Инфинитив без частицы to

Инфинитив употребляется без частицы to:

1.После модальных глаголов (кроме ought to, have to, be to).

2. После глаголов:

to make заставлять

to let разрешать,

а иногда также после глаголов:

to help помогать

to dare сметь, отважиться

I let him go there.

Я разрешил ему пойти туда.

Help me (to) do it.

Помогите мне сделать это.

3. После сочетаний:

had better лучше бы

would rather, would sooner предпочел бы

I would rather not tell them about it.

Я предпочел бы не говорить им об этом.

4. После союза than в сравнениях.

I prefer to drive to work rather than take the bus.

Я больше предпочитаю ездить на работу на машине, чем на автобусе.

5. В обороте «объектный падеж с инфинитивом» после глаголов:

to see видеть

to watch наблюдать

to hear слышать

to feel чувствовать

to notice замечать и некоторых других.

I saw him fall to the ground.

Я видел, как он упал на землю.

Примечание:

Когда глаголы в пунктах 2 и 5 употребляются в страдательном залоге, следующий за ним инфинитив употребляется с частицей to.

Не was made to do it.

Его заставили это сделать.

В вопросах, начинающихся с why not.

Why not go to the disco?

Почему бы нам не пойти на дискотеку.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Make up sentences according to the model.

It is difficult to get this book. (pleasant — to work with him; easy — to explain the fact)

The problem is how to do it. (where — to stay; what materials — to use)

The text is easy to translate. (problem — to solve; matter —to discuss)

He is known to work at this problem. (to be the father of Russian science; to live in France)

He appeared to be ill. (to be away; to be a true friend)

He was the last to come. (to leave; to mention it)

I would like you to do it. (to make a report; to start now)

Here is the letter to be typed. (the document — to sign; the article — to translate)

Exercise 2. Find the infinitives and define their form and function.

To drive a car was not difficult for her.

I don’t like to be interrupted.

It’s too late now to go to the park.

He appears to be satisfied with the results of his work.

They are certain to be here on Monday.

He worked hard not to lag behind the other students.

Give me something to eat.

He is said to have written a new play.

She seems to have been told about it.

They seem to have been writing their composition for an hour already.

Теst 1.

Choose the right answer:

1. Mr. Burton needn’t …, his namesake never turned up.

a) to hurry

b) hurry

c) have hurried

d) be hurried

2. I meant … you for a drive on Sunday, but I was too busy.

a) to take

b) to have taken

c) to be taken

d) be taken

3. Nick must … badminton in the yard.

a) play

b) to play

c) be playing

d) have played

4. Your bad habits must … with no matter how difficult it is.

a) have broken

b) be broken

c) have been broken

d) break

5. 40 events must … into the All-Union competitions already, but perhaps some more will be still added.

a) be included

b) to include

c) have been included

d) be including

6. I told him … the letters.

a) to post

b) to have posted

c) to have been posted

d) to be posted

7. I saw her … the room.

a) to leave

b) leave

c) to be left

d) be left

8. He was glad … there.

a) to invite

b) invite

c) to be invited

d) to be inviting

9. There is every reason … that the cargo will arrive in time.

a) suppose

b) to be supposed

c) to suppose

d) to have supposed

10. He is always the first … to the university.

a) to come

b) to be coming

c) come

d) be coming

Test 2.

1. It’s a nice film for you _______.

a) to do

b) to speak

c) to see

d) to hear

2. He expects ________ to join him at dinner.

a) we

b) ours

c) our

d) us

3. You’d better ________ the lecture.

a) to be attended

b) attending

c) attend

d) to attend

4. She felt her head _________ round.

a) rise

b) go

c) shake

d) stay

5. The news made Betsy _________ bitterly.

a) to cry

b) to be crying

c) to have cried

d) cry

6. Ann wanted James ________ her some money.

a) to lend

b) be lending

c) lend

d) lent

7. He expected the company _______ his medical bill.

a) to be paying

b) to pay

c) pay

d) paying

8. I was too sleepy ________ the article to the end.

a) to fly

b) to quarrel

c) to win

d) to read

9. Try _______ the key the other way.

a) to turn

b) have turned

c) be turning

d) turn

10. She heard John _______ with his partner.

a) for to quarrel

b) to quarrel

c) quarrel

d) to by quarrel