- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 Definitions
- •Introduction
- •Abbreviations
- •Definitions
- •2 International Agreements and Organizations
- •The Chicago Convention
- •International Law
- •Commercial Considerations
- •Customs and Excise, and Immigration
- •International Obligations of Contracted States
- •Duties of ICAO Member States
- •Status of Annex Components
- •The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- •The Organization of ICAO
- •Regional Structure of ICAO
- •Regional Structure and Offices
- •ICAO Publications
- •Other International Agreements
- •The Conventions of Tokyo, the Hague and Montreal
- •The Warsaw Convention
- •The Rome Convention
- •IATA
- •ECAC
- •EASA
- •Eurocontrol
- •World Trade Organization
- •Geneva Convention
- •EU Regulation 261/2004
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •3 Airworthiness of Aircraft
- •Introduction
- •Airworthiness
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •4 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks
- •Introduction
- •Nationality and Registration Marks
- •Certification of Registration
- •Aircraft Markings
- •Classification of Aircraft
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •5 Flight Crew Licensing
- •Introduction
- •Definitions
- •General Rules Concerning Licensing
- •Licences and Ratings for Pilots
- •Multi-crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
- •Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) (IR(A))
- •Instructor and Examiner Rating
- •JAR-FCL 3 Medical Requirements
- •Pilot Proficiency
- •EASA Theoretical Knowledge Examinations
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •6 Rules of the Air
- •History
- •Applicability of the Rules of the Air
- •General Rules
- •Visual Flight Rules
- •Instrument Flight Rules
- •Semi-circular Flight Level Rules and RVSM
- •Special VFR
- •Distress and Urgency Signals
- •Restricted, Prohibited or Danger Areas
- •Signals for Aerodrome Traffic
- •Marshalling Signals
- •Flight Deck Signals
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Instrument Procedures
- •PANS OPS
- •Instrument Departure Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •8 Approach Procedures
- •Procedure Basics
- •Approach Procedure Design
- •Obstacle Clearance Altitude/Height
- •Operating Minima
- •Descent Gradients
- •Track Reversal and Racetracks
- •Missed Approach Segment and Procedure
- •Published Information
- •RNAV Approach Procedures based on VOR/DME
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •9 Circling Approach
- •Circling Approach
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •10 Holding Procedures
- •Holding Procedures
- •Entry Sectors
- •ATC Considerations
- •Obstacle Clearance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •11 Altimeter Setting Procedure
- •Altimeter Setting Objectives
- •Transition
- •Phases of Flight
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •12 Parallel or Near-parallel Runway Operation
- •Safety
- •Runway Spacing
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •13 SSR and ACAS
- •Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •14 Airspace
- •Introduction
- •Control Areas and Zones
- •Classes of Airspace
- •Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
- •Airways and ATS Routes
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •15 Air Traffic Services
- •Introduction
- •Air Traffic Control
- •ATC Clearances
- •Control of Persons and Vehicles at Aerodromes
- •The Flight Information Service
- •The Alerting Service
- •Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •16 Separation
- •Concept of Separation
- •Vertical Separation
- •Horizontal Separation
- •Radar Separation
- •Procedural Wake Turbulence Separation
- •Radar Wake Turbulence Separation
- •Visual Separation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
- •Stacking
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •17 Control of Aircraft
- •Procedural ATC
- •Radar Control
- •Radar Identification
- •Radar Service
- •Aerodrome Control
- •Approach Control Service
- •Air Traffic Advisory Service
- •Aircraft Emergencies
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •18 Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)
- •Introduction
- •General
- •The Integrated Aeronautical Information Package
- •The Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
- •Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
- •SNOWTAM
- •ASHTAM
- •Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs)
- •Pre-flight and Post-flight Information
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Introduction
- •Aerodrome Reference Code
- •Glossary of Terms
- •Aerodrome Data
- •Runways
- •Taxiways
- •Aprons
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Requirements
- •Visual Aids for Navigation
- •Runway Markings
- •Taxiway Markings
- •Signs
- •Markers
- •Visual Docking Guidance Systems
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •21 Aerodrome Lighting
- •Aerodrome Lights
- •Approach Lighting Systems
- •Runway Lighting
- •Taxiway Lighting
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •22 Obstacle Marking and Aerodrome Services
- •Introduction
- •Visual Aids for Denoting Obstacles
- •Visual Aids for Denoting Restricted Use Areas
- •Emergency and Other Services
- •Other Aerodrome Services
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •23 Facilitation
- •Entry and Departure of Aircraft
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •24 Search and Rescue
- •Definitions and Abbreviations
- •Establishment and Provision of SAR Service
- •Co-operation between States
- •Operating Procedures
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •25 Security
- •Introduction
- •Objectives
- •Organization
- •Preventative Security Measures
- •Management of Response to Acts of Unlawful Interference
- •Further Security Information
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •26 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
- •Introduction
- •Objective of Investigation
- •Investigations
- •Serious Incidents
- •EU Considerations
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •27 Revision Questions
- •Revision Questions
- •Answers
- •EASA Specimen Examination
- •Answers to Specimen EASA Examination
- •28 Addendum – EASA Part-FCL & Part-MED
- •Chapter Five. Flight Crew Licensing
- •European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
- •Licences
- •Ratings
- •Certificates
- •EASA Part-MED
- •29 Index
Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) 18
18.35 ASHTAM Colour Code. The table below details the volcano alert code used in field E of an ASHTAM:
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Description of Volcanic Activity |
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Volcanic eruption in progress. Pyroclastic ash plume/cloud reported above |
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Red |
FL250, or volcano dangerous, eruption likely, with pyroclastic ash plume/ |
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cloud expected to rise above FL250 |
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Volcanic eruption in progress. Pyroclastic ash plume/cloud not reaching |
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Orange |
nor expected to reach FL250, or volcano dangerous, eruption likely, with |
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pyroclastic ash plume/cloud not expected to reach FL250 |
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Volcano known to be active from time to time and volcanic activity |
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has recently increased significantly, volcano not currently considered |
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Yellow |
dangerous but caution should be exercised, or after a volcanic eruption |
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(i.e. change in alert to yellow from red or orange) volcanic activity has |
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decreased significantly, volcano not currently considered dangerous but |
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caution should be exercised. |
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Green |
Volcanic activity considered to have ceased and volcano reverted to its |
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normal state. |
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Figure 18.4 ASHTAM colour code |
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Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs) |
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18.36 Description. AICs are a method whereby information that does not qualify for inclusion |
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in the AIP or is not suitable for NOTAM is disseminated to all interested parties. An AIC is |
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originated whenever it is desirable to promulgate: a long-term forecast of any major change in |
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legislation, regulations, procedures or facilities; information of a purely explanatory or advisory |
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nature liable to affect flight safety; or information or notification of an explanatory or advisory |
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nature concerning technical, legislative or purely administrative matters. |
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18.37 General Specifications of AICs. AICs are issued in printed form, and both text and |
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diagrams may be included. The originating State can select the AICs that are to be given international distribution. AICs are allocated a serial number which should be consecutive and based on the calendar year. When AICs are distributed in more than one series, each series is separately identified by a letter. It is normal for differentiation and identification of AIC topics according to subjects to use a colour coding system (i.e. the paper on which the information is published is distinguished by topic by different colour). A checklist of AIC currently in force is issued at least once a year, with distribution as for the AIC. AICs in the UK are published on Thursdays every 28 days.
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(AIS) Service Information Aeronautical 18
Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)
18.38 Colour Coding of UK AICs. Annex 15 recommends that AICs are colour-coded according to topics. In the UK the following colour coding scheme for AICs is adopted.
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Meaning |
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Pink |
Matters relating to safety |
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Yellow |
Operational matters including ATS facilities and requirements |
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White |
Administrative matters e.g. exam dates and fees |
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Mauve (Purple) |
UK airspace reservations imposed in accordance with applicable |
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Green |
Maps and Charts |
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Figure 18.5 Colour coding of AICs
Pre-flight and Post-flight Information
18.39Pre-flight Information. At any aerodrome normally used for international air operations, aeronautical information essential for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation and relative to the route stages originating at the aerodrome must be made available to flight operations personnel, including flight crews and services responsible for pre-flight information. Aeronautical information provided for pre-flight planning purposes at the aerodromes must include: relevant elements of the Integrated Aeronautical Information Package; and maps and charts. The documentation may be limited to national publications and when practicable, those of immediately adjacent states, provided a complete library of aeronautical information is available at a central location and means of direct communications are available between the aerodrome AIS unit and that library.
18.40Aerodrome Information. Additional current information relating to the aerodrome of departure shall be provided concerning the following:
•Construction or maintenance work on or immediately adjacent to the manoeuvring area;
•Rough portions of any part of the manoeuvring area, whether marked or not (For example: broken parts of the surface of runways and taxiways);
•Presence and depth of snow, ice or water on runways and taxiways, including their effect on surface friction;
•Snow drifted or piled on or adjacent to runways or taxiways;
•Parked aircraft or other objects on or immediately adjacent to taxiways;
•Presence of other temporary hazards including those created by birds;
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Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) 18
•Failure or irregular operation of part or all of the aerodrome lighting system including approach, threshold, runway, taxiway, obstruction and manoeuvring area unserviceability lights and aerodrome power supply;
•Failure, irregular operation and changes in operation status of ILS (including markers) SRE, PAR, DME, SSR, VOR, NDB, VHF aeronautical mobile channels, RVR observing system, and secondary power supply;
•Presence and operations of humanitarian relief missions, such as those undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations, together with any associated procedures, and/or limitations applied thereof.
18.41PIBs. A recapitulation of current NOTAM and other information of urgent character shall be made available to flight crews in the form of plain language pre-flight information bulletins (PIB).
18.42Post-flight Information. States shall ensure that arrangements are made to receive at aerodromes/heliports information concerning the state and operation of air navigation facilities noted by aircrews, and shall ensure that such information is made available to the aeronautical information service for such distribution as the circumstances necessitate.
Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) 18
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What level of alert would be inserted in field E of an ASHTAM following a volcanic |
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eruption in which a pyroclastic ash cloud extends above FL250? |
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Red alert. |
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b. |
Orange alert. |
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c. |
Yellow alert. |
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d. |
Green alert. |
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2. |
In which section of the AIP would you find information on holding, approach and |
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departing procedures? |
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GEN. |
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ENR. |
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c. |
SAT. |
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d. |
AD. |
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3. |
An integrated aeronautical information package consists of: |
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AIP and amendment service, supplement to the AIP, NOTAM, Pre-flight |
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Information Bulletins (PIBs), AICs, checklists and summaries. |
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b. |
AIP and amendment service, NOTAM, Pre-flight Information Bulletins (PIBs), |
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and AICs, AIRAC, checklists and summaries. |
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c. |
AIP and amendment service, supplement to the AIP, NOTAM, AIRAC, AICs, |
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checklists and summaries. |
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d. |
AIP & Supplements, AIRAC, NOTAM and pre-flight bulletins. |
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In what section of the AIP are details of SIGMET found? |
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GEN. |
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ENR. |
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AD. |
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d. |
COMMS. |
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5. |
Where in the AIP is a list of Location Indicators to be found? |
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GEN. |
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COMMS. |
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c. |
AD. |
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AGA. |
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A check list for NOTAM is issued: |
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every 5 days. |
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every 28 days. |
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every 18 days. |
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at intervals of not more than one month. |
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AIP approach charts do not give information for Instrument Approach Procedures |
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for: |
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OCA/H. |
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visibility minima. |
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obstacles protruding above the obstacle free zone. |
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d. |
DME frequencies. |
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18 |
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8. |
AIP supplements with extensive text and graphics cover a short period. What is a |
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long period in this respect? |
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1 yr. |
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2 months. |
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3 months. |
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6 months. |
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AIRAC is: |
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a breakdown service. |
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operationally significant changes to the AIP. |
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a medical evacuation flight. |
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d. |
an Army Air Corps publication. |
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What information is not on an aerodrome approach plate? |
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DME frequency. |
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OCA. |
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Dominant obstacles. |
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Operating minima if the aerodrome is being used as an alternative. |
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Where in the AIP is information concerning re-fuelling facilities and services found? |
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ENR. |
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SUPP. |
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AD. |
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GEN. |
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Where in the AIP would you find information concerning prohibited, restricted or |
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danger areas? |
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ENR. |
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SUPP. |
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d. |
GEN. |
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13. |
In what part of the AIP are the details of SIGMET found? |
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GEN. |
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ENR. |
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AD. |
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AIRAC. |
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14. |
What is the coefficient of braking, if the braking action is reported as medium? |
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Between 1.0 and 0.25. |
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Between 0.25 and 0.3. |
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Between 0.30 and 0.35. |
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Between 0.35 and 0.4. |
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363
18 Questions
15.Regarding the AIS what is the time limit for a checklist of current NOTAM to be issued?
a.7 days.
b.14 days.
c.28 days.
d.One month.
16.A checklist of the active NOTAM must be published on the AFTN at intervals of:
a.not more than 28 days.
b.not more than 15 days.
c.not more than 1 month.
d.not more than 10 days.
17.Operationally significant changes to the AIP shall be published in accordance with:
a.AICs.
b.AIP Supplements.
c.AIRAC procedures.
d.trigger NOTAMS.
18.A notice containing information concerning flight safety, air navigation, administration or legislative matters and originated at the AIS of a state is called:
a.Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP).
b.Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC).
c.AIRAC.
d.NOTAM.
Questions 18
364
Questions 18
Questions 18
365