCI(A))

5.73Prerequisites. All instructors are required to hold at least the licence, rating or qualification for which instruction is given and shall be entitled to act as PIC of the aeroplane during such instruction.

5.74Period of Validity. Instructor ratings are valid for 3 years.

5.75Flight Instructor Rating - Aeroplane (FI(A)). The following are the conditions which apply to the granting of an FI(A) rating:

•Minimum age 18

•Must be supervised until:

•Completed 100 hours of instruction

•Supervised 25 student solo flights

Flight Crew Licensing 5

Licensing Crew Flight 5

5.76 Prerequisites. Before beginning the course of training for an FI(A) rating the applicant is to have:

•A CPL(A) or 200 hours flight time of which 150 as PIC if holding a PPL(A)

•The theoretical knowledge of a CPL(A) holder

•Completed 30 hours in single-engine piston powered aeroplanes with at least 5 hours in the last six months

•Received at least 10 hours of instruction (of which not more than 5 is instrument ground time)

•Completed at least 20 hours of cross-country as PIC (distance and landings as per CPL(A))

•Passed a pre-entry flight test

5.77 Unrestricted Privileges. The following are the unrestricted privileges of an FI(A) (with specific experience conditions as per JAR-FCL 1.330). To conduct flight instruction for:

•The issue of a PPL(A)

•The issue of class and type ratings for single-engine aeroplanes

•The issue of a CPL(A) - 500 hours flight time, 200 hours instructional are necessary

•Instruction at night providing a night qualification is held

•The issue of an IR(A) for single-engine aeroplanes

•The issue of an IR(A) for multi-engine aeroplanes

•The issue of single-pilot multi-engine type or class ratings

•The issue of an FI(A) rating

5.78Examiners. Five roles of an examiner are recognized:

•Flight examiner (FE(A)).

•Type rating examiner (TRE(A))/Synthetic flight examiner (SFE(A)).

•Class rating examiner (CRE(A)).

•Instrument rating examiner (IRE(A)).

•Flight instructor examiner (FIE(A)).

5.79Requirement. Examiners shall hold a licence and rating at least equal to the licence or rating for which they are authorized to conduct skills tests or proficiency checks and, unless specified otherwise, the privilege to instruct for this licence or rating.

5.80Period of Validity. An examiner’s authorization is valid for not more than three years. Examiners are re-authorized at the discretion of the Authority.

JAR-FCL 3 Medical Requirements

5.81Requirement. In order to apply for, or to exercise the privileges of, a licence, the applicant or the holder shall hold a medical certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of JAR-FCL 3 (Medical) and appropriate to the privileges of the licence. The holder of a medical certificate shall be mentally and physically fit to safely exercise the privileges of the applicable licence.

5.82JAR-FCL Medical Certificates. JAR-FCL defines two classes of medical assessment certificates for pilots:

•Class 1 for commercial pilots (CPL and ATPL)

•Class 2 for private pilots (PPL)